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Kompartment syndrome with injuries to the legs and issues from the perspective of patient care
BÁRTOVÁ, Marcela
A complex of clinical symptoms occurring as a consequence of pressure increase in enclosed anatomic space is called the compartment syndrome. We must pay great attention to this diagnostics as local ischemia occurs and sometimes fasciotomy is indicated during compartment syndrome development. This means difficult and log treatment for the affected patients. The aim of the thesis was to find out whether patients are informed on the possibility of surgical solution of compartment syndrome, what information they have on subsequent care of fasciotomy, and to what extent patients fear of possible leg amputation in the instance of compartment syndrome diagnosis. The last aim was to find out to what extent patients fear of consequent functionality limitation of the leg. Interviews were conducted with four patients hospitalized at the traumatology ward of České Budějovice Hospital and with three nurses working at the same ward. The method of non-standardized interview was used in the research. The research has shown that patients are provided with information on the method of surgical solution of compartment syndrome, however sometimes with delay, namely in a situation when a patient learnt the information after the surgery. The patients focused on their injured limbs, the nurses perceive the care of fasciotomy as a complex and inform a patient on all nursing care procedures applicable to the particular patient. The research has also confirmed the fears the patients have of possible amputation of their limbs as well as of subsequent limited functionality of the limb. This influences patient?s mentality, which is very important for the due course of treatment. This thesis outlines the importance of timely provision of information on possible complications and subsequent solution of these complications to the patients. Its lack might increase patient?s overall anxiety of his/her health condition, in our case about an injured limb. The research results will be probably published in journals and lectures may be given at educational events on this topic. A brochure Compartment Syndrome and its Treatment will be issued for patients.
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The application of the Orem´s model in the care of senior citizens in the Centre of Social Services Staroměstská.
SOUKUPOVÁ, Hana
The objective of this thesis is to teach nurses, who work in this institution, to understand the Orem?s model so that they knew how to prepare individual nursing plans according to it. So far, these anamneses of senior citizens have been prepared according to the Gordon?s model. Since Orem dealt with self-care deficits, which are found in senior citizens most frequently, it was worth considering testing the model in everyday practice. Three objectives were set, in which I tried to find the fitness of the Orem?s model for the care of senior citizens in terms of finding out about their independence and nursing care, to find out whether this model is more appropriate for the nursing care of senior citizens than the current Gordon?s model and to find out how nurses work with the new model. Four research questions were formulated based on these set objectives and they were answered. The Orem?s model is suitable for the determination of self-reliance of senior citizens. The applied Orem?s model is more suitable for the nursing care of senior citizens than the current Gordon?s model. Nurses and the senior citizens from the Centre of Social Services Staroměstská find the Orem?s model more suitable. In conclusion, all the set objectives have been met. The research group consisted of 8 respondents. Of these, nurses were one half and senior citizens from the Centre of Social Services Staroměstská were the other. All their responses were recorded using a dictaphone. For this thesis, the qualitative method and data collection were employed through processing of individual anamneses using the Orem?s and Gordon?s models. Observation sheets were used when filling these anamneses, both for the nurses and the senior citizens. The observation of the nurses was direct, non-participating and hidden and the observation of the senior citizens was direct, participating and ostensible. Moreover, data collection was carried out in the nurses using standardized interviews and using standardized interviews with the senior citizens too.
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Problems of the education for parents of children with ilnesses of the moving apparatus.
KVASNIČKOVÁ, Simona
This thesis adverts to an educational problems of parents, how do they perceive manner and content of information presented, how do they adapt to their child?s disease, what do they lack and what restricts them from satisfying their needs. Complex care for small patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorder should also encompass a degree of care towards parents. A nurse must, likewise, refer to their needs, knowledge, attitude, care about their mental condition, and provide them during the whole time with professional help and mental encouragement throughout coping with their difficult and demanding life situation, which the disease, the musculoskeletal disorder of their child, undoubtedly is. An outlook of nurses of this problem is also a part of this thesis.
