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Hodnocení kvality mleziva dojnic českého strakatého skotu v ekologickém a konvenčním chovu
Buďová, Tereza
The theoretical part aims to provide information about the mammary gland, colostrum, its composition and quality control, types of milk, milking technologies, parlours, and generally about the importance of cattle breading focusing on Czech spotted cattle breed. The main goal of the practical part was to evaluate and compare the quality of colostrum in eco-breeding and conventional breeding. A total of 266 dairy cows of the Czech spotted cattle were included in the evaluation. Dairy cows were divided into individual lactations in order to evaluate the quality of the colostrum in % Brix, the sex of the born calf and amount of milk in liters per first milking. The obtained results were processed and collected into charts. Our results show that the colostrum quality is better in the eco-breeding in Dalečín than in conventional breeding in Věstín. In Dalečín, 114 dairy cows were evaluated. They reached average Brix values of 20.97 % in the first lactation, 20.42 % in the second, 21 % in the third, 25.15 % in the fourth, 23 % in the fifth and 22.17 % Brix in the last lactation. In total, 57 heifers, 53 bulls and 9 stillborn calves were born there. The average milk yield for individual lactation was 2 liters for the first, 4.1 liters for the second, 4 liters for the third, 4.1 liters for the fourth, 6.2 liters for the fifth and 4.9 liters for the mixed lactation. According to these values, we can state that in the eco-breeding in Dalečín the fourth lactation is the best since it reached 25.15 % Brix. In Věstín, 152 dairy cows were evaluated. In total, 79 heifers, 73 bulls and 8 stillborn calves were born. The average milk yield was 20.22 % for the first lactation, 19.95 % for the second, 21.17 % for the third, 20.63% for the fourth, 21.24 % for the fifth and 21.08 % Brix for the mixed lactation. The average milk yield for individual lactation was 2.47 liters for the first, 4.58 liters for the second, 4.17 liters for the third, 6.6 liters for the fourth, 5.38 liters for the fifth and 5.42 for the mixed lactation. We can state the fifth lactation as the best since it reached 21.24 % Brix.
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Vliv různých zdrojů dusíkatých látek na užitkovost a metabolismus dojnic
Lužová, Veronika
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the level of nutrition of dairy cows in a selected agricultural enterprise with a subsequent experiment in the form of the change in the representation of soy, oilseed rape and sunflower in the protein concentrate, which is the part of the ration of dairy cows. The experiment took place in Bohuňovice s.r.o. in 2022, where the feed ration was adjusted to four months in the form of a change in the composition of the protein concentrate (before the change the representation of 60 % soybean and 30,8 % oilseed rape extracted meal and after the change 45,8 % oilseed rape, 30 % soya and 15 % sunflower extracted meal). The experiment was focused on dairy cows in the first stage of lactasion, where milk yield and selected milk components were evaluated every month. Afterwads the effect of changing the feed ration on the productivity of dairy cows and selected milk components was evaluated. Afterwards the economic indicators of the adjusted feed ration were evaluated. During the experiment it was found, that the feed ration corresponded to the nutrient needs of dairy cows in the first stage of lactasion but showed a lack of nitrogenous substances and energy in the summer months. The average daily milk yield decreased slightly inconclusively at the end of the experiment, but the adjusted feed ration had no demonstrable effect on the productivity of dairy cows. Afterwards it was found that the adjusted feed ration has a statistically demonstrable effect on increasing the content of fat, protein, urea and free fatty acids in the milk. The results showed that modified ration had an optimal amount of energy and nitrogen substances and after increasing the proportion of oilseed rape and reducing the proportion of soya and including sunflower extracted meal, the ration had a more balanced content of nitrogen substances, evaluated according to the concentration of urea in the milk and there was an increase in the main of milk components (protein, fat).
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Analýza mléčné užitkovosti dojnic českého strakatého skotu v průběhu roku ve vybraném chovu
Čurda, Jaroslav
The aim of this bachelor thesis was the analysis of milk yield in dairy cows of Czech fleckvieh cattle during one calendar year in selected breeding. For this purpose, 12 measurements were made in individual months, where the monitored parameters included day in milk (DIM), number of lactation (n), milk yield (kg milk) and milk components, namely fat (%) and protein (%). The results show that the effect of season had a significant effect on the amount of milk produced (kg) and the milk components (fat, protein). The highest daily milk yield was achieved by dairy cows in spring months and the lowest in autumn and winter months (P < 0.01). The highest fat and protein contents were achieved in autumn and winter months (P < 0.01). The effect of lactation order on milk yield was highly significant. The highest milk yields were achieved in the 3rd lactation. The highest fat, protein and lactose contents were achieved in the 1st lactation (P < 0.01). The effect of lactation stage on milk yield was statistically significant, with the highest milk yields being achieved in the first 100 days of lactation. The lowest was at 301 days or more. The content of milk components (fat, protein) was highest at 301 days and more (P < 0.01).
