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Comparison of knowledge from nuclear physics for protection of inhabitants at laical and expert community
BARTOŇOVÁ, Miroslava
The primary objective of this thesis was to achieve comparison of knowledge of nuclear physics for population protection between general and professional public. This idea is based on the assumption of the possible existence of extraordinary events with occurring ionizing radiation and for this reason it is necessary to train specialists for the eventuality of these cases. These professionals should have wider knowledge of nuclear physics than general lay population. This issue has not been examined with lay and professional public yet, as well as there has been no comparison of the two listed groups. Another objective of this thesis was to structure the basics of nuclear physics for workers in civil protection training. For this purpose, the author of this work created a model of nuclear physics, reflecting the basic knowledge of nuclear physics, based on the analysis of the curricula for the IRS. The author explored the forms of studies of university program for the public protection, of members of the Fire and Rescue Service, of university study program for paramedics, of staff of the Anti-organised crime department of Police of the Czech Republic and of the Customs Administration. The analysis showed the widest expected range of knowledge at the technicians of the Chemical Service of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech republic (the chemist), who are professionally trained in the handling of hazardous substances and ionizing radiation sources. These members have become the monitored representatives for the professional community in the survey of this thesis. Lay general public was represented by people from the social circle of the author of this work, i.e. they were an unrepresentative sample of the general public. The theory of physics curricular process was also used, the application of which served to create an alternative test from nuclear physics, which was presented to the respondents. The questionnaires were filled in by 52 technicians of the Chemical Service of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech republic from different parts of the country and by 50 people of the lay public. It should be noted that the questionnaire was created considering the training of the technicians of the Chemical Service, in which nuclear physics has only a supporting role. One of the objectives of the thesis also included the subsequent statistical evaluation of the applied tests of the knowledge of nuclear physics. For validating mainly the non-parametric and parametric hypotheses tests were used. For the theoretical division of knowledge among professionals the existence of the Poisson distribution (the distribution of "rare" cases) was assumed and the theoretical division of investigating the general public should be close to a normal distribution. Also the difference between the knowledge of laymen and experts was investigated. To meet the defined objectives of this work three hypotheses were set, for their verification the methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics were used. Hypotheses were set as follows: H1. Theoretical distribution of knowledge among the general public will be close to normal distribution. H2. Theoretical distribution of knowledge among professionals will not have a normal distribution. H3. Comparison of knowledge in both groups by using the parametric tests will lead to the adoption of alternative hypothesis. All three defined hypotheses were verified via statistical survey and accepted positively. The test, however, does not show the ability or inability of the tested experts to carry out practical tasks associated with their profession. This thesis only aimed to discover theoretical knowledge of nuclear physics, which is based on the theoretical assumption that specialists dealing with adverse events with occurring ionizing radiation pass through a variety of specialized courses that include introduction to the theory of nuclear physics.
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Impacts of a power outage in great food - processing companies in South Bohemia county
HÁSKOVÁ, Michaela
Indispensability of electricity in all areas of life, including industry, requires enterprises to be prepared for possible power outages, which would minimize impacts on the population. The aim of this thesis titled "Impacts of a power outage in great food - processing companies in the South Bohemia county" is to analyze possible impacts of power cuts in the awareness system of large food enterprises and to assess the effects it would have on the protection of the population when power outage occurs. To obtain the data for the thesis, I used a qualitative research in the form of structured interviews with employees of five large food enterprises, who are responsible for the given area. SWOT analyse was used to evaluate the interviews and a KARS method was used for the analysis of the most significant impacts of an electric power outage in the system of awareness of enterprises and in the protection of the population. The results of the research revealed a basic fact that electricity outage would mean an immediate interruption of production for the food enterprises in South Bohemia. None of the enterprises surveyed owns a standby electric power source, so the sustainability of the standby energy supply does not exist. This fact is alarming mainly from the point of view of the crisis management, because two of the surveyed enterprises are included in the Crises plan of South Bohemia and implement corresponding measures. An important factor influencing the current state of food enterprises awareness for electricity outage is undoubtedly the fact that there is no legislation in the Czech Republic at the moment, which would impose an obligation for food enterprises to prepare for electric power outages. To increase the awareness of the food enterprises for electricity outage, for example in the form back up power sources, would require considerable investments. I hope that this thesis will serve not only as a study material, but also will be a subject of discussion for food enterprises, presenting a model for a case of electric power outage.
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The readiness of pupils and teachers at elementary and secondary schools in an emergency planning zones during an emergency situation at a threatening company.
