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Nutrition of pregnant - reccomendation and reality
FAJMONOVÁ, Simona
For my bachelor thesis I have chosen the theme : Nutrition of pregnant women recommendations and reality. The theoretical part includes the specifics of nutrition in preconception period and pregnancy, risk groups of pregnant women, high-risk behavior and a chapter about dietary supplementation in pregnancy. Pregnancy is an important period in a woman's life. The changes that accompany pregnancy also impose increased demands on the supply of the body with nutrients. I have chosen the method of a survey for the processing of the research part of my thesis. The practical part includes the results of the survey, which was attended by 80 women in the 7th-9th month of pregnancy. The questionnaire asked for basic information besides the weight, height and weight gain in pregnancy, also eating habits, fluid intake, inadequate habits (alcohol, smoking), use of dietary supplements, awareness of pregnant women and their physical activity. The questionnaires were processed in Microsoft Excel using tables and graphs. All collected pieces of information about dietary habits were compared with the recommendations for pregnant women. The aim of this thesis was to find out what is the reality of eating habits of pregnant women compared with recommendations. Another aim was to determine, whether pregnant women are well informed about the nutrition recommendations during their pregnancy and where they get the information from. Further aim was to explore, whether pregnant women use nutritional supplements before or during pregnancy and what kind of them. The last aim was to determine some of the bad habits during pregnancy (e.g. alcohol , smoking). The results of the questionnaire survey showed that by the majority of pregnant women the reality and recommendations coincided in water intake and beverage preference. Most of them preferred water or tea. Coffee consumption was also by the majority of them problem-free. Eating meat and eggs corresponded with the recommendations for a large group of respondents. As for legumes, fish and fish products, their consumption corresponded with the recommendations by only about half of the women. Eating fruits and vegetables were in the majority of pregnant women unfortunately insufficient as well as the consumption of milk and dairy products, nuts and seeds. It would be very appropriate to increase consumption of these groups of food. Conversely, the consumption of sausages and sweets, which turned out to be more frequent, should be reduced . Most women were well informed about the nutrition recommendations during their pregnancy, in most cases from the media or pregnancy counseling from a doctor. Here, I would suggest creating a website for pregnant women offering really reliable information. Nutritional supplements related to pregnancy were used by about half of the respondents. Only less than a half of the surveyed women supplemented folic acid in preconception period. I would suggest to create some information leaflets about the suitability of folic acid supplementation in preconception period and place them in the gynecological outpatient's clinics . Pregnant women ordinarily didn't smoke and consume alcohol. Occasional alcohol consumption stated 14 % of women. It seems that women are informed enough about the risk of smoking and alcohol consumption.
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Nutritive value determination of granular feed mixtures for dogs
ZNOJ NOVOTNÁ, Barbora
The aim of this thesis was evaluate the nutritive value of complete granulated dry food for adult dogs in normal activity. 17 dry feeds were choosen with regard to quality classes - 7 superpremium, 5 premium and 5 economy. Content of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, crude ash were determined in laboratory and NFE (nitrogen-free extracts - carbohydrates) and metabolizable energy were determined by calculations. The results of the analysis were compared with figures stated on the packaging of the feed. Quality classes were compared with each other. It was found that 12 from 17 feeds exceeded the tolerance limites for declarated nutrients. Not all of the feeds on the market is suitable for the dogs and an appellation superpremium isn't guarantee of good quality.
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Influence of different factors for milk production
FUKSOVÁ, Eliška
The purpose of this bachelor´s thesis was feeding system of dairy cows. It describes and regards level of nutrition at given farm, where Holstein dairy cows are breeding. On the basis o observation and obtained data were regard nutrition. Total mixed ration and the obtained data about nutrients were compared with data in the professional literature. There was describe and regard feeding technique at farm and results of milk production given cows was regard with the national average. Bachelor´s thesis revealed deficiencies in the feeding system and it was highlighted about them. Main problem was great content of nitrogenous substanced in diet. There is any phase feeding for lactating cows. This study suggested improvement for reasonable nutrition by phase of lactation. It reduced costs for liter of milk produces.
