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Reconciliation of knowledge on primary school children traffic injury prevention
ŠESTÁK, Milan
Porovnání znalostí o prevenci dopravních úrazů u dětí na základních školách. Reconciliation of knowledge on primary school children traffic injury prevention Injuries of children remain to be general health-social problem. Children may get injured as pedestrians, cyclists or as car passengers. Traumatic situations have impact on families and relatives of victims, who need help. My work deals with issues which I face daily in my work environment. I have been working for Czech traffic police for 24 years. I am interested in traffic education, including prevention and education of school children. This was also subject of my bachelor work. My diploma work is focused on reconciliations of knowledge on primary school children traffic injury prevention in South Bohemia and analysis of preventive activities implementation (primary injury prevention in the area of traffic injuries) in monitored elementary schools. The reason why I have chosen this subject is that I have dealt with similar subject already in my bachelor work and I often face traffic injuries in my work life. That includes injuries of both adults and children. Quantitative research has been applied for the purpose of work objectives identification. In order to verify my hypothesis I have chosen data collection technique using questionnaire. Resulting answers of children have been assessed from 338 questionnaires which is an assessment allowing sample. Results for teachers were assessed from the sample of 11 questionnaires.Results have been shown in the individual charts which may be compared. Analysis of preventive activities implementation (primary injury prevention in the area of traffic injuries) in the monitored primary school form separate part of my work. Results of my work should contribute to better informedness of teachers, parents and children, improved education of teachers, parents and children as well as other involved parties. I put emphasis on deepening knowledge of children in areas unknown to them. Considering results of my research it is therefore important to keep improving informedness in the area of traffic injury prevention within the given age group. I know already now what I will focus on during my presentations, discussions and events associated with preventive traffic programs organized not only by the Czech Police, but also by other organizations. It is important to make all parts of our community involved in injury prevention.
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Primary Prevention in Care of Teeth
ZELENKOVÁ, Kateřina
I have chosen the topic primary prevention in dental care because I was interested in it and I think it is very up to date. Dental care has been under sustainable development and research provides new trends in this range. It is difficult for either dentists or patients to watch this development and notice everything what is new. Primary prevention in the dental care is a system of measures performed to stop creation of teeth and dental adnexa diseases. As primary prevention we consider health education, dental hygiene, keeping rules of healthy nutrition. The research work was focused on parents of young children who gather their relationship to the dental care and whose consistent training may influence their attitude for the whole life. The aim of my work was {\clq}q To investigate parents knowledge of the prevention of dental deseases at children`` and {\clq}q To investigate the attitude of parents to the prevention of dental deseases at children``. To realize my aims I used the technique of questionnaires. The research group was formed by parents of children in kinder gardens in České Budějovice. My research work was based on three hypotheses:`` Parents are informed about the prevention of dental deseases at their children``, {\clq}qParents teach their children how to perform the dental hygiene``, and {\clq}qParents visit the dentist with the children since their three years age``. All three hypotheses were partly proved. Parents knowledge should be focused mainly on basic equipment for cleaning, using correct technique of cleaning teeth and preventive examinations. This information should be provided by medics in surgeries, via leaflets, magazines, preventive programmes or TV programmes. Parents should take care about the teeth of their children since their infant age, motivate their children to the dental care, search for new information and visit a dentist with their children regularly. Both goals were accomplished. Results of this research work may be used in the practical life as a base for further research work. They may also be used for creation of information material or programmes to support preventive dental care. Kinder gardens where this research work was performed will be informed about the results and they can use it for creation or improvement of the dental care programmes.