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Barrier recovery system at the occurrence of nosocomial infections in the department
JAREŠOVÁ, Marie
Infections acquired during a treatment in a hospital or healthcare service unit are called nosocomial infections. Their history goes back to the first institutions where patients were gathered. To prevent nosocomial infections, so called barrier nursing is used. It is a set of procedures aimed at preventive measures to avoid the appearance or transmission of the infection. The awareness of observing all rules connected belong to the essentials. The aim of the Bachelor work was to find out if general nurses who work in in-patient hospital wards are aware of nosocomial infections. They were interviewed about barrier nursing rules and their observing. The survey was carried out in the hospitals in Písek and Strakonice. There were 110 anonymous questionnaires distributed and 90 of them were given back. All data were compiled and the findings were depicted in a graphic form. Two hypotheses were set at the beginning: Hypothesis 1: Nurses are familiar with barrier nursing regime rules and their use while nosocomial infection appears at the wards. Hypothesis 2: Nurses respect the rules when nosocomial infection appears at the wards. Both hypotheses were confirmed. The analysis of the data acquired from the questionnaires resulted into the finding that the nurses were keeping abreast of nosocomial infection prevention. The nurses are likely to attend seminars as a part of preventive measures of nosocomial infections. All findings will be offered to the management of the hospitals where the survey was carried out.
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Use of Educational Projects in Care of Diabetics
LEOPOLDOVÁ, Lenka
The topic of my thesis is {\clqq}Application of education plans to care of diabetics``. Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by a disorder of metabolism of sugars, but also proteins and fats, which leads to increased glycaemia and glycosuria. Education is understood as guiding to independent coping with diabetes and better cooperation with medical staff. It is an inevitable and irreplaceable part of successful diabetes treatment. The thesis is aimed at mapping application of educational plans to care of diabetics. The thesis has a theoretical and a research parts. The theoretical part deals with information on diabetes mellitus, education in general and its specifics for diabetics. The research part involves a quantitative data collection method, namely observation and semi standardized interview. The research took place in a diabetology centre and in a diabetologist{\crq}s office. 10 diabetics, 6 men and 4 women participated. The observation was performed during a diabetic{\crq}s visit to a diabetologist{\crq}s office and involved 18 points divided into 7 areas aimed at the education process phase, education implementation form, education forms, diabetic{\crq}s theoretical and practical skills, educational environment and others. Interviews were performed after the medical consultations. The interview contained 37 questions, 18 of which offered choice of reply and possibility to ask an additional question. The remaining 19 questions were open. The interview questions focused on treatment regime, satisfaction, knowledge and skills of diabetics. The first goal was to find out how education benefits a diabetic. The second goal was to map whether diabetics can use the obtained information and skills in their everyday life. The third goal was to learn about educational forms and methods used by the diabetologist and in the diabetology centre. The fourth goal was to create an educational plan and test it in practice. The goals of the thesis were met. All the research questions were answered. The research part thus shows that education is beneficial for diabetics, they apply the obtained information and skills to their lives, the educational methods and forms are identical in the diabetology centre and at the diabetologist. The thesis may be utilized as evaluation of effectiveness of education performed for diabetics and the basic content of diabetes mellitus and education.
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Nursing process for children with lower respiratory tract disease.
LAZOROVÁ, Hana
Breathing is a basic biological human need. Human needs´ satisfaction is realized with help of treatment process. In this process nurses deal with an individual as a whole. Permanent evaluation and repeated assessment of the changing needs of the ill ensures the quality of provided care. There are many situations in children, where increased care concerning breath passages is needed. Bagassosis belongs also to these conditions. The research examination was realized through the quantitative method. On the basis of interviews and data analyses casuistry was worked out. The examination was performed in children who were admitted to hospital with laryngitis, bronchitis and asthma bronchiale. The aim of the thesis was to find out the specific features of nursing attendance in children with bagassosis. Three research questions were set for this aim. V1 What treatment diagnosis occur in children with bagassosis? Through the research examination it was determined that in all observed children suffering from bagassosis, a similar nursing diagnosis was determined. In all children treatment diagnosis 00322 - Ineffective Breathing, 00095 Sleep Disorders and 00039 Risk of Aspiration occurred. V2 What treatment intervention is used in children suffering from bagassosis? In all children with bagassosis treatment interventions are in accordance in some points. The choice of intervention is influenced by the type of ailment as well as by the children´s age. V3 Are there any differences in the treatment of children with laryngitis, bronchitis and asthma bronchiale? On the basis of the research examination, it was determined that the treatment concerning children with these diseases is similar, but not the same, as each illness has its specific features. The results of this research examination can serve to nurses working at children´s wards to improve care in children with bagassosis.
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Enlightenment problems of the patient with the pancreatitis
LOUDOVÁ, Veronika
Education is an important and significant part of treatment and the nursing process. The objective of education of patients with pancreatitis is for them to realize that a change of lifestyle and eating habits will lead to improved overall health condition and quality of further life. The objective of the thesis was to find out if nurses do educate patients with pancreatitis, how they educate the patients, if they tailor educational plan to needs of individual patients and what they consider to be the greatest problem of education of a patient with pacreatitis.
