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Impact of direct investments to development of communities
SKALOVÁ, Hana
This bachelor thesis is focused on the theoretical effects of foreign direct investments onto development of communities. The main objective is to explore if and how the inflow of foreign investments influences the development of local municipality. To explore the objective, basic mathematical functions are used and the result tells us the amount of funds paid to the municipal budget from companies with direct foreign funding. Other results tell us how significant this income is for the chosen municipality. In the practical part of the thesis closely focuses on the impact of direct investment on the development of the towns of Klatovy, Pisek and Žďár nad Sázavou
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Family policy in the Czech Republic on the level of local communities
Čadyová, Barbora ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
This work concerns the topic of family policy at the level of local communities in the Czech Republic in recent years from demographic view. After summarizing the basic data and the literature used in this work is this work focused on the introduction to the problems of family policy, especially at the regional level, in terms of its definition, objectives, actors, tools and so on. The work is dedicated to outlining and evaluating the state of family policy at the level of local communities and based on the selected municipalities provides good practice examples. The work also focuses on the fertility of these communities between 1996 and 2010. The final section attempts on the basis of the results obtained to draw some recommendations for the implementation of family policy at the municipal level.
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Biocentres and biocorridors in agricultural landscape - importance for communities of epigeic beetles (\kur{Coleoptera})
KREJČA, Mikoláš
At four different locations in southern Bohemia in Písek region there were monitored communities of epigeic beetles. Locations occurred in the agricultural landscape, which is influenced by human activities. One of the sites was spruces monoculture about 60 years old, other locations were meadow, waterlogged meadow and wheat field. Locations had biocentres and agrocenosis function. Pitfall traps method was used to obtain samples of epigeic beetles. In total, 2268 samples of epigeic beetles were obtained (12 families and 56 species). The largest number of beetles was found at locations wheat field, waterlogged meadow and forest, and in a number of 656 individuals in waterlogged meadow 634 individuals in the field and 583 individuals in the woods. The smallest number of 395 individuals was found in the meadow. Sorting of beetles was done according to the sensitivity to anthropogenic impacts (relict species R1, adaptive species R2 and eurytopic species E). On the surveyed locations only adaptive (R2) and eurytopic (E) species were discovered. Relict species (R1) were not present. Adaptable (R2) species were found 20 in the surveyed areas and eurytopic (E) 36 species. Anthropogenic influence index of epigeic beetles communities came in low figures. Low value tells us that beetle communities are strongly influenced by human activities. The most influenced locations were wheat field (1,11) and meadows (1,27) and the least affected area was the forest (20,42). Waterlogged meadows was also strongly influenced in a anthropogenic way, but it was better than a meadow and wheat field (2,29).
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Preferences of the basic components of food by central European speciens of ants.
NOSKOVÁ, Lenka
This thesis has two parts: the first brings an overview of the role of various foods and nutrients in ants, the second presents the results of an experiment focused on preference of the basic components of food by central European species of ants. In the experiment we provided ants with six different baits (water, 1% sodium chlorid, olive oil, 20% amino acid glutamine, artificial honey [10% sucrose + 10% amino acid] and 20% sucrose). Total, 187 of 690 traps were visited by ants. There were 26 recorded species of ants. Preference of four most abundant species differed. F. polyctena attended most of the offered baits, while other species preferred the sugar components. In general, ants preferred artificial honey and sucrose, regardless of the season and habitats. Additional field tests with different bait concentration of salt and sucrose showed the same preferences regardless of bait type and no additive effects of the amino acid in the sucrose baits. The results of the experiment show a surprisingly consistent and strong preference of central European species of ants for sugars.
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Biodiversity of model agroecosystems on the ecological farm in the vicinity of České Budějovice (Lišov)
POJSL, Miroslav
Epigeic beetle communities were studied on three agroecosystems with different crops grown. All three agroecosystems were located in the vicinity of Ceske Budejovice (Lišov). The first eco-agroecosystem was alfalfa field. On the second one was meadow. The third eco-agroecosystem was permanent grassland. The agroekosystems differd not only in crops but also in agrotechnical operations during the capture. For all agroecosystems was for capture of the organisms used method of pitfall traps. Subsequently, those organisms have been studied. Then was studied the measure of human impact on the biodiversity of species of different ecological groups found in these locations.
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Biodiversity of model agroecosystems on the ecological farm in the foothills of Šumava Mts.