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Juvenile crime developmental tendencies in Klatovy district
DUSPIVOVÁ, Jana
My thesis deals with the very complicated topic of juvenile crime. The circumstances that result in socially pathological phenomenons and crime are now-days relatively easy to happen. The questions of juvenile crime are more frequently discussed not only by the scientists but also by the general public. The goal of my thesis is to outline the problems of the juvenile crime development in the district Klatovy and to use the acquired information in crime prevention and to focus the care on difficult individuals. In the theoretical part, the thesis presents the development of juvenile crime in the Czech Republic and factors that shape and influence it. The practical part of my thesis describes the performed research that is a type of quantitative research from the sociological point of view. The method of questioning, the method of data secondary analysis and the method of model casuistics were used. The targeted group is represented by children and adolescents living in the district Klatovy. The respondents´ principal residence in Klatovy district and the age under 18 are the main criteria of categorization. All respondents were chosen with the method of random stratification. The research was held from January to March of the year 2009. Following hypothesis were determined: Hypothesis 1: The rate of juvenile crime is higher in towns than in villages. Hypothesis 2: Socially pathological features are side-effects of the juvenile crime. Hypothesis 3: Child crime in the district Klatovy is ascending in comparison to adolescent crime in the district Klatovy. I believe that all three hypotheses were confirmed. Based on the OSPOD (Department for juvenile care) reports we can assume that there is na increase in educational problems and subsequently the crime is gradually increasing. If we consider the crime committed by children in the district Klatovy from 2004 to 2008, we find that the year 2007 is a year with the lowest crime rate monitored. We are witnessing the gradually decreasing development trend. Lately, the total development of child crime has been slightly increasing and adolescent crime slowly decreasing.
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Výskyt vybraného rizikového chování u žáků základních škol v okresech Louny a České Budějovice
NOVÁKOVÁ, Eva
Risk behaviour is considered one of the very serious problems of present social development. It has been developing dynamically and the methods used to solve it cannot be evaluated as efficient. This statement does not only apply for the Czech Republic but it affects the whole present society. We are therefore dealing with an international problem. Risk behaviour includes a wide scale of problems representing a great risk in children and youth at present and it has been dealt with by many experts. This phenomenon has been developing without cease and in our society it is a very up to date and discussed issue that should get more attention and more prevention. The diploma thesis consists of a theoretic and a practical part. The theoretic part consists of studied secondary literature and other materials and sources. To carry out the research several methods of collecting data were chosen: quantitative research methods, questioning method, data collection by means of a questionnaire. In the questionnaire several question types were applied: closed questions, semi-open questions, controlling questions and questions the evaluation of which was carried out by means of an evaluating scale. The research file for the questionnaire survey was made up by students of 9th grades of primary schools in the districts of České Budějovice and Louny. In total 593 questionnaires were handed out and filled out in both districts (404 questionnaires in České Budějovice and 189 questionnaires in Louny. The research aimed at providing an account concerning the occurrence of chosen risk behaviour in students of 9th grades of primary schools in the districts of České Budějovice and Louny and at compiling the obtained data and at comparing them mutually. The paper further aimed at finding out sources of information concerning chosen forms of risk behaviour and the rate of impact these sources may have in affecting students of 9th grades of schools in the districts of České Budějovice and Louny and how these sources can motivate students to take part in risk behaviour. To achieve the set goals the following hypotheses have been set: H1: The chosen risk behaviour occurs in a higher rate in students of primary schools in the district of Louny. H2: Information from media, the Internet and friends are for students of 9th grades of primary schools in the districts of České Budějovice and Louny more motivating to take part in chosen forms of risk behaviour than information obtained at school, from the family, lectures and meetings. Results of this paper may serve as information material for headmasters and teachers to achieve better awareness concerning the given issue at chosen primary schools in the districts of České Budějovice and Louny. Further it can be used as a basis for more efficient prevention at the given schools or as material for the needs of teaching and further research.
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Opinions of children on traditional family system
KOVÁROVÁ, Michaela
Identically as in other modernised societies, the institution of a family in the Czech Republic has been undergoing such a fundamental transformation in the last fifty years that the question appears if it is possible to speak about the family in the traditional sense of word at present. At present, a traditional family has been becoming the arrangement of life only for a minority of people in the Czech Republic. More than one third of children are born outside the matrimony, many times with the unclear father statute. One half of the concluded matrimonies get divorced. It is possible to conclude that the life without a partner and children becomes more and more widespread, at the expense of traditional family. The theoretical part of work focused on the family, its definition, function, forms of partners coexistence, crises and conflicts in the family and their consequences and the disintegration of the family and its consequences. The goal of the work was to find out the opinions of children from elementary and secondary schools in České Budějovice on the traditional family system. This goal was achieved. The research was performed by means of the method of questioning performed by the technique of the questionnaire. The research complex consisted of pupils of 9th years of elementary schools and pupils of last years of secondary schools in České Budějovice. I fixed the following hypotheses for the research: {\clqq}There exist differences in opinions of pupils of 9th years of elementary schools and pupils of last years of secondary schools.``, {\clqq}Pupils of 9th years of elementary schools as well as last years of secondary schools prefer the marriage to other forms of family arrangement.``, {\clqq}Pupils of 9th years of elementary schools as well as last years of secondary schools prefer the traditional family to other forms of family arrangement.`` All the three hypotheses were confirmed by the research. The thesis aims at serving as source of information for social workers, judges, pedagogical employees, students and other persons interested in family issues.
