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Evaluation of performance and reproduction of Montbéliarde dams
JÍCHOVÁ, Eva
The objective of this study was assessing of utility and fertility in Montbéliarde cows and comparing with utility and fertility in Czech Spotted cows, bred in the same conditions. The recording was performed in the agricultural cooperative Bělčice, where both breeds are bred in the same conditions of environment, nutrition and care. The recording includes 366 cows (123 Montbéliarde cows {--} I, 109 Czech Spotted cows {--} C and 134 50 % Montbéliarde and 50 % Czech Spotted crossbreds - CI), which finished their lactation from 1.10.2004 until 13.7.2007. The fertility was assessed by reproduction indexes as first calving age, insemination period, meantime; and milk yield by utility indexes as quantity of milk; fat, protein, lactose contain, lactation persistence, length of lactation. There have been found important differences in reproduction indexes such as length of service period, length of meantime and first calving age. On I cows there was the biggest length of service period (124.5 days), even the length of meantime (414.6 days), on the contrary the CI group has reached the lowest numbers (99.7 and 377.2 days). Montbéliarde cows reached 844.7 days age when first calving, that is 52.6 days earlier than C group. Czech Spotted cows produced in average 7672.7 kg of milk per lactation when cross breeds produced 7677.1 kg and Montbéliarde cows produced 8708.5 kg of milk. Differences were statistically very significant. Montbéliarde cows had demonstrably lower (P $łeq$ 0,001) fat contain in milk (4.06 % in compare with 4.23 % by C and 4.21 % by CI). There wasn{\crq}t statistically significant difference recorded in protein contain among breeds by numbers 3.46 for C; 3.48 for CI and 3.46 for I. Because of the high milk yield of Montbéliarde cows, there was reached the highest production of fat (352.3 kg) even proteins (300.8 kg) in this breed. The highest index of lactation persistence was documented in Montbéliarde cows in level 89,9 in compare with the lowest reached level 85.4 (P $łeq$ 0.001) in the group of Czech Spotted cows.
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Influence continuous and rotary pastupe on choice physical and chemical characteristics soil (with specification at the marginal area Šumava)
CODLOVÁ, Petra
At present the mountains and sub mountains areas of grazing systems divided into two basic groups on a continuous and rotational. This issue is becoming increasinhgly important, especially with shift cattle with non-market production of milk, where pasture, as mowing and grazing, in particular, is a limits factor for sustainable agriculture in these areas. At present, increasing pressure to streamline the production of nutritionally valueble forage for healty nutrition of cattle in ecological environment by minimalisation energetic and financial inputs. Important role here, among other things, taking the physical properties of soils, both from the aspects of production and in terms of species composition (eg increased incidence of lower secondary grass field of the excessive burden on pasture), influence of nutrition and quality of crop due to deterioration in porosity, volume weight, minimum gauziness etc. Degraded physical properties of soil for pasture crops directly threaten the basic elements of the environment, especiallly water quality.
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The ecological aspect emanation of zinc and copper in the cattle
JURKOVÁ, Petra
The objective of my diploma thesis was to determine the ecological impact of zinc and copper on the dairy and beef cattle breeding in the South-West Bohemia region at the farms located in the Šumava Protected Landscape Area, at the elevation from 750 m to 1070 m. The research included 4 cattle breeding farms, Posobice and Nemilkov {--} dairy cattle, and Hartmanice, Keple {--} beef cattle. In my thesis, I first evaluate the importance of zinc and copper as important mineral matters and their overall influence of the cattle organism. Furthermore, I evaluate their manifestations when these matters are lacking or in surplus in the organism. The final part of the thesis comprises two areas of findings. The first part focuses on the total intake in feed and mineral additives, the level of their content in blood plasma and their quantity excreted by cattle in the individual dairy and beef cattle breeding farms specified above. The second part researches the release of zinc and copper to the environment.
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Processing grower fundamentls for herdsman area with degradation physical and chemical parameter soil (with specification at the marginal area Šumava)
LENCOVÁ, Daniela
Permanent grass overgrowth holds a great importance in the Czech Republic's agriculture. It's functions in the landscape are mostly anti-erosive and landscape-creating. In comparison to other European countries, the ploughed area in the Czech Republic is larger. Therefore it is possible to expect an increase in the overall dimension of the ploughed area, which brings a necessity of land management. An insufficient level of used pratotechnical actions can cause a shift in the effects of grazing on the environment - from the positive to the negative. An excessive straining of herbage linked to the absence of needed interventions leads to a degradation of physical and chemical attributes of the soil. The problem that appears the most is treading out the grass sod, compacting the soil and beginning of the erosive processes. Overlooking this serious frame leads to total devaluation of the land. Therefore adopting and consistent keeping of comprehensive collection of pratotechnical actions, that lead to gradual make up and elimination of the negative effects of the grazing on the land, is vital. This thesis deals with processing the collection of pratotechnical actions, on the basis of realized links between the type of grazing system and evaluated physical and chemical parameters of soils, in two-model areas {--} grazing area Ostřice and grazing area Jenín-Babín.
