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Fázová výživa dojnic
URSOVÁ, Lucie
The bachelor thesis is focused on the phase nutrition of dairy cows, ie nutrition in the meantime. It points out the critical phases of the transit period and early lactation, when the feed ration changes significantly and the transition from low-energy to energy feed. First, the individual nutrients of the feed are introduced, their importance and need are given. Furthermore, the phases of the intervening period, their specifics and nutritional requirements are described. This work also deals with the composition of feed rations from individual components and the appropriate use in individual periods.
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Technická řešení pro měření nádoje a kvality dojeného mléka
HUCEK, Jiří
The literary researcg deals with technical solutions for automated "in-line" measurement of milk yield and milk quality control from dairy cows. The motivation for research and development activities in this area is to improve the welfare and the health status of dairy cows, to ensure the safety of final products and increase their quality for the end consumer. The applications of systems above helps to increase the competitiveness of dairy farmers as well as product processors. In order to achieve health and fine quality milk, is necessary to comply with a number of hygienic measures, but also to follow zootechnical principles of breeding. The introductory part is devoted to the definition of milk and its composition (proteins, milk fat and vitamins). The following are physico-chemical parameters of milk, such as the electrical conductivity of milk, the number of somatic cells, the content of the urea, the fat content, the protein content, the residues of inhibitory substances and the lactose content. Futhermore, it is focused on factors that affect the milk quality. This chapter define nutrition, housing technology, sanitation of milking equipment, the influence of the breed on milk parameters and the health status of dairy cows. The methods used for milk analysis are describes below. Among of selected methods are the analysis of the milk conductivity, optical analysis and differential test for milk leukocytes. The last part deals with ICAR organization and it's regulations on the use of instruments to measure the milk yield. Then individual devices certified by ICAR for milk yield measuring are described.
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Some factors affecting milk somatic cell count
ŠPIKLOVÁ, Hana
The aim of this thesis was to compare somatic cells count (SCC) in milk depending on certain factors (month, milk system, lactation). Besides of SCC, also other parameters of milk quality were monitored. Milk sampling took place for 11 weeks in 2017 and samples were taken from 15 milked cows of the Czech Simmental breed. During the milk sampling were used two different parameters of pulsation. Pulsation adjustment significantly shortened the time of milking from 7,34 minutes in average to 6,19 minutes in average (P<0,001). After pulsation adjustment the SCC decreased from 188,000/ml to 154,000/ml as well, however, differences were not statistically significant. Concerning other factors the SCC was mostly affected by the number of lactation (P<0.01), primiparous cows had significantly lower values of the SCC (45,000/ml) that multiparous cows (237,000/ml).
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Analýza vybraných vlivů na mléčnou užitkovost a plodnost u stáda českého strakatého skotu
KROPÁČEK, Roman
The analysis of selected effects on milk yield and fertility in a herd of Czech spotted cattle deals with some effects observed on the basis of milk yield control data. The observed values are performance for standardized lactation, fat and protein content in milk, length of interval, service period and insemination interval. The age at first calving and its effect on milk yield as last factor. In period 2016 - 2018 are compared diary cows in their first three lactations. In the first part of the Bachelor thesis the history is processed and brief description of Czech spotted cattle. The following chapters deal with milk yield and fertility and selected factors mentioned above. The experimental part of the work presents the company where the observation was performed. The results are evaluated and presented into tables and graphs and then compared with the national results and according to the available literature.
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Zhodnocení reprodukčních ukazatelů ve vybraném stádě skotu
KUBECOVÁ, Monika
Prosperous reproduction is the basis for every successful breedinf, i tis the most important factor, which testifiest the overall quality of breeding. In the Czech Republic. reproductive indicators are currently deteriorating. The aim of the work was to prepare a literature review of cattle reproduction, influences on eproduction and to characterize the breed Czech spotted cattle,. The aim of the monitored set of dairy cows of Czech spotted cattle was to evaluate tho effects on selected fertility indicators and evaluate them. In the selected breeding of Czech spotted cattle were evaluated selcted indicators of reproduction (interval, service period, insemination interval) of selected dairy cows (120 pieces) were evaluated for the monitored period of 2 years, from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018. These indicators werw further evaluated according to individual factors (influence of lactation order, influence of milk yield and influence of age at 1st calving)
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Výživa dojnic v daném zemědělském podniku
NEUGEBAUEROVÁ, Eva
This bachelor thesis is focused on the quality and level of nutrition of high-yielding dairy cows of Czech spotted cattle. The work is divided into two parts. The first part consist of theoretical base of researching issues. Practical part is focused on evaluate factors participating on the quality and level of feeding and nutrition of dairy cows in clinical practice.
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Potential utilization automatic weighing cattle to evaluation health and nutritious condition of herd.
