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Comparison of the Conception between French and Czech preschool Education - its ideas, tendencies and realisation.
FÁROVÁ, Kateřina
The aim of this bachelor work is the comparison of the pre-school education taking down the uniting and the different conceptions of ideas, tendencies and realization in France and the Czech Republic. The first part of the work deal with the theoretic comparison of the total conception of the pre-school education in the history, the present and its future visions in both countries. With the comparison of the agreement and the differences enriching inspirations follow from them. The second part is conceived as the questionnaire enquiry mapping the factual attitude to the pre-school education in the present from the view of the pre-school pedagogues and parents of the pre-school children in France and the Czech Republic.
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Comparison of nursing care about patients with peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis
JANOUŠKOVÁ, Jaroslava
The number of patients with kidney disease is increasing worldwide. Such diseases include chronic kidney failure that needs dialysis treatment. Problems associated with providing nursing care to patients in a dialysis program are extensive and specific. Starting the treatment with a peritoneal dialysis or a haemodialysis causes a great psychological burden to patients. It noticeably affects not only patients' lives but also lives of their family and friends. Patients in the regular dialysis program are facing many health and social problems. Mutual trust between a nurse and a patient on dialysis to a certain extent influences the course of the treatment. Balanced and satisfied patient can live a better and more valuable life. The goals of the thesis: 1) To determine whether a comparably high quality nursing care is provided to patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis 2) To determine whether the approach to the provision of nursing care to the patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis is comparable. 3) To determine whether comparable forms of education and communication are used in providing nursing care for the patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Research questions: 1) Is the nursing care provided to the patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis of comparable quality? 2) A the approach to the provision of nursing care for patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis comparable? 3) Are comparable forms of education and communication used in providing nursing care for the patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis? Methods used: In the empirical part of the thesis a qualitative research was used to process data. The research was conducted through a non-standardized interview. Three sets of questions were created for the three groups of respondents, i.e. the respondents with peritoneal dialysis, respondents with haemodialysis and nurses who take care of patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The criterion for the selection of respondents was their willingness to cooperate. The nature and purpose of the research was explained to the addressed respondents. From the interviews with patients it was determined how they perceive the provided nursing care, the nurses' approach, and the way of interaction during haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Interviews with nurses were focused on comparability and demands of nursing care for patients with haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, as well as on the used forms of communication and the way how to approach these patients. Results: The results of the research show that the care provided to patients with peritoneal dialysis as well as with haemodialysis is perceived by the responding patients with peritoneal dialysis, with haemodialysis and nurses as of the same quality. Peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis each have their specificities and a different way of execution. Both are provided in differing environments. Peritoneal dialysis is done by the patient himself in their own social environment. During haemodialysis, nursing care is provided to the patient by nurses in a haemodialysis centre. As comparable is perceived by all respondents the nurses' approach to the patients, i.e. to each patient individually. In conclusion, the results imply that nurses during the contact with the patients with peritoneal dialysis and with haemodialysis use comparable forms of communication and education. Conclusion: At the present time there is an attempt to perform dialysis treatment to benefit the patient as much as possible. Peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis are considered as equivalent substitute for renal function. They differ only in the principle and the method of executing. Nursing care provided to patients with peritoneal dialysis and with haemodialysis is perceived by the respondents as of comparable quality. The results of this thesis can be the basis for further research.
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Dialogue between ecologists and water managers - analyses
Pithart, David
The dialogue between ecologists and water managers in the Czech Republic is analysed. The benefit of this dialogue reflects the need of harmonizing the usual tasks of water management with potential risks of global climate change and permanent threatening of biodiversity. The obstacles of the dialogue are of different character and are listed as follows: 1.Different area and time scale of responsibilities. 2. Difficult harmonization of technique and nature, 3. Different ethical concepts, dealing with the role and position of human in the nature, 4. Different understanding of water cycle 5. Insufitient quantification of some aspects of water cycle 6. Fear of autonomous decisions, resulting in need of very complex and uneffective law system 7. Psychological barriers in initialization of multidisciplinary dialog and teams. 8. Lobbying and corruption. As one of the possible tools to overcame some of the barriers, the concept of ecosystem services is presented.
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The study of photodynamic phenomenon on melanom cell lines
KOLÁČKOVÁ, Zdeňka
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical method combining the use of photodynamic active substance and light in presence of oxygen. It extends the treatment possibilities of tumor and non-tumor disorders. It complements surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. An increased accumulation of photosensitive substance in pathological focus is the base of PDT. Subsequent irradiation by light of suitable wavelenght evokes photodynamic reactions leading to formation of reactive oxygen species and to biological answer leading to tumor cells damage. The final effect depends on sensitizer type, its concentration in target tissue and on used source of radiation. Aim of the thesis is to prove photodynamic properties of newly developed photodynamic active substance phtalocyanin CIAIPcS2 and possibilities of its usage to induce photodynamic phenomenon in melanom cells. Owing to absorption of light in sensitizer the formation of excited states happens, and then the excited form of sensitizer reacts directly with substrate. During this reaction free radicals of substrate form or transfer of energy from sentitizer to oxygen and formation of highly reactive singlet oxygen happen. Free radicals, especially radicals of lipid components of cell membranes, are the major cause of tumor destruction. Fruitfulness of PDT depends not only on type of sensitizer and level of oxygen in tumor cell but also on used light source. Luminiscence diodes (LEDs) were used as the source of light. Formation of ROS after PDT was detected with the help of fluorescent molecular probe CM-H2DCFDA on spectrofluorimeter Synergy HT and on fluorescent microscope Olympus IX 81 with image analysis. According to our results the production of ROS depends on concentration of sensitizer CIAIPcS2 and the radiation dose. We proved that the sensitizer CIAIPcS2 is suitable photodynamic active substance and evokes photodynamic phenomenon in tumor cells.