KRATOCHVÍL, Zdeněk
After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, the national defence education program was terminated. Since it played an important role in the education of the population it was eventually restored in 2003 at primary and secondary schools when a general education program of national defence was introduced. The extend of the education was agreed for 6 hour per year, however, it was not clear in which school subject this matter should be addressed. Since then the government succeed in issuing several conceptual guides describing the outline of the education for both pupils and teachers. The guarantor of the program became the General Directorate of Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, who publishes a large number of training documents. Soon after, the issue is also dealt by the civilian sector that gradually increases numbers of manuals and textbooks focusing on the theme of population protection. Consequently in 2012, they succeed in introducing a compulsory subject called "Human Protection in Emergency Situations" at pedagogical faculties. These progressive measures target to improve a teaching methods and a general education at primary and secondary schools in the area of population preparedness to deal with an emergency situations such as floods or hazardous substances leakage from threatening factories. This work focuses on a level of preparedness of students and teachers in a primary and secondary schools, which are located in areas with a thread of leakage, conflagration or possible explosions. The first theoretical part focuses on the history of a protection of a population in the world and consequently in the Czech Republic. History significantly affects this area. Therefore a considerable portion of a theoretical part has been dedicated to it. In the next section the impact of the current legislation laws to protect the population have been analysed. This analysis focuses especially on laws which are most vital for this field. Following section points out, which governmental and non-governmental institutions have the highest responsibility for the primary and secondary education, the level of population preparedness and the knowledge in the area of the studied subject. The last part of the theoretical work analyses the environment in which the sociological research had been conducted. It contains more information about schools in which the survey had been performed by means of questionnaires. The main purpose of this chapter is to point out the characteristics of the schools. Another part analyses the territory in which the schools are located, their capacity, diversity of students, especially weather there are non-Czech speaking or handicapped pupils, or within which time zone the schools are. All schools also support various extracurricular activities, and the thematic group activities. Based on my practical experience from the lectures I pre-set the level of the students and teachers? preparedness in case of extraordinary events within threatening company is low or almost unsatisfactory. Consequently, the respondents undertook 10 test questions. In the practical part of this work, the questionnaire survey was assessed both by means of statistical methods and a thorough analysis of the individual questions answered. To simplify the evaluation, statistical methods were used by means of negating hypotheses of the proposition. In other words, the level of the preparedness will be satisfactory. Subsequent evaluation of the sociological research revealed that the level is satisfactory at all schools. In general, both students and teachers achieved overall pleasing results. The results of the survey will be provided to the Fire Rescue Service of the Pardubice Region to utilize them to streamline all the activities related to the education of students of the surveyed schools.
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The preventive education of the youth at elementary and secondary schools in the field of the protection of the population.
HERZÁN, Michal
The bachelor thesis Preventive education of young people in the field of civil protection at primary and secondary schools deals with the history of the issue, with an educational programme and with the problems of protection in exceptional circumstances at present. The practical part is based on a questionnaire research conducted among primary school pupils and secondary school students and primary and secondary school teachers examining the present state of knowledge in the field of civil protection in special conditions among students and teachers of primary and secondary schools. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate accessibility of information, use of published manuals and textbooks dealing with civil protection in special conditions, the history of education of pupils in the field of civil protection and to compare transfer of information to the teachers, to assess whether it is transferred to students to a sufficient extent. A hypothesis presumes that education of primary and secondary students in the field of civil protection is sufficient and that primary and secondary students are able to apply the obtained knowledge to real situations. The thesis is based on the methodology of comparison, transfer of information on civil protection from the Fire Rescue Department of the Czech Republic to primary and secondary students or teachers, data collection from five primary and five secondary schools in the region, from 50 students and 5 teachers from each school, and evaluation of the questionnaires based on the replies.
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Planning documentation community focused on crisis management and protection of the population
ŠVORC, Jaroslav
The diploma thesis is divided into three parts. The first part presents a current situation in South Bohemia describing in detail the community planning documentation. It also attends to local crisis management and protection of the population and its partial activities. In last chapter of the first part I describe integrated rescue system with particular focus on its one of basic elements, The Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic. The second part of the thesis concerns research that by means of charts and graphs provides particular results of the questionnaire filled out by managers of the constructions department, department of regional development and by workers of south-bohemian municipal workplaces with extended activities oriented on crisis management. The research is then followed by short empirical statistics. The thesis conclusion shows that the community planning documentation focused on crisis management and protection of the population is processed within the range that can be considered as satisfactory.
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Possible threat and preparedness of population for self-protection and providing mutual help
GALEKOVÁ, Žaneta
The diploma thesis is focused on determination of perception of the nuclear power station Temelín as a potential source of a threat perceived by the population living in the area of emergency planning, and determination of perception of possible sources of threat to selected subjects, such as swimming pool, winter stadium, breweries, freezing plant, etc. located in the area of the town České Budějovice. The aim of the diploma thesis is also to find out and compare the level of the current state of awareness and preparedness of the population living in the area of emergency planning of the nuclear power station Temelín informed in particular by guides and calendars published by the authorization holder, and of the population living in the area of the town České Budějovice for the eventuality of emergence of an extraordinary event. The hypothesis of the diploma thesis assumed that awareness and preparedness of the population living in the area of emergency planning of the nuclear power station Temelín should be on higher level in comparison with the population living in the area of the town České Budějovice. It is evident from the results of the questionnaire enquiry that awareness of the population living in both these areas is approximately on the same level, and thus the hypothesis of the diploma thesis was not confirmed. The proposal for improving awareness and preparedness of the population will help to explain the issue given to the population, and results and conclusions will be provided to the Department of Crisis Management of the South Bohemian Regional Authority.
