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The toxicology of combustion products
SIKORA, Henryk
Fire presents a significant risk of the formation of toxic combustion gases. These substances further endanger fire squad units and nearby residents. Toxic gases are responsible for almost 50% of all fire casualties and cause one third of fatal casualties. The amount and composition of gases depend to a great extent on the conditions of thermal degradation especially temperature and the amount of oxygen in the surrounding atmosphere. Prevention or minimisation of consequences of formation of toxic gases involves a rapid and a quality analysis. For this purpose, the methods that proved to be the best suited are gas chromatography and mass spectrometry combined with micro-extraction to solid phase. This work involves analysis of combustion products of selected materials and study of their toxic characteristics. These are especially wood, oil products, various types of rubber and plastic materials. Using analysis of these combustion gases more than 300 hundred substances have been identified. These are especially carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, volatile organic substances, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. Monitoring of combustion gases was performed even in the vicinity of large fires. The findings were complemented by information from expert studies and events of past years. In case of identified substances which present the greatest health risk, the most significant toxic characteristics were described with emphasis on acute exposition, symptoms of intoxication and possible consequences. Following all these facts protection measures are suggested in relation to the formation of toxic combustion gases.
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Dangerous substances in electrical apparatus
VÁVROVÁ, Kateřina
The diploma thesis deals with the influence of dangerous substances in electric aparatus on environment and also on human. The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe toxicological characteristics of dangerous substances in electric apparaus and to find out people´s awareness about electro apparatus hazardousness and electric waste by mean of questionnaires. The thesis first descibe the laws concerning this problem either from the view of dangerous substances or from the view of dangerous waste. Furthermore in the thesis the data taken out of two age groups by questionnaires were elaborated. The questionnaires were focused on the knowledge of dangerous substances and dangerous waste. Toxicological characteristics of dangrous metals are also descbibed in this part.
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A simulated accident of a rail tank car in the railway station Jihlava with subsequent leakage of ammonia.
VÁLEK, Luboš
This diploma thesis dealing with a simulated accident of a rail tanker in the railway station in Jihlava with subsequent leakage of ammonia has been prepared in the form of public and available information that provides a brief overview about the topic. In the introduction, possible types of extraordinary events are described with individual examples. In another part of the thesis, extraordinary events in traffic are mentioned as well as accidents connected with leakage of dangerous substances. The follow-up chapter deals with the issue of emergency planning, aimed particularly at leakage of ammonia. The remaining part is devoted to the integrated rescue system. Another chapter deals with ammonia toxicology with examples. The following part concerns railway haulage, including rail transport of ammonia. The following chapter describes the chronology of an extraordinary event with the follow-up solution. In the diploma thesis, research of awareness of the general public about ammonia is presented. The conclusion contains specification of problems that occurred during preparation of this paper. Also comparison with specialized literature is provided as well as the author{\crq}s own ideas.
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The main features of development the Czechoslovak military health service after the second world war, the beginning and constitution of the field of military radiotherapy and military toxicology
MAREČEK, Miroslav
My Bachelor's work is engaged in complicated procedure of the beginning and constitution of branches of science - military radiobiology and military toxicology in conditions of former country Czechoslovakia. This process specification required to respect the range of complicated troubled levels where each of them could create a theme of individual task: - the second World War, its results and impact to military and political sphere; - formation of divided world, conditions and manifestation of "Cold War"; - new phenomenon-Weapons of Mass Destruction - research and development in this sphere in divided world; - development of home politics in Czechoslavakia and its incorporation to the commonwealth of USSR; - the Czechoslovak military and its health service development after the Second World War, the projection of political development turning points into this area; - the founding of Military medical academy in Hradec Králové as military-medical tutorial and scientific centre; - background of constitution mentioned branches and their prominent characters. My Bachelor's work in closes, sorts and searches the sequences of these problematic levels, it tries to highlight and mediate especially lesser-known pieces of knowledge from military health service and educational system history for public.
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