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Mastitis in goats
BENDOVÁ, Markéta
This bachelor thesis deals with the problems of mastitis in goats. Goat milk is currently enjoying an increasing popularity. During the lactation period there were collected a total of 80 individual samples in four samplings and four pool samples of raw milk. In the samples were analyzed somatic cells count, total microbial counts and psychrotrophic microorganisms. It can be concluded that suckling kids can have an impact on the increased value at the beginning of lactation, even though the milk samples weren´t higher than the applicable legislation. Poor hygiene of breeding goats increases the risk of mastitis and thus degrades the quality of milk and dairy products, while keeping good hygienic conditions is reflected in the excellent quality of goat milk and subsequently ensure customer satisfaction.
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Mental hygiene after demanding intervention of IRS
SYNEK, Antonín
The bachelor thesis deals with the mental hygiene at IRS services after an exacting intervention. The thesis has been divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part contains six main units, which are concentrated on issues of the mental hygiene, stress and burnout syndrome at the basic IRS services. The practical part contains results of a questionnaire survey focused on the mental hygiene and leisure time activities of IRS members and employees after excacting interventions. The main objective of my thesis was to discover means of the mental hygiene most frequently used by IRS workers after the exacting intervention.
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Quantification of Basic and Special Nursing Performance on Standard Units of the Children's Department
SOROKANETS, Viktorie
Abstract Quantification of General and Special Nursing Procedures at Standard Units of Paediatric Departments The present thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with the history of paediatrics, training and competencies of paediatric nurses, contemporary paediatric care and the range of provided services. There is a separate part describing general and special nursing care. Due to a limited scope of the bachelor's thesis, attention was paid to principal activities of paediatric nurses. Within the first part of the research survey two objectives and five hypotheses were established. The work aimed to inventory general and special nursing care at standard units of paediatric departments. The following hypotheses were set: H1: The most frequent general nursing procedure is patient personal hygiene care. H2: The most frequent special nursing procedure in the "Medication Administration" category is the oral (per os) administration of medication. H3: The most frequent special nursing procedure in the "Monitoring" category is the monitoring of body temperature. H4: The most frequent special nursing procedure in the category of "Special and Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures" is biological sampling. H5: The most frequent special nursing procedure in the category of "Other Patient Related Activities" is the reception of a patient. The research survey was carried out as a quantitative survey. The research sample consisted of 49 nurses of standard paediatric departments at five selected hospitals, namely the hospitals in České Budějovice (Nemocnice České Budějovice, a. s.), Prachatice (Nemocnice Prachatice, a. s.), Strakonice (Nemocnice Strakonice, a. s.), Písek (Nemocnice Písek, a. s.) and Český Krumlov (Nemocnice Český Krumlov, a. s.). The second part of the survey focused on assessing the selected nursing procedures. General nursing procedures included meal preparation, feeding and diapering a baby. Special nursing care included oral (per os) and rectal (per rectum) medication administration, also intravenous injection, infusion and its monitoring, assisting in examinations, blood and faeces sampling, taking part in the round and patient handover. Each procedure was measured ten times and the result was counted up and divided by their number in order to obtain the average value. The hypotheses were tested by means of the Kruskal-Wallis test where the mean rank value was set. On the basis of the test the set hypotheses were either confirmed or disconfirmed. In the area of general nursing care where three categories were compared, the highest value (463.68) was obtained for the nutrition care. The first hypothesis was therefore not confirmed. In the area of special nursing care, the "Medication Administration" category, the highest value (403.07) was obtained for medication preparation and oral administration. Again, the hypothesis was not confirmed. The hypothesis in the "Monitoring" category was confirmed since the highest value (539) was obtained for body temperature monitoring. Following, there are "Special and Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures" where the hypothesis was not confirmed as well since the most frequent procedure is the preparation of a child for an examination (662.21). Based on the arithmetic mean calculation in the last category of "Other Patient Related Activities" where the highest value (8.09) was obtained for filling out nursing diagnoses, the hypothesis was not confirmed as well. The results of the observation part served for creating a draft of a software application aimed at calculation of the nursing load in a monitored number of patients. This application is ready for further development.