SMUTNÁ, Šárka
The aim of the dissertation was to develop a methodology for evaluating the health and nutritional status of a dairy herd based on data from an automated liveweight weighing system. A weighing unit in the Astronaut A3 milking robot from Lely was used to obtain dairy cow weight data. Two farms with Holstein dairy cows were selected for monitoring. 55 dairy cows were selected to determine the general equation of the weight curve. The weight curve was divided into 5 significant points. Of the diseases, only ketosis was present on the weight curve. The worked methodology is ready to build an algorithm to program the module for weighing dairy cows.
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Výživa dojnic v peripartálním období
PAČESOVÁ, Kristýna
This thesis concerns about dairy cow nutrition before birth and shortly after birth. In this thesis is briefly described the physiology of digestion and food fermentation process, basic nutrition of dairy cows and individual phases of the transition period. The characteristics of the basic nutrients and used feed point out to the importance of the correct assembly of the feeding program. Unsuitable or insufficient nutrition of dairy cows in this phase leads to postpartum complications. In the consecutive parts of this thesis is described the nutrition during the dry period, the usage of feed aditives and the correct composition of feeding program in the individual stages of dairy cows gestation period. In the conclusion are summarized the main conditions for proper feeding of dairy cows and the composition of feeding program, the suitable concentration of feed energy in the individual stages of the dry period and recomended feeding of the feed aditives.
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Ekonomická analýza plodnosti u stáda dojeného skotu
MAČLOVÁ, Jaroslava
The aim of the work was to evaluate the milk production and fertility of the herd of Czech piebald cattle and to express the economic impact of the use of various breeding bulls used for breeding. The results of milk yield and insemination were evaluated in the years 2017 - 2018 for the last closed lactation sequence in the groups according to the order of lactation (1st lactation, 2nd lactation, 3rd lactation, 4th and next lactation). The indicators were evaluated for the three most commonly used breeding bulls. The average efficiency by the lactation sequence was in the 1st lactation 5143 kilogrammes of milk (P 0.001), the 2nd lactation 6520 kilogrammes of milk (P 0.01), the 3rd lactation 8186 kilogrammes of milk (P 0.001) and in the 4th and next lactation 7855 kilogrammes of milk. The efficiency of the whole herd was 6856 kilogrammes of milk contains 4.09% of fat and 3.46% of proteins. The avarige age at the first calving was 945 days, the length of the herd´s interval was 416 days, the insemination interval was 93 days and the service period was 129 days. The success rate of the 1st insemination in 2017 was 75%, in 2018 74%. The success rate of all insemination was 69% in both years. The costs of insemination of the whole herd with using all bulls in 2017 was 618 CZK and in 2018 was 577 CZK. Was found economic difference in using individual breeding bulls included in reprodudtion in a given herd.
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Analysis of dairy milk yields related to changes in livestock breeding environment in ZD Rodvínov
TLACHNOVÁ, Nikola
The aim of this diploma thesis was to analyze milk performance in two centers of Cooperative farm Rodvínov (in Zdešov and in Bednárec) and to find out the level of milk performance in different breeding conditions. The analysis was divided into two parts. Analysis No. 1 was comparing two centers of the farm with different breeding environment in 2012-2015. In Zdešov, the cows were reared in cubicle sheds (capacity 500 cows) and were milked twice a day in 2 x 12 herringbone milking parlor. In Bednárec, dairy cows were reared in an older cubicle shed K96 and K64 (capacity 160 cows), on straw bedding., and grazing during the grazing season and milking twice a day in 2 x 6 tandem parlor. In Bednárec, dairy cows achieved better results in the milk performance, in the fatness of milk, production of fat and protein. A statistically significant difference was confirmed in content ( = 0.001; p 0.001) and fat production ( = 0.05; p < 0.05) in a favor of dairy cows in Bednárec. A statistically significant difference was also confirmed in the milk performance of the same breeding groups reared in the different environment. Analysis No. 2 was monitoring the milk performance of dairy cows in Bednárec between years 2015 to 2018, divided in two periods. Period A - without change of breeding environment and period B - with changes in breeding environment and animal welfare. The first change was the movement of the dairy cows to the year-round pasture run. The second change was the commissioning of the new 2 x 12 side by side milking parlor and final movement to a new modern large-capacity stable (capacity 312 cows). There was no significant difference in the average milk performance of dairy cows depending on the change of breeding environment. During the changes, there was a statistically significant extension of the between calving period and the extension of the 1st calving age. Effect of stress caused by the environment and wellfare changes wasn't statistically significant for the level of milk performance of dairy cows. For the level of milk performance was more important the quality level of breeding management, finding cows in heat and insemination during the period of changes.
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