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Possibilities of the usage of nonconventional methods and dietary supplements in prevention and in health provision of calves
ZÁBRANSKÝ, Luboš
It is important to take care of calves and their health for good results in beef-raising. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplements Lactovita and Biopolym on the frequency of diarrhoea occurrence in calves in the first stages of the period after weaning for milk nutrition. The experiment was conducted in farmers' cooperation Staré Hobzí, where Holstein Cattle are bred. Two groups of calves were made {--} control and experimental group. In an experimental group dietary supplements to support active immunity were served according to the guideline. In case of diarrhoea occurrence the calves from experimental group were cured in the same way as the calves from control group. The occurrence of disorders during the period of experiment, method and length of treatment were recorded. Recorded data were summarised and statistically evaluated. The calves were examined from 29th February to 20th December. The results proved positive effect of dietary supplements Lactovita and Biopolym, but these results were statistifically insignificant. It is assumed that in case of studying bigger groups the proof of statistical significance will be more probable.
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Price analysis of selected products
KŘEMENOVÁ, Kateřina
The aim of this bachelor work is an analysis of agricultural producer prices of cattle and pigs, developments in industrial producer prices of beef and pork, and consumer prices of beef and pork. The theoretical part describes the pricing and analysis of time series. The practical part of this thesis is an analysis of prices of selected products. Information for processing both parts of the bachelor work were drawn from literature and the internet.
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The influence of pasture on biodiversity of invertebrates in sub-mountain localities - coprophagous beetles
SVOBODA, Lukáš
The effect of the pasture management on dung beetle communities was studied on three sites in Šumava Mts. (South and West Bohemia). The intensity of pasturing was different: 78 cattle on the first, 106 on the second and 162 on the third pasture. The beetles were collected using pitfall traps baited by 1.5 litres of fresh cattle dung. The traps were located on each pasture. Altogether 3 traps were used per each pasture. The pitfall traps were exposed in the pasture for 7 days in monthly repetitions from April to October 2008. Totally 8725 specimen and 33 species of beetles were collected. These species belong to families Scarabaeidae,Geotrupidae and Hydrophilidae. The number of species and individuals was evaluated for each pasture, as well as seasonal dynamics and biomass distribution. The results indicate that the more intensive pasturing has the positive effect on the activity of some groups of coprophagous beetles.Other effects of the different pasture management on the beetles were not documented.
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Influence of breeding technology on the utility characteristics of the dairy cows
TRCH, Jan
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to evaluate fertility and milk performance due to technology used in new dairy cow housing. Monitoring was carried out between 2008 and 2009 in the farm Agrospol, which is situated in Malý Bor. All cows were kept in the same technological conditions. Monitoring was carrieed out in 110 dairy cows of Czech spotted (C), Holstein (R) and crossbreeds of these cows (CxR).There were measured indicators of fertility (insemination interval, service period, interim and age at first calving) and indicators of milk production (lactation length, milk quantity, fat content, protein and lactose content).There was found a statistically significant difference in the length of insemination interval in the reproductive indicators. Cows "C" had the lowest numbers in all reproductive indicators: insemination of 72 days, service period 101 days, 386 days of interim and age at first calving 779 days (25/19). Holstein cows reached a length of service period of 133 days which is about 32 days higher than the value of dairy cows "C". Holstein dairy cows in lactation produced at average 9913.6 kg of the milk, cows "CxR" 9839.3 kg and Czech spotted cows 9142.3 kg. There was not found statistically significant difference between these values. The best results in milk production per standard lactation reached cows "C" (9528.7 kg) in the second lactation, cows "CxR" (9751.9 kg) as same as cows "R" (10 695 kg) in the third and following lactations. The highest average fat content of dairy cows had "CxR" with a value of 4.71 %; the fat content was 4.61 % by "R" cows and 4.56 % by "C" cows. There was not found a significant difference at average protein content of dairy cows. Cows "C" reached 3.36 %, cows "CxR" 3.38% and cows "R" 3.35 % of the protein.
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