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The use of teaching methods in nursing practice with a focus on prevention of lifestyle-related diseases.
DUBOVÁ, Marie
Diseases of affluence are those that accompany any given society at any given time. The best "treatment" for diseases of affluence is prevention, which in nursing practice can be achieved by using appropriate teaching methods. One of the diseases of affluence is tooth decay. Recent studies have shown a significant decrease in oral hygiene amongst children. The result is an increase in tooth decay which has a negative impact on the secondary dentition. Prevention should include increasing children?s awareness of their own health and learning effective teeth cleaning with the help of their parents. The role of nurses in primary prevention of oral health of children is indispensable and includes various educational activities. This thesis is focused on the use of appropriate teaching methods of tooth decay prevention in nursing practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a prevention programme called ?A Healthy Tooth?. This programme was aimed at children in kindergarten and pupils in the first four years of primary schools. Its aim was to increase their skills and knowledge of preventing tooth decay. It was also aimed at parents of the children who were trained in this programme. To achieve the purposes of this thesis we used a methodological triangulation technique which enabled us to examine the impact of the programme by applying several different methods. The following methods were used: a questionnaire for parents and children, interviews with children and direct observation of children while they were cleaning their teeth. The questionnaire for parents and children consisted of six closed questions about the issue of tooth decay prevention. The questionnaires were anonymous and were compiled for the purposea of this thesis. The questionnaires were distributed to the children with a written consent from their parents. The research sample for the quantitative survey of parents included parents of children from kindergartens and primary schools in Jindřichův Hradec. 130 questionnaires were distributed, 128 (98 %) of completed questionnaires were returned and none of them were discarded. The research sample for the quantitative investigation of children included children from kindergartens and the first four years of primary schools in Jindřichův Hradec. With the consent of the parents, 24 children from kindergartens and 108 children from primary schools were interviewed. 132 (100%) questionnaires were classified for further evaluation. The data were evaluated using Microsoft Excel charts. To verify the hypotheses, we used a test of independence ? chi-square ? using a PivotTable. For the semi-structured interviews with children, we created a schedule of questions. The central topic of the interview was tooth decay and its prevention. Interviews with children were conducted with the written consent of their parents and were anonymised. Direct observation of children during toothbrushing was conducted to explore the method and sequence of cleaning their teeth. It was noted in the answer sheet and photographs were taken with the consent of the parents of the respondents. The research sample for the qualitative survey consisted of ten children ? five children from kindergartens in Jindřichův Hradec and five children from primary schools in Jindřichův Hradec. The data were processed in the SmartArt diagrams and tables using Microsoft Office Word 2007. The results of the survey helped determine the depth of knowledge and skills in the tooth decay prevention of children. It showed some positive effects of the use of appropriate teaching methods in the effectiveness of the prevention programme in nursing practice. It also contributed to the improvement of dental health in the child population.
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Educational programme of dental care for primary school
SCHREIBEROVÁ, Tereza
The bachelor thesis is focused on dental hygiene of children attending primary school; the part of the thesis is creating tutorial and putting it into practice. At present, there is more and more talk about the importance of dental hygiene. A lot of people are suffering with dental caries. Oral health is related to the overall health of individuals. Therefore, the thesis focuses on children at the primary schools. At this age, it is very important to get good habits. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with dentistry and its parts, dental anatomy, periodontal disease, nutritional advice, prevention and dental hygiene?s tool and dental problems in childhood. Child patient requires a different approach of care than an adult. The practical part is formed on the basis of a questionnaire survey, where the questionnaires were the base for the graphic part. Results of survey are indications of the level of dental hygiene and knowledge about it.
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The influence of dental condition on overall health of seniors and the role of Health Education in this age group.
