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Analysis of milk production and fertility of dairy cows in dairy cattle breeds
VLACHOVÁ, Iva
Cattle breeding is considered to be the most demanding sector of agricultural production. The most complex in the animal production sector is economically, organizationally and materially milk production. The basic aim for successful breeding is profit, and its amount is formed difference between incomes and operating costs of production. The aim of this study was to evaluate selected indicators of milk production, fertility and to compare the total costs of milk production and milk sales in the monitored period in herd of dairy cows of Holstein and Czech Pied cattle on the farm of Ing. Bohuslav Vacek in Vrchotovy Janovice. Both of the breeds were stalled in a barn with the same nutrition. In the monitoring there were involved 180 cows, which ended lactation in the control year 2011/2012. Dairy cows of Holstein and Czech Pied breeds were divided according to genotype, lactation and age at first calving. Evaluated indicators were reproductive parameters (insemination interval, service period, the interim) and indicators of milk production (kg milk per lactation, fat content, protein content). The observed indicators of milk yield were found statistically highly significant differences between Holstein and Czech Pied dairy cows at the amount of drawn milk and the content of milk protein at the significance level of p ? 0,001. No significant differences were found in the fat content. The significant differences were found from selected indicators between breeds in the interim at the significance level of p ? 0,01 and highly significant differences in service period at the significance level of p ? 0,001. For insemination interval were found no significant differences. Holstein cows gave 9 062,68 kg of milk per lactation with 4,19% fat and 3,43% protein. Czech Pied cows gave 6 430,83 kg of milk per lactation containing 4,25% fat and 3,57% protein. This means that milk yield of Holstein cows was above average compared to the national average and milk yield of Czech Pied cows was almost identical to the national average. In the reproductive indicators were the interim and insemination interval in Holstein cows evaluated as unsatisfactory and in Czech Pied cows as satisfactory, service period was unsatisfactory for both breeds.
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The performance and fertility of pasture reared Holstein heifers
NEJEDLÁ, Alice
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the parameters of the milk performance, reproduction indicators and health of Holstein cows that were raised on pasture. The data were obtained from 50 pure bred animals and its crossbreeds which had been grazed and the control group which was represented by 20 heifer which had been reared in stable. The evaluation of parameters was set on the first standardized lactation in the range of 240 to 305 days. The first lactation milk performance traits were: quantity of milk (kg), quantity and content of fat (kg; %), quantity and content of protein (kg; %). The fertility traits were: length of service period (days), insemination interval (days), age at first calving (days).
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Analysis of selected indicators of milk production and fertility in the herd of Holstein cattle
KÁŠKOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor work is focused on the analysis of the selected indicators in a flock of miliking the cattle, which can affect the levels of milk and reproductive performance. Monitoring the factors at the workplace of the exiled Agrospol Mladá Vožice a.s., which behaves like a Holstein and Simmental cattle. Since 2008, the company used převodné crossing of Czech pied cattle on Holstein cattle. In 2012, the number of cows in an average of 249 329 pieces in milk. For the analysis of selected indicators have been monitored 190 pieces of dairy cows, according to the genotype, the order of lactation and age at first calving. Sighted in a herd of dairy cows, in groups sorted according to the genotype of the best results of a reproduction H 99-88 and that the collection interval (78 days), service period (80 days) and the intervening period (365 days). The worst performers were from the genotype (H) 100. The collection interval was 77 days, a service period of 105 days, and in the meantime, 390 days. According to the order of lactation of dairy cows on the other were the best lactation (collection interval 78 days, a service period of 87 days and in the meantime, 374 days). The worst performers were dairy cows at the fifth and later lactation (collection interval 78 days, 114 days and the period of service in the meantime, 401 days). According to the age at first calving have Calved in the age of prvotelky 661-720 days for best results (77 days interval, collection service period 85 days and in the meantime, 370 days) and prvotelky Calved in the age of 721-780 days have the worst results (the collection interval 77 days, service period and the interim 100 380 days). Overall reproductive performance can be assessed as good. In all indicators of milk yield, would appear to be the best kříženky H 87-75 (12.016 kg milk fat, 3.65%, 3.35% protein). According to the order of lactation were the best results at the fourth lactation (11 772,34 kg milk, 3.55% fat and 3.29% protein). According to the age at first calving had the best performance under 660 days Calved prvotelky (11 018,46 kg milk, 3.48% fat and 3.21% protein). From the results of the abovementioned indicators it strongly suggest that the fertility indicators are at a very good level, even when their performance is over 10 000 kg of milk. The higher genetic potential of cows for milk production, the higher the demands on management of the herd. As a result, it is important to pay due attention to nutrition and health status of dairy cows high utility.
