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Onemocnění paznehtů u holštýnského skotu
KLABOUCHOVÁ, Taťána
The health status of dairy cows has a direct impact on milk production and the related breeding economy. Any disruption of the health of the dairy cows reduces milk yield and negative affects the economy of breeding. Maintaining good limb health in dairy cows i sone of the most important tasks of production and preventive veterinary medicine. The bachelor's thesis is focused on the occurence of hoof diseases on three dairy farms breeding Holstein cattle. Monitoring took place in the years 2018 - 2020. A total of 2 163 dairy cows were included in the follow-upm divided into 5 groups according to the order of lactation. The most common diseases were specific-traumatic inflammations of the hoof joint, where their incidence ranged from 7,9 % to 14,8 %. Another disease assessed was digital dermatitis, which occured from 7,28 % to 14,24 % during the monitored years. The last disease studied was necrobacillosis. This occured on farms ranging from 1,22 % to 4,74 %. The work also decribes the characteristics of the Holstein cattle, the anatomy of the hoof, treatment and prevention of individual diseases, as well as the factors influencing the development of hoof disease.
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Využití termokamery při monitoringu onemocnění paznehtů
DUDÁK, Pavel
The diploma thesis is focused on the use of modern technologies in limb diseases in herds of high-yielding dairy cows. The main goal of the diploma thesis is to verify the reliability of hoof disease detection in dairy cows using a thermal camera. By early detection of a change in the health of the hoof, it is possible to start treatment immediately. This reduces costs to treat and reduce milk production losses.
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Pohybová aktivita a přežvykování dojnic ve vztahu k jejich skupinové rutině životních projevů a vybraným fyziologickým funkcím
RŮŽKOVÁ, Michaela
This diploma thesis was focused on monitoring physical activity, rumination and changes in the routine behavior of dairy cows in relation to their health, milk yield and reproduction. Two herds of dairy cows in the company Zemědělské obchodní družstvo Mrákov, in the farms Tlumačov and Starý Klíčov, were selected to monitor the rumination and physical activity. The SCR Heatime ? PRO device was used to monitor these activities. Dairy cows were monitored from June 2019 to February 2020. The obtained data were processed in terms of mutual relations between individual indicators, taking into account changes in microclimatic conditions during the year.
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Zdravotní a produkční účinek imunomodulačního preparátu Imrestoru u vysokoužitkových dojnic
NEZNÍKOVÁ, Kateřina
This thesis deals with evaluation of the impact of immunomodulatory preparation Imrestor (Elanco Animal Health) on the health and production of high-producing dairy cows in the transition period. The experiment was done in the agricultural company Košetice in the district of Pelhřimov on dairy cows of the Holstein breed. The animals selected for the experiment were divided into two groups - control and experimental. Imrestor was applied subcutaneously to the dairy cows of the experimental group approximately one week before calving and on the day of calving. The active component of this preparation is a commercial form of a naturally occurring cytokine (bG - CSF), which specifically affects on the neutrophil precursor cells and increases their production. Blood samples were taken from all cows included in the experiment to evaluate the effect of the preparation Imrestor. At the same time was monitored their clinical health and the incidence of the most common diseases in the transition period. 81 blood samples were taken from 31 dairy cows from the control group and from 18 dairy cows from the experimental group. A biochemical and hematological examination was performed in the laboratory, where the parameters of red blood cells, trombocyte count, leukocyte count, leukocyte percentage, biochemical indicators of blood plasma and mineral content were determined. By statistical evaluation was found, that Imrestor statistically highly significantly (p <0.01) affected leukocyte counts and the percentage of neutrophil granulocytes and lymphocytes. Statistically significant differences (p <0.05) between the observed groups of dairy cows were found in the trombocyte count, percentage of monocytes and alkaline phosphatase activity.
