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Působení vybraných vlivů na užitkovost masných plemen skotu
PISKAČ, Zdeněk
This thesis deals with the evaluation of factors affecting the determination of meat production. Meat production is increasingly popular indicator in cattle, due to the increase in the number of bred suckler cows, as a result of poor economics of dairy farming. The aim was to ensure and evaluate the results of influences on the results of performance tests in selected breeding cattle. As selected influences were chosen order of calving difficulty giving birth, month of birth of the calf, breeding value of mother, father. Do assessment was included in one group of purebred females breed Blonde d'Aquitaine, watched over 7 years. Checking performance was monitored pure breed Blonde d'Aquitaine breed in the stable Skrýšov, which include farm Krasna Hora nad Vltavou. Among the most significant findings made include weight 205,13 kilogram in 120 days in calves born from cows with breeding value 121-140. Weights reached 332,43 calves from bull ZBA 723 at 210 days of age. A bull calves from ZBA 375 was weighed average weight at 365 days, 544, 43 kilograms
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Use of ethology in breeding beef cattle herds in organic farming
LEVOROVÁ, Silvie
The aim of this thesis was to obtain and evaluate information from behavioural monitoring of beef cattle herd (cows, bull, calves) reared in the suckler system in the year-round grazing. The beef herd situated in the Pilsen region near Přeštice and is owned by private breeder was chosen for observation. Basic herd consisted of 20 cows with calves and one Charolais sire. There were three ethological observations, two observations in 2014 and one observation in 2015, duration of observations was 24 hours. The course of each category of behaviour was recorded by interval group method with interval length of 5 minutes. Activities as feed intake, rest, standing and movement. It was also reported comfort, sexual and maternal behaviour within the herd. The longest period of cows feed intake was recorded at the end of the grazing season (30.56% of the day, i.e. 7.33 hours). In contrast, feed intake took cattle in the winter months only 28.31% of the day (6.8 hours). Values in the standing category were not substantially different during the year. The longest standing time in the spring and autumn (5.97 hours respectively. 5.95 hours), standing time in the winter was shortened to 5.56 hours. Locomotion activity of animals in the spring reached 7.78%, i.e. 1.87 hour and due to the fact that cattle was still fed hay, but also first low vegetation started to grow in some areas and animals on its wintering actively sought it. In contrast, in the autumn the value was only 2.43%, i.e. 0.58 hours of the day due to sufficient suitable pasture. In the winter due to bad weather conditions, the value also decreased to 7.8%, i.e. 1.88 hours of the day. The longest representation of rest category in form of laying was recorded in the herd in autumn at level of 10.13 hours of the day (i.e. 40.22% of the day). In the spring rest category took 9.00 hours (i.e. 37.48%). The form of animal husbandry at the farm was in correspondence with the natural biorhythms of the animals and allowed them to freely demonstrate natural instincts and behaviour. Based on the findings it is possible to judge that the system of suckler beef herds is useful in terms of ensuring animal welfare and Charolais breed is exercisable under those conditions.
