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Checking of clinical functions in patients with multiple cerebrospinal sclerosis - changes after the aerobic training
Sobotková, Lenka ; Řasová, Kamila (advisor) ; Radvanský, Jiří (referee)
The aim of the this dissertation was to introduce a set of examinations of clinical functions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), which would be optimum for utilisation in physiotherapeutic practice, and also to compare changes to the individual examinations of this set after the patients underwent therapy consisting of aerobics training. We also monitored the persistence of the therapy's effect a month after its termination. The research was conducted on a set of 6 probands in the case of whom MS had been definitively confirmed, motor handicaps predominated, and the EDSS ranking was 3 to 5. Aerobic training took place twice a week for eight weeks. The intensity and length délka zátěže were stipulated individually according to the zátěžového vyšetření. After the therapy there were significant improvements (a p-value less than 0.05) only in the examination of cognitive functions, though we recorded a relatively significant improvement (a p-value of almost 0.05) in the case of investigations of balance, the functions of the upper limbs, and trembling in the upper limbs. On the other hand there was a relatively significant deterioration in the investigation of dysmetry in the lower limbs. We ascribe the overall minimal improvements in most of the functions investigated partly to the very unfavourable...
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The effect of multiple sclerosis on psychical health of people suffering from multiple sclerosis
CHROUSTOVSKÁ, Petra
In my thesis, I focused on people with multiple sclerosis and their kin. I followed the issues how this disease affects the psychological perception of people with this disease and how to change the perception of their kin. Sclerosis comes from latin word "skleros" that means "stiff, tough" and multiple stands for the fact that lesions can be formed anywhere in the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease. The cause of this disease is still unknown and there are currently no drugs that would be able to completely stop the disease and cure it. It is a disease of mainly young people between 20 - 40 years. The myelin sheaths disintegrate and the nerve impulses consequently interrupt or slow down in the organism. This process leads to progressive disability of such ill people. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is mainly deals with the fundamental issues of multiple sclerosis. There are stated and described the symptoms of the disease and its treatment, diagnostics of disease and the impact on family, social or work life. The practical part is focused on qualitative research where I addressed two groups of people. The first group consists of people with multiple sclerosis disease. Data was collected by narrative interviews. The second group is formed by kin, where a semi standardized questionnaire was applied. Respondents were selected using the "snowball". The survey conducted among patients resulted in basic finding. For people with good family backgrounds the knowledge of their diagnosis caused decrease of their mental health and mild depression that was usually subsided after treatment with antidepressants and the patient was able to return to active life. For people with impaired family background mental and physical health deteriorated. Immediate family members understand the changes in life values of their loved ones and support them in every new activity. I chose this topic because the number of people with multiple sclerosis is increasing. In this work, I would like to contribute to greater awareness, both patients and company, also support patients and show that even with multiple sclerosis they can live a full life.
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Multiple sclerosis detection
Kopuletý, Michal ; Mangová, Marie (referee) ; Uher, Václav (advisor)
This thesis is focused on detecting multiple sclerosis lesions from magnetic resonance images. Correctly retrieved lesions are very important for medical diagnosis. Detection of lesions using machine learning techniques is quite challenging because of large variability in size, shape and position of lesions in the brain. In the practical part is designed base software, which after completion will classify pixels, so that is possible to find lesions of multiple sclerosis. For classification will be used Support vector machine. Theoretical part describes multiple sclerosis, basic operations performed with biomedical images and data classification.
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Trainable image segmentation using deep neural networks
Majtán, Martin ; Burget, Radim (referee) ; Harár, Pavol (advisor)
Diploma thesis is aimed to trainable image segmentation using deep neural networks. In the paper is explained the principle of digital image processing and image segmentation. In the paper is also explained the principle of artificial neural network, model of artificial neuron, training and activation of artificial neural network. In practical part of the paper is created an algorithm of sliding window to generate sub-images from image from magnetic rezonance. Generated sub-images are used to train, test and validate of the model of neural network. In practical part of the paper si created the model of the artificial neural network, which is used to trainable image segmentation. Model of the neural network is created using the Deeplearning4j library and it is optimized to parallel training using Spark library.
