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History and present of peat extraction on the area Borkovická blata
ŠTĚCHOVÁ, Monika
In the general section of this thesis are shortly characterized fossil fuel, peat bogs and peat, process of their origin, their types and importance. Another important part of this work is the extraction of peat, its trend, subsequent restoration and environmental problem of the peat extraction. The main part is the characteristic of the area Borkovická blata, mapping out mining process in the area and the present condition. Furthermore, there is shortly characterized the company Rašelina, a. s., which extracted in Borkovická blata peat for a long time and is still engaged in the extraction and processing of peat.
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The influence of the type of post - mining areas restoration on vertebrates biodiversity - the model group of birds
SOBÍŠKOVÁ, Kateřina
One way how to assess restoration success is to examine the biodiversity in the ``newly created{\crq}q areas. Birds have been chosen as indicators of biodiversity because of their ability to adapt and thus indicate the environmental quality. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the biodiversity of birds in differently reclaimed areas of spoil heap in Sokolov Brown Coal Basin. A simple method of visual and acoustic observations was chosen, because it allows us to identify most species correctly without disturbing their populations. In total, 19 bird species were found. The wetland localities were the richest in bird biodiversity, the forestry reclaimed areas were the second and the poorest biodiversity was in agriculturally restored areas. The results show that wetlands are important not only for water regime and water quality of restored areas, but also for their biodiversity.
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The properties of surface waters affected by coal mining.
FAFÍLKOVÁ, Veronika
I watched the chemical characteristics of wetlands and surface waters in the vicinity of Lake Medard. This lake is a residual hole (after brown coal mining activities) which is now being filled with water. It is situated in Sokolov cadastre. I used physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water to characterize the surface water. The values have been compared with indicators of other surface water ecosystems. They were compared with Eger river water and with water from the south Bohemian fishponds. Results of comparing showed that all parameters of observed waters are very different. Surveyed parameters of the average concentrations are several times higher or on the contrary lower at individual sites of interest. Sites of interest are characterized by high levels of dissolved substances in water. Particularly problematic are sulphate anion concentrations and concentrations of Na, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn and Fe cations.
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The influence of the type and age of post-mining areas restoration on biodiversity of small terrestrial mammals.
MIKLAS, Bořek
The aim of the study was to compare different types and ages of restoration from the small mammal biodiversity perspective. In 2004, three linear and two quadratic trappings of small terrestrial mammals were performed at the Velká podkrušnohorská spoil heap. Linear trappings were repeated in 2009 and quadratic were repeated in 2010. In 2004, 174 small mammals in the linear trappings and 199 small mammals in the quadratic trappings were captured. We found, that the wetland localities were the richest in small mammal diversity, the forestry restored areas were second ones, and the agriculturally restored areas were the poorest ones. During the repeated trappings, 45 small mammals in linear trappings and 64 small mammals in quadratic trappings were captured. A decrease of both abundance and biodiversity was recorded in the both types of trappings. The highest biodiversity was on wetland and forestry restored areas. The lowest biodiversity was on agriculturally restored areas. The highest abundance was on forestry sites during the linear trappings. The wetland areas were second ones and the lowest abundance was on agriculturally restored areas. Value of abundance in quadratic trappings was almost the same in wetland and forest habitats, whilst the abundance of agricultural areas was significantly lower. The results show the importance of wetland habitats, which are very important part of restoration and have a positive impact on the overall biodiversity in the landscape.
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Biodiversity and population dynamics of small terrestrial mammals on various types of restoration in the area of Velká podkrušnohorská spoil heap.
CHARVÁTOVÁ, Pavla
The aim of my thesis was to describe the biodiversity and try to outline the population dynamics of small terrestrial mammals on the Great podkrušnohorská spoil heap. We captured small mammals six times during the 2009 and 2010 seasons. We used the standard capture-mark-release method (CMR) with live traps in quadrates at five sites with different restoration type- wetland, forestry (alderwood and pinewood), agricultural and controlled succession. The observed data were processed in Microsoft Office Excel and by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) in Canoco for Windows. In 2009 a total of 67 individuals of five small mammals´species were captured: Apodemus flavicollis, Microtus arvalis, M. agrestis, Myodes glareolus and Sorex araneus. The highest biodiversity (3 species) was recorded in wetland restoration. The highest abundance (20 individuals) was recorded in alderwood forestry restoration. In 2010 258 individuals of 7 species were captured: Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus, Microtus arvalis, M. agrestis, Myodes glareolus, S. araneus and Micromys minutus. As in 2009 the highest abundance was recorded in alderwood forestry restoration(60 individuals) and the highest biodiversity (7 species) was recorded in wetland restoration.