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Evaluation of feed rations and their effect for milk production
ROUBÍČKOVÁ, Jana
Feed rations and their influence on milk yield were assessed for the years 2010 and 2011 in working conditions on the school farm Měšice. This was mainly comparison of the basic nutrients feed rations with a recommendation. Furthermore, feeding technology, quality of silage, composition of feed rations and content of milk components were evaluated. Selected economic indicators of dairy cows were evaluated in the monitored enterprise. The results indicate that the feed rations give a good presumption for high milk yield of dairy cows. However, quality of roughages, primarily corn silage should be improved.
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Evaluation of different procedures used for insemination of cows of Holstein cattle
JINDRÁKOVÁ, Monika
The high-production dairy cows have problems with fertility, because there is negative correlation between fertility and milk production. Very often the problem with fertility is connected with cumulative number of quiet, indistinctive ruts. Such a problem causes prolongation of service period, increases consumption of insemination doses and rises the number of veterinary acts. Therefore new possibilities are searched to ensure satisfying fertility of cows.The objective of this work was to evaluate different procedures for insemination of cows of Holstein cattle. The research proceeded at agricultural company Kosova Hora, which has two stables with dairy cows. The controlled reproduction by means of hormones is used at cow-shed in Janov, whereas the natural reproduction when a cattleman looks for rutting cows is used at cow-shed in Kamenice. The way of stockbreeding, stabling and feeding was very similar in both cow-sheds. There were 203 dairy cows of Holstein cattle (H100%) or crossbreed dairy cows of Czech spotted cattle (H75 and more) included in survey. Reproductive indices (such as insemination interval, service period, meantime and the age of a cow when first calves) and also indices of milk efficiency in 1 kg of milk (for 100, 200 and 305 days of lactation) were monitored. The period of insemination interval was about 16,81 days shorter in the cow-shed where hormones (84,36; 101,17 days) were applied with confirmation statistically highly significant difference at the level of significance P < 0,001. There was no statistically significant difference when the duration of service period was measured. The duration of service period was on the same level in both cow-sheds (162,12; 162,84 days). When the outcomes of both cow-sheds were summarized the difference in the duration of meantime was found. With usage of synchronization the difference was 19,20 days, but without statistical demonstrativeness (P < 0,05) at the level 410,28; 429,48 days. When indices of milk efficiency were measured there were not found statistically significant differences as for the whole lactation (9 926,19; 9 749,48 kg of milk) and also for individual sections of lactation (100 days about 30,96 kg of milk more at the cow-shed without synchronization; 200 days about 78,44 kg of milk more at the cow-shed with synchronization).
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Influence of various systems on housing and breeding of dairy cattle
DUBOVÁ, Dagmar
The trend in development of new technologies and machinery in the area of agriculture and animal husbandry shows an increasing number of robotized operations. Such trend mostly appears in dairy cattle breeding, which has its logical explanation due to the fact that high ratio of human labour in milk production is more than obvious. The basic prerequisite for a successful utilization of milking robotic systems is to provide dairy cattle with sufficient quantity of top quality food and water as well as to ensure their welfare. The aim of the bachelor?s work was to compare the influence of both stanchion housing using a milking pipeline method and loose housing with robotic milking system on basic categories of dairy cattle behaviour, milk efficiency and reproduction. The observation itself was executed in each housing system for the period of 24 hours, during which an interval method with a ten-minute interval mode was used. Basic life activity of dairy cattle such as: feed intake, standing, lying and movement were monitored. All data were collected and assessed under running conditions on a private dairy farm owned by Václav Dub in Boubín near Horažďovice. The task was carried out in a reconstructed housing, where both systems are in operation. During the day, the dairy cattle remained mostly in a lying position, from which 50,33 % were kept in stanchion housing and 49,54 % in loose housing. When being housed in a standing position, 23,78 % of the dairy cattle paid attention to feeding and 27,05 % of dairy cattle were robotically milked. Standing position represented 25,89 % in stanchion housing and 19,31 % in loose housing. The movement was only monitored with dairy cattle housed in free housing representing 4,1 %. After the milk efficiency was assessed, there were some statistically significant differences (P?0,001) found in milked milk as well as in a kilogram of protein. With respect to reproduction, the length of the insemination interval was recorded showing 129 days when being stanchion housed and 95 days when loose housed. The length of the service period of dairy cattle in stanchion housing was 144 days while dairy cattle milked robotically showed the length of 109 days. All in all, it was proved that a free movement has a positive influence on the milk efficiency, fertility as well as the welfare of dairy cattle.
