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Nutrition in the prevention of atherosclerosis and public awareness of the problem
HRDINA, Jakub
The final Bc-degree paper deals with the relation of nutrition to the prevention of atherosclerosis and public awareness of this problem. Two main objectives have been determined. The first objective is to map public awareness of atherosclerosis, the second is to investigate eating habits of the same population. Theoretical part of the paper decribes the meaning of nutrition for a human, individual nutrition components and their significance in human body, current trends and nutrition recommendations, presenting the description of atherosclerosis with its risk factors. Quantitative research methods have been selected for the practical part, such as interview in the form of a questionnaire. The questionnaire completition had the form of direct contact and electronic mail. The research set was made of citizen of over 20 years of age living in the district of Černá za Bory in Pardubice. The research results show that vast majority of the respodents is not aware of the risk factors causing atherosclerosis. People over 50 years of age, mainly those living in a family with an occurence of this diseasem are more informed. Therefore it is essential to keep the general public informed about the problem. The paper will be used especially for further study purposes.
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Analysis of effectiveness of preventive interventions in patients with ischemic heart disease
ZLATINSKÁ, Sandra
Preventive interventions represent an important part of treatment of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Proper observation of preventive interventions results in faster recovery, earlier resumption of normal lifestyle and particularly prevention of early or late complications. The objective of this bachelor thesis was to determine how effective are the preventive interventions provided by healthcare personnel in the secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease. To meet the objective, the following four research questions were formulated: 1. Is the secondary prevention in patients with IHD effective? The secondary prevention is not effective as the respondents failed to change their lifestyles and they continued to manifest high rates of behavioral risk factors for IHD. 2. Do the patients with IHD observe recommendations given within the preventive interventions? Results of the research survey indicate that the respondents are aware of the IHD risk factors, however, they observe only certain secondary prevention recommendations. 3. What prevents the patients from observing regimen principles set by the secondary prevention? The patients find it difficult to change their established lifestyles which need to be altered in order to observe the principles. Results of the research survey indicate that the respondents find it particularly difficult to change their eating habits and sedentary lifestyle. 4. Is the observation of preventive measures dependent on the period of time after the disease attack? Interviews conducted with 10 respondents treated for different periods of time after the disease attack failed to confirm this hypothesis. Results of the research survey indicate that differences in observation of preventive interventions among the respondents were negligible. 10 respondents with ischemic heart disease were selected as a research sample. The data were collected by means of a qualitative research using two structured interviews with open questions. The first round of interviews with IHD patients was conducted in January 2009 at the cardiology department of the hospital in České Budějovice. The second round of interviews was conducted after the hospitalization treatment stage {--} three month after the patients were discharged from the hospital. This thesis may enhance the knowledge of healthcare workers in secondary prevention of IHD and become a basis for further investigations in this field.
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The observation of non pharmacological possibilities of the therapy by decreasing the risk faktors of atherosclerosis from the patients view.
REICHERTOVÁ, Stanislava
Atherosclerosis and its risk factors represent one of the most significant health problems of the western civilization; they are one of the most frequent causes of death and they limit significantly the quality and length of life. Atherosclerosis also causes invalidity. More than fifty thousand people die of heart and blood vessel related diseases in the Czech Republic every year. Non-pharmacological therapy, based on changing life habits, is an integral part of treating atherosclerosis. These measures include the reduction of body weight, suitable physical activities, changes of eating habits, preventing stressful situations, and absolute termination of smoking. The objective of the paper was to find out about the awareness and subsequent observance of non-pharmacological treatment measures in patients who have been diagnosed with at least one risk factor. Nurses play a very important role in non-pharmacological treatment. Their task is to inform patients about the non-pharmacological treatment, to provide assistance in acquiring required habits, to change behaviour of patients, and to help patients cope with the care of themselves. Therefore, it was necessary to find out about nurses? education, experience, potential, time and enthusiasm for educational activities at various departments. The data for this paper was collected using a quantitative research strategy by means of questionnaire method. A questionnaire for patients contained 31 questions and a questionnaire for nurses contained 23 questions. The results were processed in a graphic form. The research was carried out at the medical inpatient department and the specialized outpatient departments of cardiology, diabetology, internal, and industrial doctor at Mulač Hospital in Pilsen. Three hypotheses were formulated: 1 Patients know the principles of non-pharmacological treatment of atherosclerosis risk factors. 2 Patients observe the principles of non-pharmacological treatment of atherosclerosis risk factors. 3 There are differences in providing education at the inpatient and outpatient departments to patients with a confirmed atherosclerosis risk factor. The research resulted in the finding that patients with a confirmed atherosclerosis risk factor know the principles of non-pharmacological treatment but they do not observe these principles. The first hypothesis has been confirmed, the second one was disconfirmed. It has also been found out the there are differences in methods and means available to nurses to provide education as impatient and outpatient facilities. The third hypothesis has been confirmed. The results of our research obtained through the work on this paper will be used as background material for nurses? educational activities and thus they may contribute to increasing the preventive measures for patients with a confirmed atherosclerosis risk factor.