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Vztah negativní energetické bilance a poruch reprodukce u dojnic
Drlíčková, Zuzana
This bachelor thesis focuses on excessive negative energy balance (NEB) in dairy cows, resulting from high milk yield, and its effects on reproductive performance. The aim was to present the principles of dairy cow nutrition, the occurrence, consequences, and monitoring of NEB and to describe the interrelationships with metabolic and reproductive disorders. In the practical part, the analysis of the dairy cows (n = 177) of Holstein cattle was carried out from 1 January to 30 June 2022. The reproductive technician evaluated reproductive disorders based on the veterinary examination and sonographic examination with a linear rectal probe. Of all monitored dairy cows, retained placenta was detected in 10,73 %, uterine inflammation in 31,07 %, follicular cysts in 16,38 %, and luteal cysts in 5,65 %. The prevalence of NEB was determined using individual milk samples collected as part of performance monitoring. Samples taken on days 5 – 30 after calving and days 31 – 60 after calving were used for the analysis. A statistically significant (p < 0,05) positive correlation was found for the observed milk components (acetone, beta-hydroxybutyrate, fat/protein ratio), and a statistically significant (p < 0,01) higher concentration in the first sample after calving compared to the second sample. For selected components, threshold values indicating risk of excessive NEB and ketosis were determined: acetone concentration ≥ 0,12 mmol/l, beta-hydroxybutyrate ≥ 0,10 mmol/l, and fat/protein ratio ≥ 1,3. When evaluating the first samples after calving, the values were exceeded on average in 48,77 % of the dairy cows and 31,64 % of the dairy cows in the case of the second samples. The fat/protein ratio was used to evaluate the relationship between NEB and reproductive disorders. The threshold value (≥ 1,3) indicating the risk of NEB was exceeded in 90 dairy cows, which, compared to healthy individuals, showed a higher incidence of the retained placenta by 5,28 %, uterine inflammation by 6,85 % and follicular cysts by 5,10 %. The analysis results showed a higher incidence of ovarian cysts connected to higher productivity (p < 0,01). In first-lactation dairy cows there was statistically significantly (p < 0,01) more intense NEB than in second-lactation dairy cows and the highest incidence of uterine inflammation. The results of the work demonstrate the connection between high productivity, NEB and reproductive disorders.
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Hoof disease in dairy cows
NOVOTNÁ, Michaela
The bachelor's thesis is focused on a globally problematic topic, which is hoof disease in dairy cows. The theoretical part discusses the anatomy and physiology of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, as well as the influences that affect the structure and diseases of the hoof. Infectious and non-infectious hoof diseases and prevention are also written in this chapter. In the practical part, the number of sick dairy cows and types of hoof diseases were monitored in the company AGRA Březnice a.s. 804 cows were monitoredover a period of three years, from January 2018 to December 2020. During this observation, it was found that dermatitis and ulcer diseases of the hoofs are the most common in breeding. Hoof disease affects around 50 % of dairy cows in all lactations. In sick cows, milk yield is reduced.
