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PROBLEMS OF DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING IN THE OBEZITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROM
VLKOVÁ, Renata
Metabolic syndrome is characterised by a combination of metabolic disorders and diseases with very serious consequences. Obesity is defined as being overweight with a high proportion of fatty tissue. According to the WHO, obesity is considered a serious epidemic of the 21st century. The aim of this work is to summarise mentioned issues from the available literature and to describe individual imaging modalities in diagnostic radiology related to metabolic syndrome, together with the evaluation of fat tissue distribution in the abdominal area, including its changes, after nutritional education and treatment in a monitored patient group. Participants have been randomised for the study group from the Centre for Adult Obesity and their BMI had to exceed 25. The main requirements were a voluntary cooperation, non-pharmacological methods of obesity treatment and weight limited to 140 kg. All of the addressed patients have shown their interest and willingness to continue this cooperation in the future.
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Demands on radiology assistants at three-dimension visualization
ČECH, Svatopluk
Fast development of three-dimension visualization in radiology relates to more sophisticated diagnostic machines, with the development of computer technology and digitizing. Increasing demands on radiology assistants in operating programs of reconstruction images increase the importance of their position at modern radiology workplace. Three-dimension images offer exact and undistorted images of patient's anatomy, they give better diagnostic information for physicians - radiologists and more objective imagination for physicians - clinicians. They find the application in a number of examinations in skiagraphy, angiography, computer tomography, magnetic resonance and ultrasonography. We can say that three-dimension visualization substitutes other examination which are invasive and represent certain complications for a patient. The question is whether some three-dimension examination can reduce radiation load of a patient. We can suppose that digital imaging methods will be part of near future and three-dimension visualization and further development of computer technique will acquire still more impact in diagnostic of many diseases.
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The role of radiographer during MR angiography
ZBĚHLÍKOVÁ, Pavla
The role of radiographer during MR angiography Objectives: The thesis and the tutorial CD provide information on the magnetic resonance angiography {--} MRA. Due to upgraded hardware and software and the non-invasive character of the examination the method is currently the most common form of the imaging of flowing blood in vessels. It is essential for a radiographer to acquire comprehensive knowledge of the basic principles and techniques of MRA. The objective of my thesis was to find out if the method can be used not only for a high-quality imaging of the arteries but also for subsequent therapeutical procedures. Methodology: The research was conducted with 106 patients (66 men and 40 women) whose lower limb arteries had been tested by MRA between 1 January and 31 December 2007 at the Multiscan RC Pardubice. I determined the number of patients who had undergone a therapeutical procedure after the MRA test (operations on arteries, percutaneous transluminal angioplastics) and assessed to what degree the MRA examination had been sufficient for the surgery. Results: In 91 % out of 46 patients indicated for therapeutical procedures the results obtained by MRA enabled other treatment or a surgical procedure. Only in 9 % patients the results obtained by MRA were not sufficient for other medical treatment and suplementary examinations such as the diagnostic digital subtraction angiography were necessary. Conclusions: MRA is a non-invasive medical diagnostic technique to visualize the blood in vessels which provide satisfactory accuracy without exposing the patient to any ionizing radiation. The results are used for other treatments. Radiographers who master the MRA techniques avoid mistakes that might devalue the test. Key words: digital subtraction angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, percutaneous transluminal angioplastics, radiographer {--} radiologic technologist.
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Diagnosis and endovascular treatment of iliac and femoropopliteal occlusive disease
PĚČKOVÁ, Kristýna
The occlusion disorder in the area pelvic and femoral arteries should be for the patient fatal health complication. Therefore it is important know all risks, which should go before, know the disorder and last but not least is a crucial chapter diagnostics and in final phase treatment. I chose this subject, with the view of give to pertinent readers all above - mentioned information on those problems. For diagnostics of occlusion disorder we use imaging radiodiagnostic methods. For spatial display were developed method of spiral CT angiography ( CTA ), magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA ), a modification of classical angiography {--} digital subtraction angiography ( DSA ) and ultrasonografi (UZ). UZ is part of the basic investigate method of his noninvazive. Spiral CTA is method, which is based on two and three dimensional display using special programmes. Display magnetic resonance is noninvasive examination procedure and is derived from classical nuclear MR. MRA is once from possible examination practice which serves complex information on relation surrounding weaving to vessels and haemodynamic blood flow. DSA allows observation of flow vessels and by the help of digitizing image its graphical processing. Medication of okluziv disorder areas saucepan s and femur s arterys including percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( PTA ) and implantation stent.