OUŘEDNÍK, David
The content of the thesis was research and study of the epigeal beetle communities at three different sites in the cadastral municipality Mačice near village Soběšice in Western Region. Habitats were managed under organic farming. Specifically there were three different sites, a field sown triticale, meadow and pasture. Method of pitfall traps was used for the collection of biological material. In total, there were intercepted and identified 640 individuals from 57 species and 14 families in the reporting period. In all of the habitats, species of beetles family (Carabidae) (23 species) were mostly represented, followed by family rove beetles (Staphylinidae) (11 species) and family carrion (Silphidae) (6 species). Most individuals were found at the field habitat with the numbers in total of 255 (30 species from 8 families), followed by habitat meadow with 198 individuals (36 species from 9 families) and the pasture habitat with 187 individuals (34 species from 10 families). The species spectrum of epigeal beetles was divided into groups according to the sensitivity to anthropogenic influences. Species that do not have special requirements on the quality and nature of the environment (group E) dominated in all habitats with 48 species. Total of nine species inhabiting habitats moderately affected by human activities (group R2) were found in all habitats, the least of them occurred in the field (1 species) , pasture (5 species) and at the meadow were found most (6 species). Index of anthropogenic impacts shows that these are very heavily modified habitats. When comparing individual sites, field habitat (ISD 1,67 %) was found to be the most affected. The least affected was the meadow habitat (ISD 8,34 %). As a result we can conclude that the hypothesis that organic farming has a positive impact on biodiversity was not confirmed.
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Military areas as biocentres in cultural landscape
VOTRUBEC, Martin
Communities of epigeic beetles were studied on two localities: Třebovice in the military area Boletice and Vadkov in the foodhill of Blanský les Landscape Protected Area in South Bohemia. The distance between localities is 7,25 km. Six biotopes were studied in both localities: grasslands, wetlands, fields, coniferous forest habitat, habitat mixed forest and deciduous forest habitat. Pitfall traps were used for collecting of material in period May - November 2012. Together 5 families (Carabidae, Elateridae, Silphidae, Curculionidae, Geotrupidae), 18 species and 1426 specimen of epigeic beetles were collected. Species were divided according to their ecological requirements of anthropogenic tolerancy into three groups (I and II relics and eurytopic species) (Boháč, 1999). In the monitored area Trebovice I found a total of 5 families with 16 species, compared to 3 for the families of the 11 species in Vadkov. The activity of beetles was very similar in both localities (Trebovice - 726 specimen, Vadkov - 700 specimen). The dominant families in number of species at both monitored localities family Carabid (Třebovice 9 species of Carabid, Vadkov 7 species Carabid). On the other side by carabid individuals was the activity distinctly higher in Třebovice (239 specimen carabid) than in Vadkov (38 specimen carabid). Adaptable species (RII 13 species) prevailed over expansionnists (E 5 species) in both localities. In the locality Třebovice was found 29.4% expansive species (E) against the area Vadkov 18.2% expansive species (E). Species that are tied to the habitats moderately influenced by man, known as relics of the second order (RII), in the vicinity of Třebovice occurred in 70.6% and in 81.8% Vadkov. Groups relics of the first order (RI) in the monitored areas were not detected. Index of human impact showed slightly better values at locations on the outskirts of Blanský les (Vadkov) (50%) than in the military area Třebovice (49,17%). Greater species diversity (Třebovice 16 species, Vadkov 11 species) and abundance (Třebovice 726 specimen, Vadkov 700 specimen) of beetles was in fond in the military area. This demonstrates that military area Boletice habitats are important for the survival of many species and serves as a source of biodiversity for neighboring stations.
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Landscape structure and biodiversity - a proposal of landscape structure to reach higher biodiversity and sustainability in cadaster of Pěčín (Landscape Protected Area Orlické hory)
LEDEČOVÁ, Jana
In the present planning work there was studied the influence of anthropogenic load of the species of epigenic beetles in the cultural landscape. The landscape fragmentation has the primarily very significant impact on the ability of the survival of populations of beatle species. Using ground traps filled with ethylene glycol was realised capture of epigenic samples. The samples were classified according to the degree of tolerance to the antropogenic load into three groups. The first group forms eurytop samples with neutral habitat demands, which occurs in habitats very influenced by human being . The second group (RII) consists of more adaptable samples capable populate habitats medium influenced by man. The last one consists of samples with closest ecologic quantivalence - the relicts of I.cohort (R I). They have often character of relicts and in our monitored localities were not find on the whole. The traps were installed in four types of locations - cultural forest, wildlife corridor, field and along the stream. All the sites were located in the land register of the willage Pěčín in the part which is situated in the protected landscape area of Eagle mountains. The highest activity of samples and specimens was recorded in the field where predominated europyt sorts. In the other stations were higher occurence of more adaptable species. The land composition has the influence above all on the generic constitution of communities. In the landscape with a higher fragmentation and more land use predominate eurotop samples with less demands for habitat. Construed study confirmed this presumptions.
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Different type of biomass parcels after the harvest as a microbiotope for invertebrates
MACHOVEC, Jiří
Epigeic beetle communities were studied on four types of biomass bales in the cadastral unit Vrbice u Žitné, district Prachatice. Involved were bales a of grass silage stored on the edge of permanent grassland, on hay bales individually placed on permanent grassland , followed by straw bales scattered in the fields of arable land and straw bales stored on the edge of arable land. The first three types of bales were in position only few months (2-3), while straw bales at the fourth position had been more than one year. The sampling method was selected a sieving of detritus. In the bales of hay were found 9 species of 5 families. In hay bales were found 7 species of 4 families. In the straw bales (which spent in position less time - 3 months), were found 10 species of 6 families. In the bales which were in position 13 months, were found 14 species of 4 families. Index of anthropogenic influence on communities demonstrated that the positions are strongly influenced.
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