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Analysis of the performance of beef cattle herds
ŠEBELKA, Štěpán
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the chosen effects of control of performance on the growth of calves in the most common meat breeds of the South Bohemian region (Aberdeen Angus, Charolais, Limousine, Beef Simmental) involved in the monitoring of performance of beef cattle during the period 2009 - 2014. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate what influences affect the weight of beef calves during their rearing. When comparing the average weight of calves according to breed, the highest weight at birth were (42.37 kg), at 120 days (191.32 kg), at 210 days (307.65 kg) and at 365 days (503.53 kg) with the Charolais breed. When examining the influence of year of calving at the birth weight at 120, 210, and 365 days, it was found that calves of Limousine breed clearly reached the highest weight in 2012 in all age categories. In determining the effect of month of calving for the birth weight at 120 and 210 days of age, the best months are December to March for Aberdeen Angus and April was the best month for calving for Beef Simmental. The period of calving is going from winter until spring months. Aberdeen Angus cows up to the fifth calving make up 73.29 % of the herd. When examining the influence of calving order to calves weighing at 120, 210 and 365 days of age, the worst of all breeds are calves from the first calving. At 120 and 210 days of age, Aberdeen Angus calves were at the highest weight with the 6th calving, Limousine breed were at the highest weight of calves with the 9th calving. At 365 days of age, Aberdeen Angus calves had the highest weight with the third calving. Rearing management breed is clearly the best with breeders who participate in national exhibitions and produce bulls and heifers. Relative breeding values of the Fathers for Direct effect - growth (Peru) and relative breeding values for maternal maternal effect - growth (Meru), have verifiable affect on the weight of calves
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Analysis of a Salers cattle herd
BÍNOVÁ, Hana
The aim of this Bachelor's thesis is to evaluate the yield level in farming of meat beef-cattle of salers bred in a private farm of David Krejcar's in the village of Žďár near Protivín. The observed period included the years 2010 till 2014. The evaluation concerns 36 heads of purebred breeding-cows and 70 heads of claves in total in the observed period. The number of calving, the age of breeding-cows at the first calving, the length of mean-time, difficulties of birth delivery, and reasons for elimination from the herd were recorded for every breeding-cow. Regarding the calves, their live weigh at the birth, at the age of 120 and 210 days were recorded. The set of the calves was categorised according to the year of birth, sex, the month of birth, the way of breeding, individuality of bull, and the order of birth. The data were statistically analysed using MS Excel and the programme STATISTICA 12 by StatSoft. The average mean-time, considering the whole herd, was 389.4 days. The breeding-cows were, at the first calving, 1.090,4 days (i. e. 36.3 months) old on average. The ratio of easy birth deliveries was 98.75 %. The average live weight, regardless the sex of the calves, was 36.66 kg. At the age of 120 days, the calves weighed 170.44 kg and 273.20 kg at the age of 210 days. The calves born in 2011 had the highest average birth-weight, which was 39.27 kg. The highest average weights in 120 days were in year 2013. Regarding the calves old 210 days, it was 289.96 kg in year 2014. It has not been proven that the breeding way influences the growth of the calves. All the observed weights of calves increased up to the fourth calving of the breeding cows. There were 13 bulls chosen for the breeding out of the total of 19 bulls in the herd.
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Fertility Results in Beef Cattle: Insemination v. Embryo Transfer
KOČOVSKÁ, Michaela
This thesis focuses on the fertility and fertility results in a monitored breeding herd of Limousin beef cattle. It includes a brief discussion of calf birth weights, their viability, and the time of calving. Taking this information into account, the main objective of this thesis is to present concise and accurate information regarding the age of purebred and crossbred heifers when they are first included in the reproduction process. The thesis also aims to evaluate the pregnancy success rates for insemination, embryo transfer, and natural breeding. Finally, the thesis tracks the calving difficulties experienced by cows and heifers after artificial reproduction methods and natural breeding. The conclusion includes calf birth weight figures and identifies the weight difference between newborn bulls and heifers. The results were evaluated using basic statistical characteristics. The collected data was analyzed according to the breeding method used and taking into account whether a cow or a heifer was involved. The age of purebred heifers during their first breeding is 26.1 months. The age of crossbred heifers included in the reproduction process as embryo recipients was 22.6 months. In the case of natural breeding, the crossbred heifers were first included at the age of 28 months due to the seasonality of the breeding season. The pregnancy success rate for first breeding by insemination is comparable to that for embryo transfer 62% and 63% respectively; in the case of natural breeding, the success rate is 92%. The highest number of easy births was determined for natural breeding (95%), followed by insemination (89%), and embryo transfer (only 61%). The birth weight of heifers was 2 kg less than that of bulls, and thus the number of easy births was higher. The average birth weight in 2014 was 41 kg. The top calving time was between midnight and 4:00 am (30% of the breeding cows).