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Charakteristika a výkonnost paralelní dojírny
KOPENEC, Jiří
The topic of the diploma thesis was "Characteristics and performance of a parallel milking parlor". The literature search contains a description of the history of milking, human and animal behavior, requirements for the construction and function of milking equipment, physiological bases of milking, types of milking parlors and current trends in milking technology. The main goal of the practical part was to select a company and describe the technology of dairy farming, stable facility and its technological equipment, parallel milking parlor, herd, number of dairy cows, breed and performance. Measure daily milking time, in the waiting room, in the milking stall and milking time for a selected group of dairy cows and monitor the total number of cows milked per day, total milking time, milk yield and milking parlor performance. Finally, evaluate the values found with the values given by the manufacturers and in the literature.
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Vliv způsobu nakládání na přesnost nakládky míchacích krmných vozů
ŠŤASTNÝ, Filip
The subject of the diploma thesis is Influence of loading method on loading accuracy of mixing feed wagons. The teoretical section describes the technologies used in feeding cattle. Both, technology from the past and especially modern technology. An overview of mixing feed wagons is listed, especially in terms of loading and unloading. In the practical part of the diploma thesis there is a comparison of two different feed wagons from the brand Faresin and Trioliet. The comparison focuses mainly on the loading and unloading of feed. The data will be recorded in a programmable weighing computer system integrated in each mixing wagon used. The thesis contains a brief description of both computer programs. The obtained data are recorded in tables and graphs for better overview.
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Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of mastitis using on-farm cultivation
KRATOCHVÍL, Martin
Mastitis is one of the most expensive diseases of dairy cattle and their treatment is also the most common cause of antibiotic use on a farm. Farm cultivation is currently one of the ways to improve the decision-making process in the treatment of mastitis. The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the treatment procedures using farm cultivation and to make an economic evaluation of mastitis on a selected farm of dairy cattle.The experimental observation of a herd of dairy black-spotted Holstein cattle to assess the treatment of mastitis took place in two monitoring periods: without farm cultivation (BFK); with farm cultivation (SFK). A significant difference in the number of cured cases and cases of reinfections was found between the observed periods. While 60.6% of mastitis cases were cured during the BFK period and 30.4% of cases were reinfected, in the SFK period 87.1% of dairy cows were healed and only 12.9% of them were reinfected. The total financial costs associated with mastitis were almost the same in both periods. The highest item was milk losses. It can be positively assessed that the involvement of farm cultivation did not significantly increase the costs associated with the treatment of mastitis. The introduction of a farm cultivation system into an antimastitis program had a very positive effect on the effectiveness of the treatment performed on the monitored farm. The main benefit was a significant reduction in the number of reinfections and an increase in the number of successfully cured dairy cows, while maintaining almost the same treatment costs.
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The effect of the light period on milk yield and fertility of dairy cows
VRBOVÁ, Aneta
The main objective of the study was to ascertain fertility and milk productivity of dairy cows raised under the conditions of modern technology in the context of micro-climactic features and the quality of housing. The observation occurred from 1. 1. 2013 to 31. 12. 2014 in Cooperative Farm Pluhův Žďár and 150 dairy cows of the Holstein cattle were observed. The program Statistica 12 (StatSoft?) was used to evaluate observed values. Data characterisation was conducted through the use of descriptive statistics, and, furthermore, a correlation analysis and a chi-square test were used. During the evaluation of the micro-climate of the stables, it was detected that the average temperatures of the environment shifted from 7.90 °C to 27.03 °C. Relative humidity was measured in the range of 73.44 % and 86.84 %. THI achieved values from 45,11 to 68.93. The milk yield correlated negatively with the temperature during autumn months (r = - 0.377) and a negative correlation was also found in relation to the relative humidity (r = - 0.356) and a similar relation existed between the THI and the milk yield (r = - 0.409). The influence of the length of the photoperiod on milk productivity showed itself to be positive in the cases of all groups of observed dairy cows. The group of cows at the 1st lactation increased milk productivity by 4.7 % the cows at the 2nd lactation showed an increase of milk productivity by 12.6 % and the dairy cows at the 3rd and further lactations provided an increase of milk yield of 18 %. The influence of the length of the photoperiod on conception was not statistically conclusive (p = 0.100), but there was a tendency pointing to worse conception results when automatic lighting was used as opposed to when the natural photoperiod was used. With the temperature on the day of conception taken into consideration, the rate of conception ranged between 27 % and 51 % in the periods of 24 and 48 hours before insemination. There was a tendency of a better conception in the group of primiparous cows in the temperature range over 15.1 °C in comparison with the group of cows at the 2nd and further lactations. The influence of the temperature of the environment on conception after first insemination 24 and 48 hours before the insemination itself was statistically conclusive (p < 0.05). A positive influence of an extended photoperiod on rumination was found among all groups of observed dairy cows. The dairy cows at the 1st lactation increased their ruminative activity by 42 minutes and the group of older cows by 25 minutes in 24 hours. The greatest difference between these two groups was observed during the winter months (XII-II), during which time the dairy cows ruminated longer by 21.7 % on average in comparison with the natural photoperiod (p < 0.001).
