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The Use of Recycled Building Materials for Wastewater Treatment
Zedník, Ondřej ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The constantly tightening wastewater treatment legislation require high-quality runoff from small-scale producers of pollution who are typically represented by small municipalities up to 500 inhabitants or decentralized parts of larger municipalities. Small municipalities are faced with high investment-intensity associated with the acquisition of new wastewater treatment plant. After several years of development, today natural technologies of wastewater treatment are in competition with mechanical-biological treatment plants. Natural technologies can even achieve better results than popular biological treatment plants. However, natural technology does not eliminate the main investment limit connected with the acquisition of wastewater treatment plant. If there was cheaper solution connected with using alternative filter materials (in our case recycled construction and demolition waste), small municipalities could take constructed wetland without large subsides. At the same time, the use of recycled construction and demolition wastes will lead to benefits in the field of sustainable urban development and replacement of non-renewable materials. Despite these benefits, recycled aggregates have never been considered as alternative filter materials for natural wastewater treatment plants. For that reason, the aim of diploma thesis is to assess the possibility of applying recycled aggregates for wastewater treatment which will include evaluation of real trial operation.
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Design of the technology of the constructed treatment wetland for the municipality up to 500 EO
Suchánek, Pavel ; Mrvová, Michaela (referee) ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on creation of complex design of constructed wetland for village Bezděčí near Trnávka, which needs to solve the problem of wastewater management. The introductory part of the thesis, which is focused on the research of professional knowledge and information, familiarizes with the problematics of constructed wetlands, focuses on description of technological objects of the constructed wetlands and the description of their functions. Relevant legislation is also mentioned because knowledge of legislation is necessary for the project. The following part of this diploma thesis deals with the design of the constructed wetland itself. Solution of the design is based on the best available technologies that deliver high-quality research results into practice. The proposed root plant meets all the requirements for the quality of the discharged water according to the relevant legislation. An important part of the diploma thesis are annexes, which contain a completely elaborated project documentation for the issuance of a joint permit for the purpose of realization of the new building of a constructed wetland plant for the village Bezděčí near Trnávka.
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The Study of Intensification of the Constructed Treatment Wetland for the Village of Machová
Zedník, Ondřej ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The village Machová (650 inhabitants) operates a combined sewage system which leads to a treatment wetland. This wastewater treatment plant faces similar problems like most of treatment wetlands from the turn of the last century - it has a low efficiency of the removal of ammonia nitrogen N-NH4 + which causes a negative impact on the watercourses and the environment. The study deals with the technical modification of the operating line which would eliminate the abovementioned problems and solves the sludge treatment in treatment plant. Population growth in the village connected with the construction of sanitary sewer will cause high concentrations of pollution in the inflow. The proposed modification uses the latest scientific knowledge and proven technologies which were created by the Institute of Landscape Water Management. These technologies will secure the low effluent concentrations of monitored parameters not only today but also in case the population of the village will grow.
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The study of realization of the constructed treatment wetland for Jankovice village
Ujházy, Adriana ; Mrvová, Michaela (referee) ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with a study of the constructed wetland in the village Jankovice (Holesov), where they has not had a treatment plant yet. The first part of bachelor thesis is focused on informations and research studies, introducing to problems of constructed wetlands. In this part the the principles of technology are explained and the individual treatment stages in wetland are described. The second part of thesis describes the design study of the wastewater treatment plant in Jankovice u Holesova. It includes information about the village and a proposal of the individual treatment processes. The design study assumes two variants of the constructed treatment wetland location, at the end is recommended one of them. According to the current standard, the individual technological stages of wetland are pre-designed, financial costs are also estimated. The whole solution is drawn in the situation and completed by a height technical drawing. The aim of this thesis is to propose a properly functioning root waste water treatment plant for the municipality of up to 500 PE.
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Removal of lead from wastewater using a constructed wetland
JAHODOVÁ, Jana
Removal of lead from municipal wastewater using a constructed wetland with a horizontal subsurface flow was studied. Wastewater, wetland plant and sediment samples were analyzed using an AAS Thermo Scientific iCE 3500. Average concentrations of lead in inflow and outflow water in 2015 were 1.47 and 0.74 ?g/l, respectively. Average concentrations of lead in inflow and outflow water in 2016 were 0.75 and 0.38 ?g/l. The average efficiency of lead removal was 49.2 %. Lead concentrations in vegetation (Phragmites australis) varied in the range of 0.081-0.087 mg/kg and 0.48-0.17 mg/kg for the above and belowground biomass, respectively. Lead concentration in sediments were 9.79 and 4.86 mg/kg at distances of 1 and 10 m from inflow zone. Lead and other heavy metals were predominantly removed from wastewater at the initial part of the wetland bed.