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The comparison of fattening results of two beef breed bulls
VEITHOVÁ, Michaela
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to compare the growth ability of two beef breeds, namely Aberdeen Angus and Simmental. Monitoring was carried out on Pěčín Angus Farm led by Mr. Lepš, and data was obtained from 30 bulls, of which 17 were Aberdeen Angus and 13 were Simmental. During the first grazing season bulls were at pasture with their mothers, in winter they were housed in wintering, and from April they were at pasture again. Data for the period of two years was collected. The slaughter weight and age, average daily gain and net gain of bulls were detected. Bulls were classified by the year of birth and breed. Within the breed, the year of birth, the meatiness grade and fat cover classification grade (according to SEUROP classification system) were used as other selection criteria. The dates were processed in Microsoft Excel and Statsoft Statistica. In order to evaluate selected factors, basic statistical values were calculated (the number, the mean, the maximum and minimum, the standard deviation), statistical differences were calculated by t-test and F-test. The average weight of bulls born in 2011 was 744.6 kg and was reached at the age of 638 days. The average daily gain of these bulls was 1109.9 g. The average slaughter weight of bulls born in 2012 was lower (713.8 kg) and was reached later (691 days). The average daily gain of these bulls was 987.8 g. The difference in the average daily gain was statistically significant (P 0.01). Slaughter weight 733.3 kg at the age of 688 days and average daily gain of 1019.8 g was observed within group of Aberdeen Angus bulls. The slaughter weight 721.5 kg at the average slaughter age of 637 days was determined within group of Simmental bulls. Their average daily gain was 1077.8 g. The difference between breeds was statistically significant only in the slaughter age whereas Aberdeen Angus bulls were slaughtered 51 days later (688 vs 637 days, P 0.05). Aberdeen Angus bulls were classified as the "U" meatiness grade with an average slaughter weight of 753.0 kg. The bulls of the "R" meatiness grade had lower slaughter weight (703 kg). Simmental bulls of the "U" meatiness grade reached slaughter weight of 731.6 kg, whereas bulls included into the "R" meatiness grade had an average slaughter weight of 709.7 kg.
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Analysis of the behaviour of selected categories of breeding cows
VESELÁ, Tereza
The aim of this thesis was to assess the differences in behavior of the two categories of beef cattle of Limousine breed, reared in the system without market production of milk, specifically heifers and cows with calves. Two seasons were selected (summer and winter) for the observation and the accent was on observing basic categories of behavior, such as feed intake, rest, standing and movement. The place where the research took place was the farm "Černěveský háj" located on the boundary of Strakonice, Prachatice and Budějovice district. Both behavioral studies were conducted for whole twenty-four hours. For night monitoring hunting camera with programmable video recording was used. The recorded data were written to the ethogram using descriptive interval method with length of interval of 10 minutes. During both observations the fundamental rules of ethology were respected. Traced values were evaluated by absolute time, its percentage and frequency and were subsequently completed with appropriate description. The results from this ethological research of heifers and cows with calves during two different seasons show that older cows have more regular and more keep basic categories of behavior during the day and more extend their regular behavior even throughout the year. Older subjects are able to make better use of pasture than heifers and address to it more time of the day (40% resp. 35%). During consummation of preserved feed ration heifers shortened their feed intake compared to cows (39% resp. 31%). By heifers there was also significant movement restriction, but to a lesser extent than in the case of cows. At the same time heifers prolonged period of rest from 33% to 50%. In conclusion, the obtained results show that the area in which the cows are kept is suitable for raising beef cattle without market production of milk. The breeder could only focus more on supplementing of graze with elements supporting natural welfare of beef cattle in year-round grazing.
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Welfare of beef cattle to pasture breeding.
KUKLÍK, Ondřej
The bachelor thesis is focusing on animal welfare of beef cattle raised on the pasture. The aim of this work is to track the health of cattle on the pasture, disease occurrences and influence on the performance of the herd, used metods of prevention and healing and estimated expenses. During collecting of data and their evaluation was discovered that welfare in this herd is on a good level. Regarding disseases and health problems by beef cattle there appeared only two problems by three cows retention of placenta after the calving and by two calves noninfectious diarrhoea and temperature.
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