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Phylogenetic relationships of some spirurine nematodes (Nematoda: Chromadorea: Rhabditida: Spirurina) parasitic in fishes inferred from SSU rRNA gene sequences
ČERNOTÍKOVÁ, Eva
Small subunit rRNA sequences were obtained from 38 representatives mainly of the nematode orders Spirurida (Camallanidae, Cystidicolidae, Daniconematidae, Philometridae, Physalopteridae, Rhabdochonidae, Skrjabillanidae) and, in part, Ascaridida (Anisakidae, Cucullanidae, Quimperiidae). The examined nematodes are predominantly parasites of fishes. Their analyses provided well-supported trees allowing the study of phylogenetic relationships among some spirurine nematodes. The present results support the placement of Cucullanidae at the base of the suborder Spirurina and, based on the position of the genus Philonema (subfamily Philoneminae) forming a sister group to Skrjabillanidae (thus Philoneminae should be elevated to Philonemidae), the paraphyly of the Philometridae. Comparison of a large number of sequences of representatives of the latter family supports the paraphyly ofthe genera Philometra, Philometroides and Dentiphilometra. The validity of the newly included genera Afrophilometra and Caranginema is supported. These results indicate geographical isolation has not been the cause of speciation in this parasite group and no coevolution with fish hosts is apparent. On the contrary, the group of South-American species of Alinema, Nilonema and Rumai is placed in an independent branch, thus markedly separated from other family members. Molecular data indicate that the skrjabillanid subfamily Esocineminae (represented by Esocinema bohemicum) should be either elevated to the rank of an idependent family or Daniconematidae (Mexiconema africanum) should be decreased to Daniconematinae and transferred to the family Skrjabillanidae. Camallanid genera Camallanus and Procamallanus, as well as the subgenera Procamallanus and Spirocamallanus are confirmed to be paraphyletic. Paraphyly has also been found within Filarioidea, Habronematoidea and Thelazioidea and in Cystidicolidae, Physalopteridae and Thelaziidae. The results of the analyses also show that Neoascarophis, Spinitectus and Rhabdochona are monophyletic, in contrast to the paraphyletic genus Ascarophis. They further confirm the independence of two subgenera, Rhabdochona and Globochona, in the genus Rhabdochona. The necessity of further studies of fish-parasitizing representatives of additional nematode families not yet studied by molecular methods, such as Guyanemidae, Lucionematidae or Tetanonematidae, is underscored.
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Tapinothrix clintonii sp. nov. (Pseudanabaenaceae, Cyanobacteria), nový druh na pomezí pěti rodů
BOHUNICKÁ, Markéta
Previously unknown cyanobacterium was found in Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah, USA. Looking at morphological characteristics, an argument could be made to place this taxon in any of the following genera: Ammatoidea, Homoeothrix, Leptolyngbya, Phormidiochaete, and Tapinothrix. Phylogeny based on 16S rDNA suggested that the taxon belongs into family Pseudanabaenaceae and is closely related to Leptolyngbya sensu stricto. However, it possess distinctive morphology of heteropolar tapered filaments and unique 16S-23S ITS sequence and secondary structure. Therefore an assignment into pseudanabaenalean genus Tapinothrix was made and the species was described as Tapinothrix clintonii.
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Phylogenetic analyses of myxosporeans based on the molecular data
BARTOŠOVÁ, Pavla
This thesis is focused on the assessment of the phylogenetic position of the Myxozoa within the Metazoa, study of the evolutionary relationships within myxosporeans and investigation into the cryptic species assemblages of several myxosporeans based on the ribosomal and protein-coding data. The major part of this work was to confirm the evolutionary trends within myxosporeans based on a single gene by other molecular markers in order to find out if the reconstructed relationships correspond to the real organismal phylogeny. This has been a crucial step for future actions in solving the discrepancies between the myxosporean phylogeny and taxonomy.
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Floristic research in the basin of Pozdeňský and Bilíchovský creeks of Slánsko
BERANOVÁ, Hana
ANNOTATION Hana Beranová University of south Bohemia in České Budějovice {--} Faculty of education {--} department of biology Course: M7504 Teacher for grammar schools Fields of study: Teaching of biology, Teaching of chemistry Floristic research of catchment area of Pozdeň stream and Bílichov stream round Slaný Diploma thesis 2008 The study deals with a description of vegetation of catchment area of Bakov stream and Zlonice stream. In title of study are used the names Pozdeň stream and Bílichov stream, but it{\crq}s only local description. The search had been realised during the vegetation seasons of the years 2006 and 2007. There are characterised geological-petrographical, soil, climatic, hydrographic ratios and basic phytogeographical characteristics of this area in the form of a search. Selected genera of the observed plants are characterised and their incidence is figured in the schematic map of the area. There were found out 299 genera of plants, from which there are 48 stated in the Červený a černý seznam cévnatých rostlin České republiky (stav v roce 2000) (Procházka F. (ed.), 2001). There are described locations of important genera of plants. In discussion of the thesis are described factors, which influence the incidence of some genera of plants. In the annex there are attached schematic maps with places of occurence of the plant genera and photographic documentation. Head of the diploma thesis: Mgr. Rostislav Černý, CSc.
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A taxonomy of the genus \kur{Stigeoclonium} in the Czech Republic
CAISOVÁ, Lenka
The genus Stigeoclonium is taxonomically very problematic. The relationships between species of this genus are very little known. There are only a few studies that deal with only morphological revision of the genus Stigeoclonium. Hovewer, up to now no phylogenetic analysis of this genus exists. This study summarizes the knowledge about the genus Stigeoclonim in the Czech Republic and shows the first phylogenetic analysis of this genus.
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Variation in the \kur{Melampyrum sylvaticum} group
TĚŠITEL, Jakub
This study deals with morphological variation in the Melampyrum sylvaticum group (Orobanchaceae). Populations of the Hercynian Massif, Western and Eastern Carpathians were investigated using both conventional and geometric morphometric methods. Individual morphological characters were evaluated in detail. Preliminary taxonomic concept of the group is presented. Biogeographical context of detected morphological variation is discussed.
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