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Occurance of the chosen risk in term of the gender about children.
MÁCHALOVÁ, Lenka
Abstract The problems of hazardous behavior with adolescents are getting into the foreground of the wide public. The problem of hazardous behavior with children, adolescents or young people is very real, not only in the Czech Republic, but all over the world, at prezent, it is a worldwide problem representing a substantial social problem with which many specialists in the field of psychologists, psychiatrics, educators, politics and other participating institucions, World Health Organization, are dealing. The Publisher results of research are pointing to a non- decreasing occurrence of hazardous behavior, where it comes to a basic shifting to a lower age group from the point of view of the gender eguality, when the girls and boys engage in hazardous behavior with different circumstances, conditions and occurrence. A whole range of research on this theme exists, but it does not fully concern the hazardous behavior, for instance in connection with information technologies, cell phones and using of habit-forming drugs. The thesis is divided in the theoretical and the practical part. In the theoretical part, the selected forms of hazardous behavior with children and the gender problems are described. In the practical part, the quantitative research method has been chosen,a method of gathering data by means of a questionnaire. The research summary for questionnaire inquiry was created by pupils attending the 7 th to 9 th school year of the primary schools in the South Bohemian region. The aim and purpose of the thesis was to find the appearance of selected risk behaviour with the children from the point of view of the gender, and to map the differences with a view to the gender problems. The aim was accomplished. There were four hypothesis stated. H1: The boys are a more endangered group in occurance of a hazardous behavior in connection with alkohol than the girls. H2: There is a higher risk in connection with usaje non-legal drugs about boys than about girls. H3: Boys are more endangered in the occurrence of a hazardous behavior in connection with habit-forming behavior relating to virtual milieu. H4: Girls are more endangered in connection with communication technology. The thesis may be used as an information survey of a selected hazardous behavior with the children and with the gender problems. The results of the research can be used as informative material for the lay public, for children and adolescents, for parents and other specialists (anti-drug coordinator, methodic of school prevention and not least for the education or as basics for a further following research aktivity. Further, the results of the research can be used for a closer determination of suitable prevention programs. For this reason, the results of the research were given to schools, where the research observation proceeded for the purpose of enhancement of the primarily preventive activity.
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Awareness children of dealing with dogs.
CHLOPČÍKOVÁ, Marie
Children´s awareness of dealing with dogs starts to gain importance nowadays. More often we meet the problems of injuries caused in children by our best animal fellows.This situation needs to be solved. Problem cannot be seen only in accused animal. In most cases neither dog nor child is the deliquent. The main cause of a conflict between, in other way, harmonious coexistence of both partners seems to be children´s ignorance of behaviour, body speech and complex responsible attitude towards dogs. However,they cannot learn these basic rules themselves. Theoretical part of the thesis devotes attention to general outline of child {--} dog relation. Separate chapters are focused not only on psychological and social development of both arbiters, but also on their mutual impact, behaviour, care, communication and cooperation. At the same time, the thesis outlines the problems of dog bite-related injuries in children of our or foreign latitude. Last but not least it underlines the need of prevention and measures which could reduce or generally eliminate the rise of dramatic situations between a dog and a child. The main aim of this work was to chart awareness (informedness) of middle school- aged children of treating, care, behaviour and communication with dogs. Further presumption is to find out the knowledge differences in children who have dogs and those who haven´t. The output of practical part of the thesis are the results of quantitative research. There was used a method of questioning {--} technique standard questionnaire for children within the range of 3.-5. class of basic school. Research specimen represents pupils´ knowledge of four basic schools, in total 200 respondents. From the point of regional representation there were children of South Bohemia and Olomouc regions. According to the research there is evident absence in knowledge of dogs´ body speech and consequently the safety of mutual contact that represent the main problem in arising of risk situation between a child and a dog company. Therefore it is important to devote them more attention in future.
