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Ethical aspects of prenatal diagnosis
ŠIROKÁ, Barbora
The thesis deals with the applications of ethical principles in prenatal diagnosis. The introduction is devoted to the phenomenon of life and its aspects. The professional medical part characterises the preimplantation and prenatal diagnosis and methods used during the care of pregnant. The ethical part of the thesis describes the origin, the approaches and concepts of bioethics. Further it defines each of bioethical principles which are based on bioethics. At the end of the third chapter various aspects and problems of medical ethics are shown. The aim of the last chapter of this thesis is the ethical reflection in which the different diagnostic methods are examined in terms of bioethical principles. It´s followed by analyzing the current situation ethics of prenatal diagnosis in the Czech Republic. Comparison of different opinions from professionals in this field is interesting and surprising. The fourth chapter is concluded with specific case studies of pregnant women. Conclusions include evaluation and comparison of available information and express my own view on the issue.
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Birth and termination of unborn life
LUŇÁKOVÁ, Jana
The thesis deals with the problem of the origin of human life and abortion. It focuses on different approaches to the question as to when unborn human life becomes a person, and, consequently, when it should be guaranteed the right to life. The thesis is divided into four main chapters corresponding to four main aspects of the issue of abortion. The first chapter provides information from embryological (biological creation of man) and medical (abortion) perspective. The second chapter deals with the abortion legislation in the Czech Republic (history and current situation). The third chapter examines different ethical questions such as identity of the person, the right to decide about their own body, etc. The last chapter gives an account on person and abortion from the Christian point of view.
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Theologian - polemist Antonin Lenz (1829-1901). The Beginnings of Theological Anthropology in Bohemian Countries.
VEBER, Tomáš
Tomáš Veber´s dissertation thesis is recording the beginnings of theological anthropology in Bohemian countries. These are reflected at Antonín Lenz writings. Antonín Lenz (1829 ? 1901) was the professor of theology in České Budějovice, later the residentiary and the prior on Vyšehrad. He entered his name in history, as a pioneer of neotomism. He wrote and thought in spirit of neotomistic theology long time before the publishing of the papal encyclical Aeterni patris (1879), written by Leo XIII. The author is introducing Antonín Lenz not only as theologian, but also as important polemist, arguing against the liberals, and as critic of turbulent progress too. This thesis is presenting some new reports to history of theology, as well as Church history and history of 19th century in general.
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Ethical problems in organ´s extraction towards transplantation
ESCOBAR CASTILLO, Javier Jesus
The present bachelor thesis is concerned with organ transplantation with the view to the associated ethic problems. The theoretical part consists of the introduction into the problems of this fast developing medical field, and refers to the legislative treatment of organ transplantation in the Czech Republic. The outlined transplantation process as a medical branch is the basis from which a number of social issues arise {--} issues related to morals, the law, and human relations and similar. The conclusion of the theoretical part formulates the aforesaid issues as the principal ethic problems: the subject of death, a consent or refusal with the post-mortem organ donation, organ trade and the selection of transplant candidates in the register. Moreover, the theoretical part compares different approaches to organ transplantations adopted in other countries, together with recommendations of the European Union. The thesis emphasizes the fact that to comprehend these sensitive ethic issues the public need to be informed, so the social consensus can be reached. The aim of the thesis is to determine the predispositions of the students of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies to donate organs, or their willingness to accept organs in the role of ill recipients. The adopted working hypotheses lay in such assumptions that on the one hand, students{\crq} approach to organ donation tends to be negative should they become donors; and, on the other hand, their approach is positive should they become recipients themselves. Another hypothesis assumed a certain lack of knowledge of the organ transplantation problems on the students{\crq} part, the fact of which renders the distribution of important information among the public virtually impossible. The research was conducted by means of questionnaires. The research results acquired from students were compared with the latest nationwide survey carried out by Factum Invenio, the marketing service company which is professionally concerned with such surveys. Needless to say, the abovementioned hypotheses were not confirmed by our research. On the contrary, the research ascertained high altruism and revealed a relatively good grasp of the organ transplant problems in most of the respondents. These facts are even more noticeable when compared with the nationwide research. Our research proved that students neither have ethic problems with the organ donation itself, nor with the ethically controversial and legislatively established strategy of obtaining organs: the strategy that saves human lives. Apparently, our respondents{\crq} moral standards of social justice are higher than those of the public as a whole. If our respondents spread their awareness of the problems among the public in concert with their viewpoints, they could contribute to the hope for a meaningful life with a transplanted organ of a diseased person on the waiting list.
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Ethical linkage of the right to the awareness of the patient´s health
SAMCOVÁ, Daniela
This bachelor paper is called {\clqq}ethical links of the patients` right to be informed of their state of health``. This work consists of a theoretic part and a research part. The theoretic part describes the present state of the given subject. I mention here some important terms and the history of this topic. There also belongs, among others, informed consent and hermeneutic aspect of health care. The research part deals with hypotheses and the results of the followup research. The research was carried out at surgical and gynaecological and obstetrical wards. Respondents were deliberately recruited from among patients, nurses and doctors so that I could compare the responds of the three questioned groups. The aim of my paper is to check to what extents the rights of patients to chose which of the close people be informed of their state of health are respected form the point of view of ethics. I also try to find out in this paper if patients are contented with they are informed about methods and course of tretment and with the communication betwen them and nurses and doctors and present them in graphs for clearer arrangement.
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