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Vliv vybraných ukazatelů chovného prostředí na úroveň welfare dojeného skotu
JAROLÍMKOVÁ, Alžběta
The diploma focuses on an assessment of welfare, technology and technological systems related to an efficiency and health condition of dairy cattle in selected farms in the Czech republic. Farming and veterinary database had been used in the process of compiling the diploma content; and screening methods to assess a welfare level in dairy cows herds. Stables for dairy cows must be in a dispositional, technical and operational compliance with the applied farm technology, in order to keep air circulation, dustiness, temperature and relative air humidity, gas concentration, lighting and noise levels within the safe limits. Any of the farm technological systems must not affect health condition and well-being of animals. Environment, providing animals conditions allowing natural behavior, rest and intake of food and water, creates a foundation for sustaining an appropriate welfare level of cattle as a significant prerequisite for reaching optimal productional a reproductional indicators. Even though there was no significant statistical difference documented (p >0,05) between monitored farms in selected indicators, an analysis of mutual dependency has been conducted between the environment level and some productional and reproductional indicators and health conditions of cattle.
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Vybrané vlivy na reprodukci plemenic holštýnského skotu
ŠPAČKOVÁ, Vladislava
The work deals with the evaluation of selected effects on reproduction of Holstein cattle breeds. The aim of the study was to evaluate reproductive parameters (insemination index, insemination interval, period service, interim, pregnancy after the first insemination) in a selected group of dairy cows. These reproductive indicators were subsequently evaluated depending on genotype, performance level, lactation order and age at first calving and used synchronization methods. The evaluation took place at the Vřesce farm, belonging to company Rynagro a.s. 260 Holstein breed cows and their hybrids were included. The results showed that some reproductive indicators (insemination interval, service period and interim) of the monitored group of dairy cows were lower than the average of the Czech Republic. When evaluating the genotype effect on reproductive parameters, a highly significant effect (p<0.01) of genotype on insemination interval was found. Holstein breed cows had a 7-day higher insemination interval than other crosses. In evaluating the effect of daily milk yield was not proven statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in period servis and interim. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in insemination index, insemination interval and pregnancy after the first insemination were proven in the performance evaluation. The p-value of the global null hypothesis was close to 0.05 and no significant differences between the compared groups were demonstrated in the subsequent multiple comparison. The effect of the order of lactation on reproductive parameters was not proven (p>0.05). However, interesting results were found by the impact of age at first calving. There was a statistically highly significant difference (p<0.01) between the groups in the insemination interval and the interim and a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the groups in the service period. Cows with a first calving age 23 months had all of these indicators lowest, the highest values were found within cows with a first calving age of 28 months. After evaluating the correlation analysis, a significant effect of age at first calving on insemination interval (p<0.05; r=0.13), on interim (p<0.01; r=0.17) and period service (p<0.01; r=0.17). Synchronization methods were used in 125 cows and the overall success rate after this treatment was 47%. The most commonly used protocol was the Ovsynch method. The calculations based on the extension of the service period quantified the theoretical loss for the extended cycle of dairy cows. This loss is 7 030, - CZK per cow and takes into account the losses for milk and the unborn calf, not the cost of further insemination and treatment of cows.
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