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Computer analysis of medical image data
Krajčír, Róbert ; Šmirg, Ondřej (referee) ; Uher, Václav (advisor)
This work deals with medical image analysis, using variety of statisic and numeric methods implemented in Eclipse and Rapidminer environments in Java programming language. Sets of images (slices), which are used here, are the results of magnetic resonance brain examination of several subejcts. Segments in this 3D image are analyzed and some local features are computed, based on which data sets for use in training algorythms are generated. The ability of successful identification of healthy or unhealthy tissues is then practically tested using available data.
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Access physiotherapy in disorders of postural stability in patients with multiple sclerosis
KRÁLOVÁ, Lucie
The bachelor thesis summarizes the current knowledge of multiple sclerosis. The object of my thesis was to choose the appropriate physiotherapy procedures to influence postural stability in patients with multiple sclerosis. In the theoretical part of it I have dealt with the current situation of the problem, then with ethiopathogenesis, symptoms, pharmacological and rehabilitative treatment. Then I dealt with the functions of the deep stabilization system and methods which can be used to work with. These methods were chosen with regard to the diagnosis MS. The research section includes casuistry of three patients. The kinesiology examination is supplemented by testing in posturograph which patients undertaken at the beginning of the three-month therapy and after its completion. This section contains actual status of the patients, their medical history, designs short-term rehabilitation plan, a description of rehabilitation and long-term rehabilitation plan and overall assessment of therapy and research. The whole research took place over a period of three months. Two patients attending for treatment in a rehabilitation clinic in J.Hradci, therapy third patient was at home through briefing. After three months of therapy, I evaluated the effectiveness of exercise based on the input and output tests, balance tests and examinations on posturograph. I also took into account the patients' subjective feelings. Physiotherapy had an impact primarily on the breathing stereotype and better postural stability when standing. Furthermore, the psychological state of patients also improved. Physiotherapy may interfere with some clinical symptoms of MS. It helps to improve the quality of life, improve self-sufficiency and engage individuals in active life. However, we have to expect short-term effect and that it is necessary to rehabilitate all the time. Also, we must continue to adapt to the development of the disease and the current condition of the patient.
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Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient with the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
BÁRTOVÁ, Adéla
The thema of this bachelor thesis is "Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient with the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis". The severity of multiple sclerosis incrementaly increases as the incidency of this disease - globaly and in the Czech Republic as well - rapidly grows year by year. Multiple sclerosis -as an autoaggressive chronic disease - is still incurable, however, plenty of changes in the diagnosis and the therapy have emerged during last years. This illness afflicts mostly persons during the productive period of their lifes. The patient is often without clinical symptoms during the first few years, which, until recently, misled to an idea that there is no urgent need to apply a long-term medical treatment. Today it is evident that only early executed diagnosis and early started therapy afterwards can prevent from the permanent neurologic impairment of the patient. Besides the pharmacological treatment, there is also physiotherapy which helps patients to live an active and valuable life. The point of this paper is to illustrate a complex view of this problem. The first, theoretical part deals with multiple sclerosis as a whole, with the goal to summarize the latest knowledge and findings about this disease. It describes the potential causes of the origin of the disease, its occurrence, particular symptoms, development of the disease, different types of the disease and the possible diagnosis together with the differential diagnosis. The ending of the theoretical part informs about the therapy comprising the pharmacological treatment and the complications it may bear, and the rehabilitation treatment summarizing therapy of all symptoms, which can appear. Nowadays, it is possible to find different approaches in the rehabilitation of multiple sclerosis. But according to many physiotherapy studies those methodologies, which are based on the neurophysiological fundamentals, were already very positively aplied on the patients. It is an objective of the practical part of my thesis to introduce one of these methodologies. The impact of an aplication of the individual physiotherapy, which utilizes the neurophysiological findings, can be evaluated by comparing the results from the entering and exit. This work is conceived as a case study in the form of casuistry. Qualitative research based on the data collection was chosen to verify the efficiency of the aplied physiotherapy. Data was obtained by interviews, observation, analyses of medical records and kinesiology testing. An entering and exit examination, comprised from the set of tests, were performed after the six months therapy to assess changes in the clinical conditions of the patient. These tests allows the therapist to comprehensively evaluate the effect of the rehabilitation on the patients with the central disabilities, particularly on the patients with multiple sclerosis. Tests were selected regarding the clinical signs of the disease. There were examinations done to test the balance, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, scales of postural reactions, walking, muscle strength and spasticity. The test of grabbing ability was done to examinate the light motor skills and goniometry was aplied to determine the joint's range of mobility. The results of the research proven, that the individual physiotherapy employing findings in neurophysiology together with aerobic therapy and other techniques appropriately selected with the respect to the actual complications of the patient has a positive effect on the overall condition of the patient. This bachelor thesis can serve as a theoretical basis for the teaching needs or as an informational source for all, who are interested in the multiple sclerosis disease issue. It can also be an inspiration for physiotherapists on how to proceed in the rehabilitation of patients with multiple sclerosis.