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Small bowel´s examination methods
NAGY, Markéta
Imaging methods play an essential role in the diagnostic algorithm by determining the disease character in any part of the human body. For the diagnostic small intestine diseases we use as classic X-ray methods as modern modalities. In introduce I mention history, morphology and physiology of small intestine. Than I describe summary about X-ray and non X-ray examination methods of small intestine (from basic methods to those special). Among basic examination methods of small intestine belong for example X-ray of abdomen, ultrasonography, passage throw small intestine and enteroclyse. Special examinations are CT enteroclyse, nuclear medicine examination, MR enteroclyse, angiography, enteroscopy and capsle endoscopy (CE). After compendium indications, contraindications, contrast agents and preparation patient for examination, in the finish of my work I worked up a collection of patient which were examined between the years 2002 {--} 2006 on our clinic {--} Institut of clinical and experimental medicine (IKEM), in Prague.
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Indications of individual imaging femoropatellar joint investigations
KOLÁŘ, Jiří
The main theme of this bachelor work is to evaluate the indication of single imaging methods for examinations in the area of the patellofemoral joint. The work contains shortly summarized anatomy-physiology conditions in this area, including anatomy variations of the patella and the patellofemoral joint pathology. The work continues with a description of single indicated imaging methods. The basic is a skiagraphy examination, every single projection is described in details, including a historical overview of the axial patella projection. Other methods which are mentioned are the artrography, the magnetic resonance imaging, the computed tomography and the scintigraphy. Issues of contraindications and risks for patients related to examinations are mentioned, too. A level of suitability how to use other examination methods, especially MRI, is considered on a chosen patient sample. At first plain pictures were done, some patients undertook ultrasonography examination and finally a magnetic resonance imaging examination was indicated. The computed tomography and the scintigraphy are not usually used for patellofemoral joint indications. The author compares financial and time demands of each method. The cheapest seem to be plain pictures and the sonography, on the other hand the most expensive is the magnetic resonance imaging, which is also the best way in the diagnostics at the same time. The magnetic resonance imaging method is the most contributory for a valuation of cartilages and tender joint parts. The time demands make a part of the comparison, too.
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The role of individual imaging methods in neuroradiology - development, the use and limitations
PEKÁREK, Vlastimil
Neuroradiology is the branch of radiodiagnostics dealing with the diagnosis of brain and spinal cord diseases. Morphological methods as X-rays, CT, MRI, ultrasound, DSA are emloyed. Recently examination procedure have made a rapid development. Some methods once frequently used were put down. Other methods were abandoned as they were invasive, demanding and diagnostically less efficient. They were replaced by new methods that are diagnostcally more precise, patient friendly and recently available qite well. These are primarily CT and MRI that dominate in diagnostic imaging of central nervous system.
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The thoracic and lumbar spine injury - role of imaging modalities in diagnostic and therapy
DOLEŽALOVÁ, Martina
This article provides information about thoracic and lumbar spine injury with reflection to the role of radiologic assistants. Spine injury belongs to the most serious injuries and its incidence is rising. These injuries are diagnosed using imaging methods like plain X-ray, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Radiologic assistant himself is the person, who is responsible for the correct examination. If these injuries are treated surgically, radiologic assistant meets them at operating theatres too. Here the assistant manipulates with fluoroscopy machines and helps the operator with procedure navigation. Important is that the radiologic assistant should know all the steps of each procedure and should take care of radiation protection. If the procedure is done inadequately, the patient can be misdiagnosed and the radiation dose for him and for the staff may be increased. Since 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2006, 84 patients (48 women, 36 men) were hospitalised at the Neurosurgery departement of University Hospital Hradec Králové under diagnosis of thoracic or lumbar spine fracture. The age, frequency of vertebral fractures in thoracic and lumbar region and percentual use of various therapeutic methods are noted. But the most important aim of the study are imaging methods used in these patients and mistakes done during these examinations.
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Conventional imaging procedure in radiology with a view to urogenital system (the education programe)
DVOŘÁČEK, Petr
In my work I concentrate on the basic examination methods for the urogenital system. It is about excretory urology (VUG), cystograph, cystouretrograph, retrograde uretrograph (ascending), histerosalpingograph (HSG), retrograde (ascending) pyelograph and antigrade (descending) pyelograph. Very detailed I describe the indication, the preparation and the follow through of the examinations. I am trying to compare non-invasive and invasive methods in the diagnosing of the urogenital system. I use the statistics of chosen hospitals in south of Czech Republic area in the time-span between 2000 and 2006. The modern radiodiagnostics methods together with the non-invasive and invasive methods in the diagnosing of the urogenital system still have non replaceable meaning in algorithm of the examinations in the urogenital system.
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