|
Modelling snow accumulation and melting in the Bystřice River basin
Kutláková, Lucie ; Daňhelka, Jan (referee) ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor)
Dealing with the issue of spring flood events is primarily based on their causes. It is therefore important to study the processes of snow accumulation and snowmelt especially in mountain areas where the development of snow water equivalent (SWE) is primarily observed. The snow water equivalent indicates amount of the water in the snow and thus represents a runoff volume during the spring melting period and demonstrates the flood risk potential. In this thesis the lumped modelling approach of the rainfall-runoff model HEC- HMS was used. The model was applied in the Bystřice River basin in the Ore Mountains where the field measurements of the snow cover and SWE is carried out. Applied temperature-index method is the well-developed method because it takes into account both the melting during precipitation and melting in the period without any precipitation and aims to capture snow energy balance by means of air temperature. Three winter periods (2006, 2008 and 2009) were simulated. The evolution of the snow water equivalent was observed and the agreement between observed and simulated hydrographs was assessed in the closure profile Ostrov. Published results show the influence of winter course and character on the model capability to simulate the snow water equivalent and runoff. The observed and...
|
| |
|
Hydrobiologie poříčních tůní dolního Podyjí v souvislosti s obnovou hydrologického režimu lužního lesa
Heteša, Jiří ; Keršner, Vladimír ; Marvan, Petr ; Sukop, I.
Alluvial pools of Lower Dyje River Basin were markedly affected by river bed canalisation and construction of three shallow reservoirs in seventies and eighties. As a consequence of groundwater decrease many periodic pools became extinct and survival of numerous plant and animal species in the whole complex of floodplain forest seriously endangered. On the other hand, other species, like e.g. halophilous diatoms, appeared and found convenient living conditions in waters with increased electrolyte concentration. River water supply into pools suffering from lack of water is associated with risks of lowering indigenous biodiversity and introducing undesirable organisms, especially water bloom forming cyanobacteria.
|
| |
|
The Factor of Water in Central Asia
Kopajová, Zuzana ; Horák, Slavomír (advisor) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
The final thesis Factor o f Water in Central Asia presents an analysis of the phenomena of trans-boundary water interaction in the Aral Sea basin. Particular attention is given to the emerging political inter-state and regional affairs, connected to international management and security at Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers. Global hydro-politics debates offer various theoretical frameworks of approaching the inter-state water relations. Theories such as Integrated Water Resource Management, Environmental Security and Hydro-Hegemony are explored with the ambition to find a comprehensive research background for our case studies. Thereafter, the theory is applied to the particular negotiating constellations in the Central Asian water basins. The case studies at Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers illustrate several interesting cleavages, for example between: (1) upstream and downstream riparian states; (2) irrigation and hydropower; (3) water and energy; (4) geopolitics and international law; (5) national and regional affairs. Central Asian water situation is perceived in the context of geopolitics; economic and human development; culturally-historical background and future potential challenges. Further we present, the overall tendencies in the Newly Independent States, consequences of the Aral Sea catastrophe and the...
|
|
Application of SPE and technology of monolithic columns for HPLC analysis of biologically active compounds.
Horčičková, Šárka ; Šatínský, Dalibor (referee) ; Solich, Petr (advisor)
The solid phase extraction (SPE) is an effective, reliable and selective modern method for sample preparation of biological material before chromatographic analysis. In this graduation thesis the new SPE method for isolation of vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol), D3 (cholecalciferol) and its metabolite 25 - (OH) D3 (calcidiol) simultaneously with vitamin A (retinol) and E (α-tocopherol) in human serum was developed. The vitamins were subsequently determined by validated high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) using tocol as internal standard. The developed SPE procedure: Firstly 250 l of human serum was pipetted to glass tube and 1000 l of cool ethanol (4řC) was added. Sample was shaken and left 10 minutes in a refrigerator at 4řC for deproteinisation. After centrifugation (4 000 x g, 15 minutes, 4řC) all supernatant was carefully removed and applied into pre-treatment SPE column (firstly washed with 1 ml of methanol, then with 1 ml of distilled water). During these two steps the sorbent must not be dried up. The vitamins were eluted by 1.5 ml of methanol and then 2.0 ml of n-hexane. The organic solutions were evaporated in the vacuum concentrator at a temperature of 45 ř C. The residue was dissolved in 250 l of methanol and analyzed by using HPLC method. HPLC method: Mobile phase - A:...
|
| |
|
Study of Constructed Treatment Wetland Reconstruction for Dražovice Village
Roupec, Ladislav ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The constructed wetlands, which have been being created in the Czech Republic since early 90s, are designed so they do not allow successful removal of ammonia nitrogen. Almost all of these 300 registered constructed wetlands suffer from the colmatage which leads to the lowest effectiveness of treatment in nearly all parameters. The main effort of the Institute of landscape water management is to get rid of bad reputation and to clarify the reason that leads to unsatisfactory conditions of constructed wetlands. The diploma thesis focuses on the selected constructed wetland in Dražovice (850 EO), which removes ammonia nitrogen with the effect just below the limit values in the long term. The pressure of the Morava river basin and Department of environment (Building Authority in Bučovice) has led to the necessity of taking measures leading to the increase of treatment efficiency especially ammonia nitrogen. The diploma thesis includes both, actual project documentation concentrating on the adjustment of watercourse to nitrify ammonia nitrogen, and effective choice of suitable filtration material supported by testing method in situ. The practical part of the thesis deals with the implementation of the technical solution according to the project documentation. The adjustment of the constructed wetland is now nearly before completion. Last adjustments will be taking place during the spring 2017, the final inspection as well as the evaluation of the reconstruction will take place at the end of this year.
|
| |
|
Influence of sorbents on retention curve of contaminated fluvisol
Hnatajková, Eva ; Jačka, Lukáš (advisor) ; Pavlásek, Jiří (referee)
The thesis deals with the influence of sorbents on the retention curve of the contaminated alluvial soil (fluvisol). The retention curves of soil without sorbents (reference soil) are compared with the soils enriched by the following sorbents. Biochar (BC), amorphous manganese oxide (AMO) and combination of (AMO + BC). Soils sample were collected is specific uncultivated area in the valley of Litavka river (located in the central part of the Czech republic).
Two different types of samples were used for measurement of retention curves. First type of the samples were collected from the column experiments and second type were the samples collected in the field. All samples were extracted using in Kopecky rings (100 cm3). The measurement of the retention curves was performed by a direct method in the laboratory. For laboratory determination of the retention curves classical set of instruments were used (sandbox, sand-kaolin box and pressure apparatuses). The measured data were fitted using van Genuchten. Values compared are the bulk density, parameters of van Genuchten model (Thétas, ThétaR, Alfa, n), and values pF (0; 1.0; 2.0; 2.7; 3.0; 3.7; 4.18). The comparison of retention curves of differently treated soil was based on the average, standard deviation and the difference and ratio of the avarages.
According to presented findings sorbents affected shapes of the retention curves. Especially biochar influence water content for high pF values. We confirmed the hypothesis according to VERHEIJEN et al. (2010), that biochar tincrase the total retention of soil water, but does not increase the amoust of water avaible plants.
The influence of AMO on retention curve was negligible. Therefore sorbent AMO has a small influence on change of water retention in the tested soil. The effect of combined sorbent (AMO + BC) on the retention more significant than effect of using AMO sorbent only. This combination of sorbents affects the water retention depending on applied pF.
|
guest ::