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Determining the Number of citizens That Will Be Evacuated in the Case of a Serious, Extraordinary Event or a Crisis Situation
VÍTOVÁ, Eliška
This diploma thesis ``Determining the number of citizens that will be evacuated in the case of a serious, extraordinary event or a crisis situation{\crq}q aims to assess the level of awareness of the residents of the South Bohemia Region about evacuation and those risks in their surroundings, especially to detect just how many people (families) would chose to spontaneous evacuate themselves in the event of an extraordinary event or crisis situation and how many residents would do so with the provision of transport. This information has been obtained by means of questionnaires. In the description of the current situation, there is an overview of the laws and the establishment of the basic concepts related to evacuation. The practical part deals with the evaluation of questionnaires that were distributed to the residents of the South Bohemia Region, and there is also a summary of this information within a comprehensive overview, including the division of the point of view between men and women, and the assessment of these results within the District of South Bohemia Region. Preventative educational work among the population will contribute to the appropriate behaviour during these extraordinary events, which will assist the authorities in providing for the successful accomplishment of this evacuation. These good practices will reduce the health risks of people and will also prevent material and financial loss.
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The protection of a territory of the municipality with extended competence in case of a special flood
PROISL, Ivo
This bachelor thesis focuses mainly on protection of the population against effects of a special flood and it partly uses experience from natural floods in the past years. The protection against a special flood is in this thesis mostly applied to the territory of the town of Český Krumlov, the municipality with extended competence, situated downstream the Lipno hydraulic structure. One chapter describes the current situation and lists the floods experienced in the past years; another chapter deals with inputs for definition of floodplains and territories threatened by a special flood and describes basic activities of flood management bodies and owners of hydraulic structures. One section of the chapter on the current situation summarizes basic characteristics of the Lipno hydraulic structure and components of the Integrated Rescue System on the territory of the municipality with extended competence Český Krumlov. One of the objectives of the thesis was the evaluation of awareness and knowledge among the town residents; another objective was to verify how elaborate the individual inputs are and to evaluate the scope of consequences of a special flood downstream the mentioned hydraulic structure. The data about the knowledge were acquired by means of questionnaires and evaluated in form of diagrams. A qualitative method of research was used to evaluate how elaborate the individual measures are; in order to determine the scope of the special flood I compared the planned numbers of evacuated residents with the numbers of residents actually evacuated during the natural flood in 2002. The acquired results have shown that the existing documentation is sufficiently elaborate, however, it is essential to update it on a running basis. It is also necessary to improve the level of awareness among the general public. Other results have confirmed that the size of the territory endangered with a special flood is substantial and incomparably larger than in case of natural floods.
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The protection of population in case of terrorist attack which includes the release of dangerous substances
MARYŠKA, Václav
The protection of population in case of terrorist attack which includes the release of dangerous substances My Bachelor Thesis on the topic Protection of population in case of terrorist attack which includes the release of dangerous substances is divided into two parts. In the theoretical part I deal with development of population protection in the CR, as the basic element of population protection against dangerous substances, its differentiation and its basic tasks, then I describe types and examples of emergency events (terrorist attack, release of dangerous substances in the atmosphere in relation to the population behaviour principles). The practical part is aimed at investigation of awareness of inhabitants of protection of population in case of terrorist attack which includes the release of dangerous substances. The aim of my work is to confirm or to disprove the following hypotheses. Citizens have sufficient opportunities to get familiarized with the issue of protection of population in case of terrorist attack which includes the release of dangerous substances. Citizens know the principles of correct behaviour in emergency events. The next aim is to compile material providing summarized information on the principles of population behaviour in emergency situation involving harmless substance release, to specification of the possible most frequent and most dangerous substances, their main effects and basic features applied in accidents, to explain some basic ways of warning labelling of dangerous substances. The elaborated material will be offered to teachers of these issues for use in education according to the Ministry of Education Instruction No. 12050/03-22 of 4 March 2003. The questionnaire form was used for elaboration of the practical part. The questionnaire consisted of twenty-five questions. The first four ones are aimed at the characteristics of the examined sample of respondents (sex, age, education, place of residence size). The following questions were already aimed at investigation of awareness of South Bohemian Region inhabitants of protection of population in case of terrorist attack which includes the release of dangerous substances. The research was performed in January and February 2007. 120 questionnaires were distributed. The research target group consisted of South Bohemian Region inhabitants. 120 randomly selected respondents participated in the research. The results of the practical part prompt that citizens have sufficient opportunities to get familiarized with the issues of population protection. There are enough sources of information nowadays, just to use them. We may say to the second hypothesis that according to my research citizens have basic information on the principles of correct proceeding in case of emergency events. However their awareness is not at the sufficient level. I believe that this thesis will contribute to enlargement of knowledge of population protection, which might substantially influence behaviour of people in case of dangerous substance release or a terrorist attack.
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