VALKOVÁ, Michaela
Bacherol Thesis is focused primaliry on fading of senior in dental hygiene and influence of dental condition on overall health in the age group. Unfortunately today isn´t the issue of seniors oral health and oral cavity insufficient attention. Insufficient oral care and bad informatik of seniors can lead to premature los sof natural teeth. Therefore awarenes is basic in preventing dental hygiene, as et seniors, so for other age groups. Theoretical part of Bacherol Thesis, ainclude information about the anatomy of teeth, diseases of the supporting apparatus and prosthetic dentistry and also causes and prevention in this field. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the the type of dental equipment suitable for seniors brushing technique and dental prostheses, that made perfect oral hygiene seniors did not proceed. The practical part of the thesis includes the development and realization of an educational program for seniors concerning dental hygiene and prevention. In the research part of the thesis find the awareness seniors in dental hygiene with the help of the questionnaire survey and subsequent evaluation of the graphical part.
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DIET EFFECT ON TOOTH DECAY WITH INDEX KPE EVALUATION IN BLANSKO
VAŠÍČKOVÁ, Pavlína
Regular development of our teeth is the result of reciprocal induction processes with continual development stages. The non-interrupted development of the organism is the basic precondition of healthy dental tissues. It is, therefore, necessary to be aware of the fact that everybody takes on full responsibility for their own health. If we want to have clean and healthy teeth without tooth ache, oulitis and other problems we must take proper dental care. Tooth decay is the most widespread disease affecting the humankind from of old and proper dental care is, therefore, very important. Deteriorating dental tissues result in tooth decay and have various speed and intensity. Tooth decay affects tooth enamel, get to dental pulp and consequently may cause neuritis the result of which is prolonged pain. In the worst case, abscess may appear. The consequences may become the source of protracted disorders of permanent teeth development. Stomatologists can introduce to us the basics of proper dental care. The first visit at the dentist is recommended before a problem appears. If some problems occur it is necessary to visit the dentist sooner, then the regular preventive exams follow. At least twice a year, we should undergo preventive checkups. Regular monitoring of dental health is important especially for the early identification of undesirable changes in our teeth and gums. Relationship between the dentist and child is also very important. Factors that are important for the prevention of teeth damage are motivation, suitable diet, physical condition, physical education, regular mouth hygiene performed with the use of chemical and mechanical applications. Using of fluoride, changes in life style, suitable eating habits and hygiene habits are also important. If a person develops bad eating habits at a young age the risk tooth decay is becoming more probable. Unhealthy nutrition causes metabolism disorders that result in the increased occurrence of tooth decay and mucosa disease in oral cavity. The nutrition composition is important also for the mineralization and development of hard adenoblasts. Not balanced nutrition leads to the poor development of man and, therefore, to the easier occurrence of the tooth decay. Most serious problems are caused by sugars as bacteria use it as a source, and acids as the subsequent products diminish tooth enamel, dentine or dental pulp. Alcohol, drugs and smoking are counted among other risk factors with negative influence on dentition. Eating disorders are the opposite of healthy and correct eating habits. They are often encountered in diseases connected mainly with lack of appetite. The excessive intake of food occurs especially in obese children. Strengthening of dental tissues resistance, supporting the mineralization process and protection against the bacteria creation is supported by fluorine. For the healthy development of tissues the intake of calcium, phosphor, proteins, minerals and vitamins is important. A very important part of the rational nutrition represent milk and cheese. Pregnant women and nursing mothers especially should follow an appropriate diet. Apart from others consequences, the nutrition structure influences the composition and amount of saliva. Chewing of gum that increases the production of saliva serves also to the teeth cleaning and balances the mouth pH. Chewing can even be better than tooth brushing with toothpaste. Teeth are the symbol of energy and vital force. Poor teeth show lack of immunity and represent the sign of lowering vitality.