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Physiotherapy procedure in recovery of patients after myocardial infarction
POSPÍŠIL, Martin
In the theoretical part of my thesis I processed theoretical data associated with this issue. This part contains a description of the anatomy and the functions of the cardiovascular system and the issue of myocardial infarction. The part includes classification, pathology and the mechanism of myocardial infarction occurrence. The thesis also covers clinical manifestations of the disease, diagnostic procedures and methods of treatment. The comprehensively curative rehabilitation programme is divided into four stages, i.e. hospital physiotherapy, early post-hospitalization physiotherapy, stabilization, and maintenance long-term physiotherapy. In the practical part of the bachelor thesis a method of a qualitative research was used. The results were processed in the form of case reports. The research was conducted in the cardiovascular physiotherapy ward of St. Anne{\crq}s University Hospital in Brno. The tested set consisted of two patients. The first patient attends the 2nd stage of the cardio-physiotherapeutic programme. The second patient who experienced a myocardial infarction approximately 4 years ago attends the 3rd stage of the cardio-physiotherapeutic programme. The objective of the thesis was to assess the benefit of the cardiovascular physiotherapy in patients who had experienced a myocardial infarction. The heath state of both the patients has been positively influenced. Both the patients state that their subjective problems associated with the state after the acute myocardial infarction have been removed owing to the cardiovascular physiotherapy. In objective terms, the increase in the muscular strength and the positive impact on the characteristics of the transport system may be evaluated.
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Diagnosis and endovascular treatment of iliac and femoropopliteal occlusive disease
PĚČKOVÁ, Kristýna
The occlusion disorder in the area pelvic and femoral arteries should be for the patient fatal health complication. Therefore it is important know all risks, which should go before, know the disorder and last but not least is a crucial chapter diagnostics and in final phase treatment. I chose this subject, with the view of give to pertinent readers all above - mentioned information on those problems. For diagnostics of occlusion disorder we use imaging radiodiagnostic methods. For spatial display were developed method of spiral CT angiography ( CTA ), magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA ), a modification of classical angiography {--} digital subtraction angiography ( DSA ) and ultrasonografi (UZ). UZ is part of the basic investigate method of his noninvazive. Spiral CTA is method, which is based on two and three dimensional display using special programmes. Display magnetic resonance is noninvasive examination procedure and is derived from classical nuclear MR. MRA is once from possible examination practice which serves complex information on relation surrounding weaving to vessels and haemodynamic blood flow. DSA allows observation of flow vessels and by the help of digitizing image its graphical processing. Medication of okluziv disorder areas saucepan s and femur s arterys including percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( PTA ) and implantation stent.
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Nonpharmacological treatment of the risk faktors of atherosclerosis
HARTOVÁ, Taťána
Cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent death causation in most advanced countries. The citizens of the Czech Republic are unambiguously considered a population with an increased risk profile of untimely atherosclerosis. The paper addresses quantification of common risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (arterial hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity), monitoring of the number of other residential treatments, other cardiovascular incidents and deaths and especially the depressive disorder of 200 patients (aged 36 {--} 86 years) of the Invasive Cardiology Department of Nemocnice Karlovy Vary, s. r. o. indicated to be subject to coronarographic examination. As concerns depressive patients, we encounter the cardiovascular disease and sudden cardiac death more often than with the non-depressive ones. This applies also in the event when risk factors of cardiovascular disorders in the anamnesis are excluded in both groups. A man with a cardiovascular illness experiences a significant break period. He is directly limited in terms of his health and endangered in terms of his existence, social life and often even his life itself. Psychic changes under those circumstances are almost regular, the depression development is assumable. As many as 13 % of the approached cardiac patients state the occurrence of typical problems accompanying the depression in the past 14 days, with 27 % of them, the problems lasted longer than a week. The whole-life prevalence of depression ranges between 5 and 16%, a higher occurrence of depressive patients among cardiac patients is hence apparent. The average BMI of monitored women is 29,12 {--} hence at the border of normal weight and overweight, the average BMI of monitored men amounts to 29,20 {--} which indicates their obesity. Hence one may confirm that as concerns the monitored persons, a higher body mass index (BMI) is confirmed with monitored persons. The average wasteline is 104,29 with monitored women and 104,83 with monitored men {--} i.e. the content of visceral fat is considerable. When monitoring other residential treatments within half a year, most patients were those with angina pectoris. Regardless of their diagnosis, only three patients died.
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Health and social strokes by pacients after acute myocardial infartion.
HAVLÍČEK, Robert
The clinical hallmark of acute myocardial infarction is chest pain, typically located in the substernal region or sometimes in the epigastrium which frequently radiates to the neck, left arm and left shoulder. Anginal equivalents such as dyspnoea and epigastric discomfort may also occur. The physical findings can include diaphoresis, pale cool skin, sinus tachycardia and sometimes hypotension. The objective of my thesis is to describe the health-social overall impact. I have been interested in acute myocardial infarction problems since my first education as a rescuer. I used the method of classificatory frequency analysis of documents, comparing and analogy results each other. The main task was to show how the people live after acute myocardial infarction, if they are able to work or not. Graphical analysis shows patient{\crq}s social anamnesis, productivity, gender ratio and etc. Sample for analysis forms 109 patients, from that 16 forms employment history results, which are made separate.
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