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Pregnancy of woman with multiple sclerosis
DUBOVÁ, Pavla
This bachelor thesis is focused on problematic of multiple sclerosis during in pregnancy period, during the birth and followed during confinement. It is autoimmune neurologic illness, which defines itself with many inflammatory focus in spinal cord and white brain mass, which then damages the cover of nerve fiber. This results in loosing of axons, to damage of structure and function of cells, which are in central nerve system.Thanks to scientific progress and new diagnostic criteria it is possible today to get very precise diagnosis already after first MRI, which enables the doctors to immediately start with cure which significantly postpones invalidity. Multiple sclerosis is illness which often affects young people, and women in fertility period even twice more often. Therefore there is the question, what about the pregnancy in combination with this illness, important not just for women affected by this illness and having the role of mother, but also for the whole society. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces the multiple sclerosis. In several chapters is presented epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, the forms of illness, clinical symptoms, diagnosis and cure. The thesis in more detail with problematic of parenting and multiple sclerosis. In this part several chapters deals with for example planning of parenting, pregnancy with multiple sclerosis, the way of birth, confinement and breast feeding while being affected with MS. In the end, the theoretical part is finalized with some information about how should birth assistant take care for pregnant women with MS during pregnancy, birth and confinement. There are three aims of this bachelor thesis. First was to put together a literal review about problematic of pregnancy and women with MS. Second aim was to observe if the pregnancy, birth and post birth period had any effect on making the MS worse. The third aim was, to find out if pregnant women with MS were informed about the effect of pregnancy on their illness. The theoretical part is followed by practical part with its qualitative research. Based on established targets were used few research questions and with help of half-standardized interview the relevant answers from three respondents were acquired. He answers were then processed into case studies. From accessible theoretic data it is possible to finally state, that if woman with MS decides to ave children, she should plan her pregnancy in the period when the illness is stabilized, that means in the period of six to twelve months without attack. She should be always under control of specialists, consult her decision with her neurologist, possibly based on his recommendation also with other specialists. Before planned birth, the MS affected women should discontinue the treatment in case of medicaments of first choice, where was not proved its teratogenicity. The woman should plan her parenthood with regard to her family support, when the family should help her with taking care for the child. Professional publications don?t prove any negative effect of MS on pregnancy. Actually these publications prove that the pregnancy has good effect on multiple sclerosis. It is very important to cooperate with neurologist especially during critical three months after birth. From results of many researches, we know that even though some attacks occurred during pregnancy, it didn?t have any negative impact on deterioration of their neurologic deficit. If respondents were interested to get information regarding this problematic they got them from their neurologists. They also tried to search for information on internet, for example on website of Union Roska. Just one respondent would be happy to get the information more integrated, maybe in book form.Midwife should be oriented at least in basics of MS problematic, because they may help the woman to get through her pregnancy, birth and confinement period.
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