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Limity a možnosti přirozené obnovy buku lesního na LHC Kolowratské lesy
Zahradník, Tomáš
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the possibility of natural regeneration of beech forest and its application to FMU Kolowrat forests. Selection of research areas was based on groups of forest types and by other characteristics such as different exposure, altitude and stocking of the stands. This thesis is based on the method of evaluation transect in forest stands. For each tree in the transect were measured these characteristics: height, the last increment of terminal, thickness of the root collar, shape and height of the deployment crown, number of lateral branches and their average game damage and other damage. Each of these characteristics were statistically evaluated. The result of this thesis shows that natural regeneration of beech is possible in whole evaluated area. From a biological and ecological perspective, is natural regeneration of beech convenient way for forest regeneration on those sites.
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The noise of a harvest line during cereals harvest
BÁRTŮ, Lukáš
The thesis focuses on harvest of cereals in terms of noise pollution. Sources of noise during harvesting are harvest line (combine harvester), manipulation equipment transporting harvested grain (tractors with trailers) and in some cases harvesters straw (tractors with collectors). The main aim of this work is to measure noise at harvest on the outskirt of the crop land. In this work I focused on the selection of suitable observation post, measurement of noise pollution of particular agricultural machines, background noise measurement and evaluation of climatic conditions. Furthermore, acquired data are used for equivalent noise level calculations and evaluation against current legislation. Based on the data analysis can be concluded that noise pollution during harvest does not negatively impact its surroundings, therefore there is no need for any action to reduce noise exposure.
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Účetní a daňové odepisování majetku
Schmidová, Monika ; Míková, Marie (advisor)
Bakalářská práce se zabývá způsoby účetního a daňového odepisování dlouhodobého majetku. Zaměřuje se zejména na právní úpravu České republiky. V první části práce je vymezen odepisovaný dlouhodobý majetek, následují různé druhy účetních odpisů a daňových odpisů doplněné o praktické příklady. V závěru práce je zmínka o odložené dani, která vyplývá z rozdílné výše účetních a daňových odpisů.
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The risk of chronic lesions after radiation therapy in patients with breast cancer
KŘÍŽOVÁ, Jana
Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer in women. In 2009, 5,975 new cases were diagnosed in the Czech Republic. One of the main treatment modalities is radiotherapy, which, besides bringing treatment effects, may also cause post-radiation changes that significantly influence patients? quality of life. The work focuses on monitoring the occurrence of post-radiation changes following radiotherapy as part of breast carcinoma treatment ? chronic radiodermatitis, hypodermic fibrosis and lymphedema, all at Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno. After the end of radiotherapeutic treatment these changes are monitored by the physicians during regular checks and classified on the RTOG/EORTC scale. I used a set of 98 patients (97 women and 1 man) treated at the Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno between 1998 and 2009 who suffered from the mentioned post-radiation changes. The data was assessed upon the purpose, radiation equipment used for the radiotherapy, and the degree of the studied conditions. Occurrence of lymphedema prior to radiotherapy was statistically analysed as well. All the patients received the same dose of 50 Gy with a standard fractionation scheme of 25 fractions by 2 Gy, and therefore no evaluation of coincidence of the applied dose with the risk of chronic changes occurrence was possible. Consequent changes occurred in 74 % of the studied patients. Statistics shows that patients who received radiation treatment of mamma or chest and regional lymph nodes were at higher risk of suffering chronic changes to the skin and higher risk of lymphedema, but at lower risk of hypodermic fibrosis.
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The Analysis of land-use changes in Šumava foothills
KOTEK, Jiří
The Svatý Tomáš Highlands and the Trojmezí Highlands in the Šumava foothills were constantly settled during 13th century. Although this area is a borderland with a less favourable climate, agriculture had a significant influence on the landscape changes. However political and economic changes during the 1950´s, especially the establishment of the Iron Curtain, had impacted previous trends. Displacement of inhabitans, destruction of villages and inaccessibility of the area have restored the natural processes. The aim of this work is to describe changes of land use in The Šumava foothills with regard to nature protection and results evaluated by geographic information system technologies. From stable cadastre maps it was detected, that land use in 1st half of 19th century in the Šumava foothills was very varied, it was there existed a lot of small fields of arable soil. However the surface of arable soil diminished gradually during the time and at the present time don´t exist any more in the study area. In monitored areas in the first place grew the share of forests. The changes of management also had an impact on the size of succession areas. It was found, that changes in land use are very similar in the all monitored regions.
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