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ANALYSIS OF MILK PRODUCTION AND FERTILITY OF THE HERD OF CZECH PIED CATTLE
PATÁK, Martin
It is an essential condition of economic production in livestock farming to ensure an adequate level of milk yield and reproduction in dairy cattle herds. Therefore, it is the interest of all dairy farmers in conventional agriculture to have a herd capable of high yield which would be mainly profitable. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate selected indicators of milk yield and fertility rates of the Czech Pied cattle in the agricultural society Dublovice JSC. The observation included 430 cows that finished lactation in the control year 2010/2011. The cows were divided according to the sequence of lactation into groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and other lactations. Furthermore, they were divided according to genotypes (C100, C1, and C2) and their fathers. By the groups sorted by the sequence of lactation there was found a statistically significant difference in milk yield between 1st and 4th, 2nd and 4th, 3rd and 4th and other lactations on the importance level P<0,001. The highest average yield reached the cows with the genotype C100 of 4 and other lactations (8 371 kg). However, the significant effect of genotype on the productivity by the cows according to the sequence of lactation was not confirmed. The highest average yield (8 277 kg) was reached by the daughters of the bull REZ 376 (C59R) and the statistically significant difference on the level of importance P<0,05 was proved. By the service period was significant only the influence of fathers. By the meantime and the first calving age were the differences between groups of no statistic importance. The most common reason for cow elimination was disease of mammary gland (25.9% of the total number of eliminated cows) and postpartum difficulties (20%). By the cows in the observed herd was found a higher milk yield (7 423 kg) in comparison to the average yield of the Czech Pied cattle in the Czech Republic (6 548 kg). Service period, meantime and the first calving correspond to the farming aim of the Czech Pied cattle.
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Evaluation of selected indicators of diary cattle breeds in VOD Kámen
BUŘIČOVÁ, Hana
Cattle breeding is one of the most demanding branches of the agricultural production. Prerequisite for successful breeding is the economical effective milk production which only be achieved with good health of animals, good fertility, adequate replacement herd, longevity of cows and appropriate management. Breeders must always think about the way of the keeping and about the breed of the animals. This thesis aims to evaluate selected indicators of milk and meat production, fertility, longevity and economy of the milk production in the dairy herd of Holstein and Czech Pied cattle in the same stalling and at the same nutrition in the company VOD Kámen. It was chosen sixty Holstein and sixty Czech Pied breeding dams from the herd for monitoring. Monitored groups of cows were sorted out according to the genotype, origin of father and the order of lactation. The reproductive performance were used to evaluate (insemination interval, service period, meantime, insemination index), indicators of milk yield (amount of milk in kilograms, fat content, protein content), longevity and the reasons for decommissioning of cows. To evaluate meat yield twenty-five Holstein and twenty-five Czech Pied bulls were chosen. Differences of milk yield and fertility among both breeds were evaluated as very important (P < 0,001). Reproductive performance of Holstein cows was evaluated as inconvenient (insemination interval 82,06 days, service period 135,87 days, meantime 412 days and insemination index 2,4), and of Czech Pied cows as convenient (insemination interval 64,8 days, service period 98,84 days and insemination index 2,0). The milk yield was higher the Czech average in both breeds. Holstein cows producted 9 123 kilograms of milk for lactation with 3,87% of fat and 3,42% of proteins; the Czech Pied cows producted 8100 kilograms of milk with 4,08% of fat and 3,59% of proteins. The most common reason for removal of cows was fertility disturbance. Indicators of meat yield were better for the Czech Pied bulls. Those bulls had higher slaughter weight at lower age and better inclusion in the classification classes against the Holstein bulls.
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The analysis of efficiency and fertility with regard to presence of horns in dairy cow herd
TOMANOVÁ, Jana
For quite a long time there is trend of de-horned cattle supported in our country and in the whole developed world especially for safety of farmers and animals. Despite of this fact, especially in organic breeds, there are quite often these two forms together in one herd. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the efficiency and fertility of Holstein cows with regard to presence of horns. Observation of a herd of Holstein cattle took place from April 2010 to September of 2011 at Bemagro, a.s. The priority of this ecologically farming company is to preserve horns in the herd. A total amount of 100 cows was observed, from which 50 of them was de-horned and the equal amount was horned. There were indicators of fertility measured (service period and insemination interval) as well as indicators of milk production (the amount of milk, content of fat, proteins and lactose).
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biorhythm in dairy cattle herds
PETŘIČKOVÁ, Dana
Cílem diplomové práce bylo vyhodnotit u stáda plemenic holštýnského skotu denní biorytmus jednotlivých kategorií chování a podchytit případné změny v průběhu pastevního období. Dále bylo cílem vyjádřit vztah pastvy a užitkovosti na základě dat ze sestav kontroly užitkovosti (kg mléka, % tuku, % bílkovin a % laktózy) a ukazatele plodnosti (inseminační interval a servis perioda).
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