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The evaluation of the oral health level at the patients using the care of the dental hygienist in comparison with the patients not using this type of treatment
KNOTKOVÁ, Nikola
My baccalaureate work deals with the activities of a dental hygienist, the significance of this profession for the oral health of patients and the awareness of this service among the population. The theoretical section of my work is focused on the tasks of a dental hygienist, the issues related to parodont disorders, examination methods, treatment phases and subsequent care. The practical section is based on two hypotheses. The research objective consists in the evaluation of the contribution of the dental hygienist profession as related to the dental hygiene standard. The evaluation of Hypothesis 1 was resulted from a secondary analysis of the data contained in the health records of patients visiting the practice of a dental hygienist and Hypothesis 2 was based on the evaluation of questionnaires fulfilled by patients of dental surgeries. Is has been confirmed that patients making use of the services of a dental hygienist tend to have a healthier parodont, unfortunately, only a small fraction of patients actually use them due to lack of information on this health service offer and on the significance of preventing the severe problem of parodont disorders. The primary purpose of the presented research was to incorporate its results into my baccalaureate work. Further, I intend to publish it in a journal for stomatologists, dental nurses and hygienists, simultaneously the results will serve for the internal purposes of dental surgeries.
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The role of a nurse during a postoperative period supporting patient's independence after an amputation lower limb.
ZRZAVECKÝ, Martin
Having studied medical literature and having gained practical experience in taking care of patients with amputation in the Surgery Ward of the Hospital České Budějovice a.s., I decided to focus my bachelor thesis on: The role of nurses in promoting self-sufficiency in patients with amputation during postoperative period. Lower-extremity amputation can be defined as the removal of a peripheral body part resulting from an injury or surgical operation. Currently, road transport in particular accounts for a high accident frequency. Many young people experience the loss of a body part due to injuries. As a planned surgical procedure, amputation of the lower extremity is performed in order to relieve or eliminate pain or in order to prevent infection or metastases from spreading. Lower-extremity amputation changes the life quality of most people. Health professionals provide the care for amputations according to the standards and lead the patients towards gaining self-sufficiency. The qualitative research was aimed at: 1. mapping the role of nurses in promoting self-sufficiency in the patients with amputation during postoperative period, as viewed by both the nurses and the patients, and 2. determining the degree of successful practising self-sufficiency in the patients with amputation during postoperative period. The relevant research questions were set as follows: 1. What is the role of nurses in promoting self-sufficiency in the patients with lower-extremity amputation, as viewed by nurses? 2. What is the influence of nursing on the self-sufficiency of the patients with lower-extremity amputation? 3. How do nurses practise self-sufficiency in the patients with lower-extremity amputation during postoperative period? The qualitative research was based on the use of in-depth interviews with the nurses and patients. The research sample included patients with lower-extremity amputation and nurses of the Surgery and Traumatology Wards in the Hospital České Budějovice a.s.. As regards the promotion of self-sufficiency in the patients with lower-extremity amputation, the results indicate that the nurses from the Surgery and Traumatology Wards performed mainly activities aimed at satisfying patients´ physiological needs (hygiene, food and fluid intake, excretion, assistance in moving and in the need to be pain-free). Nurses of the Surgery Ward consider practising self-sufficiency in these patients more demanding in view of the patient´s age and the type of amputation related to a chronic disease. Patients believe that nursing care during the hospitalization has a significant influence on their self-sufficiency. The nurses of both the Surgery and Traumatology Wards consider practising self-sufficiency to be of great importance and can observe different effects as related to the patient´s age and the cause of amputation. Both the nurses and the patients agree that practising self-sufficiency includes hygiene, assistance with food intake and excretion, getting up from bed to assume vertical position, practising movability and managing pain. The investigation objectives were fulfilled and the obtained results may help nurses improve the quality of nursing, which will contribute to the improvement of the quality of life in the patients with amputation.
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Standardization of work and working conditions regarding to safety in selected company
KOČEROVÁ, Dana
The aim of this work is not only to be familiar with the history and current legislation relating to health and safety at work, but mainly with the application of legal standards in the specific conditions of the selected company with a focus on selected workplace. Occupational health and safety of workers in the performance of work tasks is one of the fundamental duty of every employer. This obligation arises mainly from the Labour Code, which imposes a number of duties and rights not only on the employers but also on the employees and trade unions. The main pillar of occupational health and safety at work is the searching and evaluation of risks at work - prevetion of risks at work. An integral part of this problem is the categorization of work, safety of technical equipments, personal protective equipment, work hygiene, occupational medicine. Equally important is the area of fire protection and ecology.
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