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Comparison of the flora of recultivated and succession influenced areas at sandpits in Třeboňsko Protected landscape area
RADOŠOVÁ, Tereza
The goal of this thesis is to compare flora on recultivated and succession-influenced areas in sandpits of Třeboňsko Protected landscape area in Southern Bohemia. This area is situated in Southern Bohemia region. The mapped sandpits are located in floodplain of the Lužnice river between towns České Velenice and Veselí nad Lužnicí. The mining of gravelous sand was started in about 1949 and in some places continues till these days. The character and structure of the landscape are seriously harmed by any types of mining process. Therefore there are implemented some arrangements which lead to renewal of the landscape. The aim of this work is to intercept the actual composition of the vegetation on the selected landscape areas and compare how these two ways of landscape renewal take affect to the nature variety.
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The Comparison of spontaneous succesion and technical reclamation on the Radovesice dump in the Most Basin
MÁLKOVÁ, Lucie
Sites left to spontaneous vegetation succession and technically reclamed sites were studied and compared on the Radovesice dump. The dump is situated in the Most Basin, in the northwestern part of the country. Data were sampled during one season {--} in summer 2008. Species composition and species diversity were analyzed along 100m transects located in the different sites. There was no significant difference between this sites in species diversity. There were qualitatively differences in species composition between studied sites. In this point of view spontaneous succession is a good alternative to expensive technical reclamation.
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The influence of the type of post-mining areas restoration on biodiversity {--} the model group of small mammals.
MIKLAS, Bořek
One way to assess restoration success is to examine the biodiversity in the newly created areas. We chose small mammals as biodiversity indicators because of their good reproductive capacity and invasive ability. The aim of the study was to compare different types of restoration from the small mammal biodiversity perspective. Small mammals were captured five times during the 2004 season at spoil heap localities with various types of restoration: agricultural, forest and wetland, using standard methods of capturing with snap traps in lines and quadrates.
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The influence of type of post-mining areas restoration on vertebrates biodiversity - the model group of amphibians and reptiles
ZILVAROVÁ, Veronika
Surface mining affects all components and functions of landscape. The destruction of ecosystems results in declining variability of landscape structure, which means also lowering of biodiversity and ecological stability. Areas of spoil heaps are consecutively colonized by new groups of organisms, depending on type of reclamations of these areas. The aim of study is to describe diversity of reptiles and amphibians on sites after brown coal mining reclaimed in different ways (Velká podkrušnohorská spoil heap, Smolnická spoil heap) and at several localities in Slavkovský les surroundings. Theoretical part contains literal review of reptiles and amphibians diversity. Practical part includes herpetological research at the localities. The presence of Bufo calamita, Bufo bufo, Bufo viridis, Rana lesonae, Rana Temporaria,Rana esculenta,Hyla arborea,Pelobates fuscus, Trituris cristatus, Triturus vulgaris,Triturus alpestris, Lacerta agilis, Natrix natrix was proved by field study during the years 2009 ? 1010. The work creates a part of larger long-term study evaluating reclamations of landscape affected by surface mining of brown coal in Podkrušnohoří area. The results will be connected with another vertebratological studies at the locality. The theme is supported by NAZV QH82106 and NPV 2B08006 projects.
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The influence of extremal climatic phenomena at the recultivated and succession areas in Třeboňsko Protected Landscapa Area
NEMEŠKALOVÁ, Pavla
PLA Třeboňsko is located in the southeastern part of South Bohemia, and has an area of 700 km {$^2$}. It is an extraordinary region, where preserved valuable natural assets, but also many hundreds of years of human transformation of the cultural landscape. Basic river basin axis Třeboňsko are Třeboňsko Lužnice river in the floodplain which are 14 lakes created after gravel extraction. Coast lakes were part of forestry artificially reclaimed, partly remained left natural succession. Extreme weather events (floods, snow and strong wind calamity) in 2002, 2005, 2007 have different effects on the current status of coastal vegetation rehabilitated, compared with a similar old natural secondary succession.
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