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Demands and risks of nursing work providing nursing care to agressive patients.
VORLOVÁ, Gabriela
This bachelor work is trying to analyse how demanding and risky nursing is when aggressive clients are treated. The theoretical part describes the origin of aggressive behaviour, types of aggression and situations which generate aggressive behaviour. All nursing parts of the problem are described here such as a preparation for the arrival of a disturbed client, his reception to the hospital and the main tasks of nurses in the psychiatric ward. Some other methods how to calm down and restrict the patient are also analysed. A quantitative approach, questioning and semistructured interviews were used to collect all data in this work. The interview consisted of 28 questions and each respondent could answer in his words. The data were collected in mental hospitals in Havlíčkův Brod and Prague-Bohnice and in a psychiatric ward of the hospital in České Budějovice. Nurses who work with aggressive patients answered to the questions. Some results are demonstrated in graphs and tables and some answers are thoroughly analysed. Five objectives were stated at the beginning of the research and all of them were fulfilled. Eight research issues were set and they were gradually responded and the hypotheses were specified. The work reached the conclusion that nursing staff provides a very demanding and risky job when they treat aggressive patients. The nurses know what to do if the patients attack them to avoid injuries of nursing staff , the aggressive patient himself and other patients. They can use a restrictive methods in such situations. On the other hand, they would praise a training course in self-defence and communication with aggressive clients as well as more men staff in the wards.
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The observation of non pharmacological possibilities of the therapy by decreasing the risk faktors of atherosclerosis from the patients view.
REICHERTOVÁ, Stanislava
Atherosclerosis and its risk factors represent one of the most significant health problems of the western civilization; they are one of the most frequent causes of death and they limit significantly the quality and length of life. Atherosclerosis also causes invalidity. More than fifty thousand people die of heart and blood vessel related diseases in the Czech Republic every year. Non-pharmacological therapy, based on changing life habits, is an integral part of treating atherosclerosis. These measures include the reduction of body weight, suitable physical activities, changes of eating habits, preventing stressful situations, and absolute termination of smoking. The objective of the paper was to find out about the awareness and subsequent observance of non-pharmacological treatment measures in patients who have been diagnosed with at least one risk factor. Nurses play a very important role in non-pharmacological treatment. Their task is to inform patients about the non-pharmacological treatment, to provide assistance in acquiring required habits, to change behaviour of patients, and to help patients cope with the care of themselves. Therefore, it was necessary to find out about nurses? education, experience, potential, time and enthusiasm for educational activities at various departments. The data for this paper was collected using a quantitative research strategy by means of questionnaire method. A questionnaire for patients contained 31 questions and a questionnaire for nurses contained 23 questions. The results were processed in a graphic form. The research was carried out at the medical inpatient department and the specialized outpatient departments of cardiology, diabetology, internal, and industrial doctor at Mulač Hospital in Pilsen. Three hypotheses were formulated: 1 Patients know the principles of non-pharmacological treatment of atherosclerosis risk factors. 2 Patients observe the principles of non-pharmacological treatment of atherosclerosis risk factors. 3 There are differences in providing education at the inpatient and outpatient departments to patients with a confirmed atherosclerosis risk factor. The research resulted in the finding that patients with a confirmed atherosclerosis risk factor know the principles of non-pharmacological treatment but they do not observe these principles. The first hypothesis has been confirmed, the second one was disconfirmed. It has also been found out the there are differences in methods and means available to nurses to provide education as impatient and outpatient facilities. The third hypothesis has been confirmed. The results of our research obtained through the work on this paper will be used as background material for nurses? educational activities and thus they may contribute to increasing the preventive measures for patients with a confirmed atherosclerosis risk factor.
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Possibilities of communication improvement with premedicament patient
ROHÁČKOVÁ, Blanka
The main purpose of the thesis was to identify potential for improvement of communication with a pre-medicated patient.This research was motivated by the fact that this subject has not yet been explored and it has not been fully discovered whether the communication needs of patients are sufficiently satisfied before the execution of a medical surgery.This paper was based on a quantitative research, including an anonymous questionnaire concerning areas relevant to the mental state of the patient. One part of the research file was made up of clients hospitalized after a medical surgery. The second part of the file was created from Anestesiology and Operating Room nurses. The best solution seems to be creation of communication standards with pre-medicated patients and elaboration of educational plans for patients before medical surgery.
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