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Psychosocial support of children around the surgery planned operations
BLÁHOVÁ, Ilona
The study is focused on sufficient psychosocial support for children before and after planned surgical operations. This area of nursing has been still underestimated although medicine and nursing has been developing very fast in the Czech Republic. The importance of this support is often forgotten even if the contact between a child and his mother [parent] in such a difficult situation can definitely bring many positives. Unfortunately, children indicated for an operation are separated from their parents just at the hospital receptions or entering the operating room. The following preoperative preparation usually miss any psychological aspects and satisfactory explanation to children. They are often frightened and cry so it becomes very difficult for a nurse anesthetist to calm them down. Therefore the premedication and anesthetics have to be much stronger. Furthermore the psychic burden and total discomfort can cause many complications during the operation itself or in the postoperative care. The aims of this work was to find out if parents are interested in active attendance in preoperative preparation and postoperative care of their children, map out anaesthetist opinions on the fact that parents can accompany their children up to the operating room and compare advantages and disadvantages of it. In addition I tried to compare the occurrence of postoperative complications with children they have psychosocial support of their parents and those who are unaccompanied. This work was also focused on international comparison of the level and range of psychosocial care of children surgical patients among the Czech Republic, Hungary and Austria. All aims stated at the beginning were fulfilled. Within quantitative research five hypotheses were stated: 1/ Parents are interested in active attendance in preoperative preparation of their children indicated for operations. 2/ Parents are interested in taking part in postoperative care of their children. 3/ Anaesthetist nurses prefer children accompanied by their parents to the operating room. 4/ There are much less operative and postoperative complications if children are supported by their parents. 5/ Other countries (Austria, Hungary) encourage parents to accompany their children for operations much more than it is in the Czech Republic. Two research questions focused on the comparison of the level and range of psychosocial support of children surgical patients in the Czech Republic and abroad were defined for qualitative data analysis. 1/ Are there big differences in psychosocial care of children surgical patients in the Czech Republic and abroad (Austria, Hungary)? 2/ Are there good conditions for solid psychosocial care of children patients in the Czech Republic?
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Occurance problematic behaviour in relation to the area of their home town.
ŠIKOVÁ, Markéta
The topic of my thesis was the ``Occurrence of Selected Danger Behavior in Relation to a Residential Area{\crqq}. I carried out my research at elementary schools in the South-Bohemian Region from December 2007 to March 2008. Currently, one of the severest issues of our society is a danger behavior, which overwhelmingly affects the young generation. It is a type of behavior, the consequence of which is a demonstrable growth of health, social, educational and other risks for both an individual and the society. The objective of my work was to monitor the occurrence of selected danger behavior by children at elementary schools in the South-Bohemian Region in relation to a residential area. On the basis of that objective, I determined three hypotheses. The first hypothesis proved to be true, since the research results show danger behavior within addictive substances more visible in towns with up to 10 thousand inhabitants unlike towns over 10 thousand. The second hypothesis also held true, because the research results evaluate the largest source for danger behavior to be coevals, regardless of a relation to the size of the town. Finally, the third hypothesis was correct, too, as bullying was researched to be present in towns with over 10 thousand inhabitants unlike towns up to 10 thousand. Today{\crq}s world may be compared to a very hectic and busy time accompanied by a number of issues markedly reflecting in the status of children and the youth. Children are adversely affected by the fact that their families do not pay enough attention to them, which is negatively projected in their lives. In my point of view, a family should draw more attention to such problems and strive to cooperate with other institutions, especially schools, to a high extent. Schools should try to use all possible and available solution variants such as preventative programs, sessions, lectures, and involve the given topic in their lessons. The thesis may be used as a concept for principals and pedagogues to a better awareness of the actual issues and of the current condition at elementary schools in the South-Bohemian Region. It may also be applied as a concept to increase the efficiency of the primary prevention at certain schools, for educational needs and possibly for future researches.
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