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Possibilities of technical implementation of intensification the constructed treatment wetland
Suchánek, Pavel ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (referee) ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (advisor)
The Bachelors thesis is a study of three variants of solution of reconstruction and intensification of specific constructed wetland. Request for reconstruction of existing cleaner facility arose from an observer, who demanded increasing of cleaning efficiency because of expected changes on sewer. The introductory part deals with a theoretical summary of expert knowledge and information, which are responsible for familiarization with problematics of constructed wetland. Just the information about reconstructions of others constructed wetlands could be essential for solving this thesis. Based on the results of the progress and effectiveness of the proposed changes, it is possible to be inspired for further solutions. Practical part of thesis is a separate study, within which were proposed three variants of solution. Variants differ in economic and technical difficulty and are linked to each other. The first one is the least difficult option and serves only for maintain temporary state. The second variant includes complex reconstruction of the object using a vertical filter and ensures effective removal of observed pollution parameters (Suspended solids, COD, BOD, N-NH4+). The third option, economically and technologically the most demanding, should moreover chemically precipitate phosphorus. For clarity of the proposal were all variants compiled in 3D model. The aim of thesis was to elaborate several variants of solution of reconstruction and intensification of existing constructed wetland Biskoupky so that the operator can choose the one that suits him at most, taking into account the investment aspect.
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The comparison of two waste water treatment systems - constructed wetlands and mechanical.
Dudíková, Kristýna ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Vymazal, Jan (referee)
This thesis is focused to the comparison of two wastewater treatment systems - constructed wetlands and mechanical-biological wastewater treatment plant. The main goal of the theses is to compare two types of wastewater treatment systems and to evaluate hypothesis that constructed wetlands are cheaper and more efficient than mechanical-biological wastewater treatment plant. To be able to compare two various wastewater treatment systems 18 (9 constructed wetlands and 9 mechanical-biological plants, three size groups of both types of plants) wastewater treatment plant were chosen and compared. The treatment effectiveness, investment and operating costs, advantages and disadvantages of both the systems were compared. The information about all individual systems was obtained from the local municipalities, operators and partially from the Ministry of Environment of CR. Obtained data involved treatment technology, amount of annual treated water, building data and capital and operating costs. In some waste water treatment plant (WWTP) the water samples were taken and the analyses of chosen parameters (not measured in WWTP) were done. Once in 2010 year the samples of water, sediments and sludges were taken and the analyses of heavy metals was done. For assessment of operational problems in constructed...
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Study of Constructed Treatment Wetland Reconstruction for Dražovice Village
Roupec, Ladislav ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The constructed wetlands, which have been being created in the Czech Republic since early 90s, are designed so they do not allow successful removal of ammonia nitrogen. Almost all of these 300 registered constructed wetlands suffer from the colmatage which leads to the lowest effectiveness of treatment in nearly all parameters. The main effort of the Institute of landscape water management is to get rid of bad reputation and to clarify the reason that leads to unsatisfactory conditions of constructed wetlands. The diploma thesis focuses on the selected constructed wetland in Dražovice (850 EO), which removes ammonia nitrogen with the effect just below the limit values in the long term. The pressure of the Morava river basin and Department of environment (Building Authority in Bučovice) has led to the necessity of taking measures leading to the increase of treatment efficiency especially ammonia nitrogen. The diploma thesis includes both, actual project documentation concentrating on the adjustment of watercourse to nitrify ammonia nitrogen, and effective choice of suitable filtration material supported by testing method in situ. The practical part of the thesis deals with the implementation of the technical solution according to the project documentation. The adjustment of the constructed wetland is now nearly before completion. Last adjustments will be taking place during the spring 2017, the final inspection as well as the evaluation of the reconstruction will take place at the end of this year.
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Concentration of cobalt in wastewater and its removal using a constructed wetland
PIVONKOVÁ, Eliška
The presented bachelor's thesis discusses monitoring of wastewater in a vegetation wastewater treatment plant in the village Slavošovice, Czech Republic and an efficiency of cobalt removal from wastewater. Cobalt concentration in wastewater was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry. The analyzed wastewater samples were taken from different parts of the constructed wetland's system in the period from March to September 2015. The obtained results enabled to calculate the efficiency of cobalt removal from wastewater.
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Concentration of nickel in wastewater and its removal using a constructed wetland
KOUKLÍKOVÁ, Etela
This bachelor thesis is focused on the determination of the efficiency of the nickel removal from wastewater using constructed wetlands. During 2015, wastewater from the vegetation wastewater treatment plant in the villageSlavošovice was analyzed. Nickel concentration in wastewater was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Samples of wastewater were taken eight times from six different parts of the wetland. The obtained results of the wastewater analysis I evaluated the degree of the nickel removal in the profile of the vegetation wastewater treatment plant. The analysis was conducted using an atomic absorption spectrometer Thermo Scientific iCE 3500. The characteristics of the analytical method were as follows: accuracy (97.64%), precision (3.53%), sensitivity (9 x 10-3 s.l/g), limit of detection (LOD = 0.161 ?g /l), limit of quantification (LOQ = 0.537 ?g/l), linear dynamic range (0,537 - 10 ?g/l) and correlation coefficient (0.9992). The concentration of nickel obtained from samples from the inflow zone differed by several tenths or units of ?g/l compared to the inflow concentration value. The nickel of concentration at the outflow from the system was decreased by units of ?g/l compared to the inflow. The gradual decrease of the concentration of nickel was observed for the samples taken from the profile of the constructed wetland vegetated bed. The obtained results document the sufficient efficiency of the nickel removal from municipal wastewater in Slavošovice constructed wetland. The outflowing water, guided to a nearby stream, contains lower concentrations of nickel in comparison with the raw wastewater. With respect to aquatic organisms, it is very important to reduce the concentration of nickel in treated wastewater. Actually, the nickel toxicity for aquatic organisms is much higher than for humans.
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