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Homebirth as Actor-Network
Genttnerová, Kristýna ; Grygar, Jakub (advisor) ; Kabele, Jiří (referee)
Homebirth as Actor-Network: Multiple realities The topic of this medical anthropology thesis is a description of homebirth seen through the eyes of Actor-Network Theory. The focus of this work is thus not on the professional concept of homebirth as a biological process or soon-to-be-mothers experience and take on homebirth. Focus is on homebirth in itself, how it is enacted via interactions of actors in network. After the presentation of two points of view on medicine (disease and illness), an introduction into the basic principles and innovations of ANT (including anthropology of symmetry), into the works of people, who build their ideas on it (Mol - multiplicity, De Laet - fluidity, Law) and the presentation of the current birthing situation in the Czech Republic, the thesis shifts its focus to the description of the whole actor-network, which enacts homebirth via interaction between the actors in practice. These practices are abstracted from the interviews with mothers, a dula and a paediatrician. The description includes people and objects, because according to ANT, they have the same amount of social agency. Homebirth is then enacted by the objects needed for homebirth - tools to make birth easier and to support its process, by people who partake, venues it takes place in and the birthing positions it...
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Criminal Liability of Physicians in Gynecology and Obstetrics
Kociánová, Natálie ; Sovová, Olga (advisor) ; Císařová, Dagmar (referee)
Thesis title: CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF PHYSICIANS IN GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS The purpose of my diploma thesis is to analyse the issue of criminal liability of physicians, especially physicians in Gynecology and Obstetrics. The thesis is divided into five main chapters and many subchapters. The first chapter serves as an introduction to the legal liability in general. I mention the categories of liability- civil and labour liability are just noticed in this task, while administrative and disciplinary liability are discussed and defined. The aim is to compare these liability in healthcare and emphasize the ultima ratio principle of criminal liability. Chapter Two defines relevant concepts of medical law. This chapter deals with the concept of acting lege artis, acting non lege artis, informed consent of patient and advance directives. These concepts are demonstrated on examples from practice and related jurisprudence. I also define the specilization of Gynecology and Obstetrics and its legislation. The third chapter explains basic terms and concepts connected with criminal liability and define the necessary conditions and circumstances for physicians to commit a crime. The second section of this chapter focuses on circumstances under which some normally unlawful acting might not be considered illegal....
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Women´s Attitudes towards Alternative Birhting
TESAŘOVÁ, Blanka
The bachelor's research work "Women´s Attitudes towards Alternative Birhting" is focusing on the topic of alternative birthing, especially birthing outwith the medical facilities, that are currently quite often discussed issues. Alternative birthing is the matter of historical, legislagive and personal aspect. The objective of the research is to find out more about the women´s attitude towards the alternative birthing and reasons that lead to this choice, or, on the contrary, the reasons that discourage them from it. The historical development of obstetrics and birth assistance in the Czech Republic and abroad is described in the theoretical part as well as gradual transition of childbirths from homes to medical facilities, where the main objective is to secure the accessible medical care and to reduce the risk of birth in injuries for mothers and children. Appropriate attention is also paid to current situation and legislation in the Czech Republic, as the alternative birthing issues are not satisfying in this matter. Contemporary pressure of some experts as well as non-professionals on the freedom of making decisions about the births and place of births is mentioned here. The summary of opinions of supportes and opponents of this possibility is presented . Positives, negatives, complications and health hazards of deliveries, not only outwith the medical facilities, are described briefly. The post of midwifes and their qualifications embodied in legislature is also mentioned. Practical part of the dissertation is the qualitative research of the sample of four women who were asked about their attitude towards the alternative birthing issue through the designed indepth interview. These talks are processed and analysed. The result is the attitude of the presented sample of women towards this issue, which, however, does not respond to neither supporters´or opponents´ view. All the interviewed women appreciate the intimacy of alternative birthing, its course, familiar and informal atmosphere and a certain possibility of motion during the birth itself. On the other hand, they also realize possible complications related to the delivery and they are aware of the fact that if the medical help is late or not possible, there is an enhanced risk for mother and child. From the survey with this presented sample of respondents it can be concluded that all these women would welcome the posibility to deliver at the maternal hospital with the immediate medical care, in case of complications, but they would appreciate the stay with more privacy,comfort, possibility to move and certain freedom to cooperate on the procedures. Some of the women would appreciate delivery with the help of midwife who would be appointed in advance, if the physiological delivery is without problems. That means that there would be only the midwife during the delivery but the doctor would not be present.
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