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Amaranth unconventional food in human nutrition
ŠESTÁKOVÁ, Irena
The subject of the Bachelor thesis is amaranth as an innovative component in human nutrition. Genus Amaranthus L. belongs to the family of Amaranthaceae. Amaranth is an annual dicotyledonous C4 plant. The seeds are smooth, lenticular and in cultural species are pink or yellow up to cream-colored. In the Czech Republic the weight of thousands of seeds circles around 0.6 to 0.8 grams. The whole aboveground part of the plant is edible. Usually people consume only seeds and leaves. Plant species grown for its seeds are Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Amaranthus cruentus and Amaranthus caudatus. Some species are grown as a leaf vegetable, such as Amaranthus tricolor, Amaranthus dubius and Amaranthus gangeticus. Plants are resistant to the higher salinity and have increased ability to draw nutrients from the soil. The plants are able to manage with the supply of soil moisture; therefore it fits also in drier areas. During the vegetation it is necessary to get rid of weeds, especially removing related wild plants whose seeds cannot be separated from cultural forms. Amaranth seeds ripen unevenly. The date of the harvest is selected depending on the variety, sowing date and weather conditions. Suitable storage humidity is 12%. Yield in our conditions varies between 600 and 2400 kg / ha. The estimated yield per hectare varies between 4 and 14 tons of fresh leaves. The use of amaranth in food industry has a wide range such as bakery, meat industry, children's nutrition, pharmaceutical industry, cosmetic industry and energy industry. Amaranth is from the nutritional standpoint, highly prized plant. The content of proteins is about 18%. Amaranth protein is important in terms of higher lysine content, therefore if it is appropriately used in someone´s diet, it can replace animal protein. Carbohydrates of amaranth are listed in quantities of over 60 %, the most important carbohydrate of amaranth is starch, which has an extremely small grain (1 2 ?m) and it is useful for nutrition, where it can be part of easily digestible nutritional beverages and products. Fats of amaranth are in the range of 6 - 8 %. From the dietary point of view, it is important to sustain high content of unsaturated fatty acids and squalene, which is known for its antioxidant and chemoprotective effect. Another components of amaranth oil are phytosterols, which have a preventive effect against atherosclerosis. Other important ingredients of amaranth are substances such as phenolic flavonoid rutin, which increases the resistance of capillary walls and improves the absorption of vitamin C in the intestines. Amaranth is an excellent source of vitamins and minerals. However, Amaranth grain and leaves also contain anti-nutritional and toxic substances. By the influence of the selective breeding, way of storage and processing such substances in the plant gradually decreased. Researches have shown that amaranth has wide preventive effect. It does not cause any allergic reactions and does not contain gluten. For that reason it is suitable for inclusion in the diet of coeliacs. Amaranth contains antihypertensive peptide and in diabetics it reduces the risk of a lack of insulin in the blood and it has been shown and anticancer effect. Eating amaranth has a positive effect on the immune system and body supply of iron. Amaranth is also a good ingredient in nutritional drinks and enteral nutrition. The suitability of this crop in the diet of all age groups is indisputable. In seniors it affects cell regeneration and metabolism, and in children the importance of lysine, which promotes the formation of new brain cells. Amaranth is for its toughness and content of many nutrients, minerals and vitamins referred to as the third crop Millennium, which may be one of the solutions to food shortages in developing countries.
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The level of knowledge on the issue of nutrition of students in the 2nd grude of elementary school in relation to their daily diet
ŠPALOVÁ, Klára
The aim of this thesis was the processing of a survey focusing on the level of knowledge about the diet issues among secondary school pupils in relation to their everyday nourishment. The theoretical part deals with the definition of the term "diet", its importance and social aspect, and the recommended proportion of nutrients. It defines and describes the term "pubescence" with respect to both biological and psychological changes. It also mentions the eating habits in families and eating disorders. It also describes parts of the Framework Educational System and some projects supporting health. A quantitative survey was employed in this thesis, and the data was collected from questionnaires, which included a knowledge quiz about diet and right nourishment. The surveyed group consists of ninth grade pupils of secondary schools, which means probands aged from 14 to 16 years. The research concentrates on the regions of České Budějovice and Tábor.