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Analysis of reproductive indicators in dairy cow breeding
KOCOUR, Daniel
The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the trends in the development of reproductive indicators in specific dairy farming and to define the possible causes of the identified problems and propose measures to eliminate or resolve them. The literature review deals with the physiology of cow fertility, synchronization of estrus, hormonal or nervous control of the sexual cycle, the effect of internal and external influences on the reproduction of dairy cows, the effect of reproduction on milk yield and the economic connections associated with the reproduction of dairy cows. The analysis was carried out in the herd of Czech spotted cattle ZD Lukavec in the district of Pelhřimov. A total of 120 dairy cows that ended lactation between January 1, 2022 and December 31, 2022 were included in the monitoring. There were 40 dairy cows in the 1st lactation, 40 dairy cows in the 2nd lactation, and 40 dairy cows in the 3rd and 3rd lactations. higher lactation. In order to evaluate the effects on reproductive indicators (interval, insemination index, length of service period and intermediate period), the data set was sorted by age at first calving, parity, calving and insemination season, milk yield at laktation peak, length of the previous calving interval, RBV of sire and inseminated bulls, occurrence of mastitis and other diseases. The best reproductive results were found in dairy cows that calved for the first time between 715 and 790 days of ageThe length of the service period was the shortest among primiparous heifers. However, the order of lactation had no significant effect on the insemination index. Cows calved in the summer months (June 21, 2021 to September 23, 2021) clearly had the worst reproduction indicators. The time of year when the 1st insemination was performed, however, did not significantly affect reproductive indicators. The length of the previous interval significantly influenced only the length of the insemination interval. Cows with the lowest daily milk yield at peak lactation had the shortest service period and intermediate period. But they also had the lowest average lactation rank. The influence of the RPH of the father on the fertility of the daughters was evident only for the length of the previous intermediate period, when the daughters of bulls with the highest RPH (?106) had the shortest intermediate period (386 days). However, reproductive indicators were significantly influenced by the RPH of the inseminated bull for its own fertility.
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Vliv onemocnění paznehtů na produkční výkonnost skotu
KLABOUCHOVÁ, Taťána
Hoof disease is one of the most common health disorders of high-producing dairy cows and limits the performance and health status of animals kept in stables. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of hoof disease and its effect on the milk yield of cows in a specific dairy farm. The work evaluated the effect of the occurrence of dermatitis digitalis (DD) and specific-traumatic inflammation of the hoof (ZŠP) on parameters of milk performance (daily milk yield, fat content, protein content and number of somatic cells in milk) and on the insemination index in the herd of Holstein dairy cows in years 2021 and 2022. The data set from 1,498 dairy cows was used for the evaluation, when 15,245 performance control records were processed. First, the average values of milk yield indicators were compared one month before the diagnosis of the disease and one month after the diagnosis of the disease. In this case, a statistically significant difference was demonstrated only in the number of somatic cells (PSB) in DD, when this indicator rose from the original 275 thousand to 487 thousand somatic cells. Furthermore, indicators of milk yield were evaluated in the month after the finding according to the stage of lactation. Here, a statistically significant difference was recorded in the second stage of lactation (from the 41st to the 100th day) in the fat content of cows with ZŠP, when the fat content in cows without findings was 3.59 % and in cows with ZŠP it dropped to 3.29 %. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was recorded in the fourth stage of lactation (day 201-304 of lactation) in protein content and number of somatic cells. When the highest protein content was recorded in DD - 3.73 %, in cows without hoof disease the protein content was 3.69 % and in cows with ZŠP the protein content dropped to 3.58 %. The number of somatic cells in cows in this stage of lactation was 363 thousand in cows without hoof disease. and for cows with DD it rose to 599 thousand. Furthermore, the effect of hoof disease on the insemination index was assessed. For this indicator, no difference was found between cows without disease and those with hoof disease. However, a clear influence of the insemination technician who performed the insemination was found. When assessing the effect of the disease according to its species, an average insemination index was found for cows with DD of 2.10 and for cows with ZŠP of 2.31. However, the difference was evident only for one insemination technician.
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Měření vybraných kvalitativních parametrů mléka při dojení skotu
KAŠPAR, Roman
o ensure the quality of milked milk, it is necessary to strictly follow hygienic proce dures both during its acquisition and during treatment and storage. The diploma thesis is focused on monitoring the quality of milk in correlation with the early detection of dairy cow disease using modern technologies. The literature section introduces the general issues of milk quality. The methodology includes a comparison of the accuracy of different methods for detecting milk quality. These methods can be used to identify advanced disease or early onset disease. With early diagnosis, adequate treatment can be started quickly and save money. The highest accuracy is the results from the per formance control (KU), but these laboratory methods are costly and time consuming. The second measurement was performed using optical methods using the portable de vice Ekomilk Horizon. This method is inexpensive, but less accurate than others. The third measurement was using a milking parlor robot. This method is accurate, the pur chase price is high, but the operating cost is no longer so expensive.
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Hodnocení účinnosti systému řízení reprodukce dojnic
DURČANSKÁ, Michaela
This thesis focuses on the evaluation of various reproduction management systems applied in herds of highly-efficient dairy cows. The theoretical part describes the importance of fertility in terms of the profitability of breeding, the evaluation of fertility indicators and reproduction management systems, including managers programs for herd management. The practical part describes the records of reproduction indicators from four herds with different reproduction management and a comparison of the selected indicators for the year 2022.
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