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Evolution of Arvicolinae: a phylogenetic approach
ROBOVSKÝ, Jan
The topic of the presented thesis is evolution of the arvicoline rodents (Cricetidae) using the phylogenetic approach. Phylogenetic relationships within the Arvicolinae were examined based on two genes (mitochondrial cytb, nuclear GHR exon 10) and approx. 470 morphological, developmental, behavioural, ecological and cytogenetic characters. The thesis consists of four related topics: (i) Phylogeny of arvicoline rodents (Robovský et al. 2008: Zool. Scr. 37: 571-590); (ii) Fossils, phylogeny and morphological evolution in the Arvicolinae (Rodentia: Cricetidae); (iii) Enamel, diet and habitat evolution in arvicoline rodents (Cricetidae); and (iv) Vole population cycles: evolutionary history or actual life histories?.
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Meta-analysis of methodological artifacts of the phylogenetic imbalance.
SMRČKOVÁ, Jana
The influence of possible methodological artifacts (e.g. type of data or tree construction methods) on the tree topology was evaluated. A total of 413 phylogenetic trees was downloaded from the tree repository TreeBASE. Three indices of topology imbalance were employed, namely, Fusco & Cronk index, weighted average, and Colless index. The study reveals that methodological artifacts have probably a weak influence on the tree shape. Therefore, patterns in tree balance could reflect macroevolutionary processess, not a methodological bias.
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Phylogenetic analyses of myxosporeans based on the molecular data
BARTOŠOVÁ, Pavla
This thesis is focused on the assessment of the phylogenetic position of the Myxozoa within the Metazoa, study of the evolutionary relationships within myxosporeans and investigation into the cryptic species assemblages of several myxosporeans based on the ribosomal and protein-coding data. The major part of this work was to confirm the evolutionary trends within myxosporeans based on a single gene by other molecular markers in order to find out if the reconstructed relationships correspond to the real organismal phylogeny. This has been a crucial step for future actions in solving the discrepancies between the myxosporean phylogeny and taxonomy.
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Molecular phylogeny of intracellular symbiotic Gammaproteobacteria in insects
HUSNÍK, Filip
Many groups of insects harbor mutualistic intracellular bacteria. These bacteria originated mainly from two bacterial phyla: Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. The thesis is focused on phylogeny of Enterobacteriaceae - the most diverse group of endosymbiotic bacteria within Gammaproteobacteria. The study brings new phylogenetical data on "primary" symbionts and summarizes the current state of knowledge on their phylogeny, evolution and diversity.
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Cladistic analysis of reproductive, behavioral, sociobiological, and developmental traits in the Hominoidea
DUDA, Pavel
The available information concerning reproduction, ontogeny, behavioral patterns and social relationships in all species of extant and some extinct were analysed cladistically. The character set was optimized on the phylogeny of the Hominoidea, and the particular common ancestors were reconstructed. The study reveals that all common ancestors (excluding the common ancestor of Pan spp.) showed more or less gorilla-like patterns of behavior and social system. The major outcome of this study is the finding that humans, despite universal assumptions, are (in terms of behavior and sociobiology) rather slightly derived gorillas than substantially derived chimpanzees.
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Could fur characters be a source of phylogenetic information?
VOLDŘICHOVÁ, Marie
This work analysed phylogenetic utility of several characters associated with basic coloration, moulting and whorls in Cervidae via comparison of these traits with relatively robust phylogeny of this group based on several morphological, ethological and molecular data. I was able to detect probable evolutionary history of some selected traits, their ancestral state and synapomorphies of recognized clades.
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