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The market of food supplements and their trustworthiness
Hroudová, Martina ; Chylíková, Hana (advisor) ; Turnerová, Lenka (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the market of food supplements and their trustworthiness. The aim of this thesis is to inform about the current situation on the market of food supplements in the Czech Republic and abroad, to highlight the importance of consumption of food supplements and to present conclusions obtained during a personal survey. The work could be divided into two parts, the first part is theoretical and the second one practical. The purpose of the first part is primarily to introduce the topic of food supplements and to provide information about the market of the food supplements as well as about the food supplements themselves. The practical part provides information about shopping behavior of customer and about his general knowledge in this area.
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Specific nutriton as a means of own self-creation of human pesonality - athletes. Case Study
TEPLÁ, Kateřina
Modern times bring a number of new views on the perception of the meaning and role of nutrition in human life. Observing the current lifestyle we can see considerable differences in particular individuals. This work deals with the problem of specific nutrition in connection with a regular sport activity as contributory factors which create the lifestyle of a sportsperson. This work concentrates on the individual for whom the strict and specifically focused nutrition in connection with a regular sports activity creates an inherent part of their life and is therefore the way to fulfillment ? to self-assembly in numerous directions. The goal of this work was to describe the composition of diet and its changes connected to different stages of a sportsman´s ? body-builder´s training plan. To map possible bio.psycho-social consequences. For the implementation of this research a qualitative research strategy was chosen. The research was carried out as a case study. The reference file has been made of a couple of sportspeople-body-builders. A woman and a man representing the current trend of fitness ? body-building followers for whom the connection of sport and well-focused nutrition represents one of their life´s values. The research was implemented in a wider timeframe, in a frame from May 2012 to January 2013. Semi-structured interviews, observation, evidence of different personal documents and activity results were used as data collecting methods. For the data analysis a qualitative analysis of written-down interviews, observations and personal documents, and activity results was carried out. From the conducted research of the particular case it was further found out that the nutrition of a body-builder changes during the different stages of the training preparation, even in rapid ways. Changes of the total amount of food, the change of the ratio or amounts of particular nutrients as well as changes in the choice of consumed food are observable. The observed changes of the sportspeople´s eating correspond with the theoretical knowledge given in the theoretical part of this work. At the bulk stage of this work the eating of the observed couple was characterized by a relatively high intake of energy, especially as the permanently higher intake of carbohydrates, a high intake of proteins and out of all the stages by the highest demanded feed of fat. In the cutting phase of the preparation the food of the observed couple was characterized, on the average, by a lower intake of energy, especially thanks to the limitation of the intake of carbohydrates, by the same or higher amount of proteins than at the bulk stage. The intake of fat in the man´s food basically didn´t change, but the woman decreased the amount of received fat compared to the bulk stage. At the final stage of the preparation the food of the woman was absolutely specific. During the resting and recovery phase of the preparation the eating of the observed couple did not show any strictly given requirements. Out of the research results it is clear that the sportspeople´s approach to food is varied, it differs according to the phase of training preparation. Food can be therefore either an enjoyment or the need to a sportsperson. For the observed couple, food isn´t a taboo. This specific and to some extent extreme lifestyle brings certain positives and certain risks with it. This work can be used as an information material for nutrition therapists focused on working with sportspeople, and for informing sportspeople themselves as well as the wider society about the possibilities of the effects of extremes in nutrition.
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"PET FOOD" - production technologies
LIŠKOVÁ, Andrea
Bachelor paper is focusing on technological processing of PET FOOD. First part of the paper is designated to history of feeds for pets and explanation of the term PET FOOD.Second part of the paper is focusing on ingredients which are used for the making of the feeds.In the third part feeds are going to be divided into specific sections and then described. Fourth part of this bachelor paper describes the technological processing of feeds for dogs and cats in details.Bachelor paper is also focusing on nutrients in feeds, what pets really need and what can harm them. Last chapter is dedicated to labels on the products. What is manufacturer obligated to do and what needs to be stated on the label.
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