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Special case of burning people
PETRÁK, Martin
In the Czech Republic, as well as in other countries, there are cases of fires reported, where the thermal destruction of the body of the victim is not a result of thermal effects of a fire of the surrounding space. These fires are typical for the affected area that is limited to the body and the immediate surroundings only. Frequently the bodies show extensive and complete thermal destruction of tissues to high levels of carbonization. Human tissue combustion appears in foreign sources, especially popular science, described with the term "Spontaneous Human Combustion". In the Czech Republic the translation equivalent is "samovolné vzplanutí osob". The motivation for the choice of the topic "Special Cases of Human Combustion" was the lack of adequate fire origin investigation methodology to be used by the members of the Fire and Rescue Service of CR. The other reason for the choice of the topic was the misleading information published in popular science sources and alternative information sources. The first step of the research was the literature research of the available professional texts and specific fire reports. Based on information gathered was designed scope and conditions of a research experiment conducted on samples of the same type of animal tissue, which corresponds to the human tissue. For the samples the tissue of a domestic pig was used and the samples were prepared to contain uniform percentages of muscle, fat and bone, including skin. The experiment was carried out in an accredited laboratory owned by the company PAVÚS, a.s. - fire testing laboratory #1026 in Veselí nad Lužnicí. With each sample the influence of different flammable substances on the level of subsequent damage of the animal tissue was tested. The influence of typical layered clothing, flammable base and cover was evaluated. Different real environment conditions were simulated with each sample. The aim of the thesis was an evaluation of the possibility of a start and the process of combustion of animal tissue. It was confirmed that the combustion of animal tissue, including bone tissue, is possible in a regular fire. The flammable materials in the form of clothing and the presence and the characteristics of a flammable base are crucial for the start and process of the combustion. The experiment revealed the possibility of further independent combustion of the tissue when supplied with a certain amount of initial energy by burning of the surrounding materials. The combustion of animal tissue characterically takes predominantly the form of smouldering lasting several hours, where the maximal measured temperature of the surface of the sample was 644,50 oC. The experiment further revealed the temperatures of the human tissue combustion not to be high enough to cause an ignition of flammable materials within defined distance. The results of the thesis can be used to define the basic guidelines for the members of Fire and Rescue Service of CR and the criminal justice, who can provide support with investigation of the causes of these types of fires of persons.
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Preparedness of the Czech Republic for Pandemic Flu
JURZYKOWSKÁ, Lucie
Influenza illness occures masively in human population for centuries. Influenza is an acute disorder of viral origin. Currently influenza can be found all over the world. The viruses of influenza are circulating continously in all continents not only in the human population, but in animals too. Every year the population is affected by the seasonal epidemic of different magnitude. Influenza illness pose an important medical, social and economical problem. Next to the seasonal outbreaks occuring every year the influenza pandemic can appear after several tens of years. The pandemic of influenza would mean spread all over the world and it is caused by the new variant of the influenza virus. In past the influenza pandemics caused mortality of millions of people all over the world, high economical losses and social collapse of the states in the history. That´s why the particular states prepare their national pandemic plans. The early preparedness for possible influenza pandemic elaborated in the national pandemic plans and the measures following from the plans constitute a tool for reduction of extent, impact and outcomes of pandemic. The quality of preparedness can influence the economical functions of states, medical impacts of illness and final number of the victims. The aim of the dissertation is to compare the proposed measures responding to the influenza pandemic arising from the national pandemic plans of the Czech and Slovak Republic, to ascertain the state of preparedness to the influenza pandemic following from the pandemic plan of the Czech Republic and the situation in awareness of the civil population about the influenza pandemic in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of the dissertation is focused on the epidemiological characteristic of the influenza illness. In the sphere of interest the issue of influenza pandemics is explained in terms of their history and the next field of the dissertation is focused on the pandemic plans. The research part of the dissertation is focused on the solution to the given research questions. Two research questions were specified to accomplish the defined aim: What are the differences between the approaches and measures in the pandemic plans of the Czech and Slovak Republic? What is the knowledge and awareness of civil population about the influenza pandemic in the Czech Republic? Regarding the issue the methodology the first research question included analysis of the content of the pandemic plans of the Czech and Slovak Republic and performance of the Checklist method in order to obtain an overview on approach, procedures and standard of preparedness in the territory of both states and possibilities their reciprocal comparison. Under the second research question the awareness and knowledge of the civil population about the pandemic influenza in the Czech Republic was investigated. For acquiring the data of researching study there was used The method of quantitative research was used to acquire the data for the research survey. The form of twenty questions was created. The first part of the questionnaire was focused on the general knowledge about influenza and the second part on the influenza pandemic and related measures. The respondents chose from the answers defined in advance. There wasn´t used the random sampling of the respondents. Fifty respondents from the non-representative sample filled out the form for acquiring the basic knowledge and finding out theoretical information about the influenza pandemic. Subsequently the statistical analysis was made from the obtained data using the methods of descriptive and mathematic statistic. It follows from the analysing results that the knowledge about the influenza illness and influenza pandemic exists among the civil population which means the laic public, but they are the lower extent and do not correspond to the normal frequency distribution.
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Knowledge and preparedness of the population to provide first aid in case of an extraordinary events.
KRIŽÁNEK, Ján
The title of this diploma thesis is knowledge and preparedness of the population to provide first aid in case of an extraordinary events. It is divided into two main parts, that is the theoretical part and the empirical part of the thesis. The theoretical part of this diploma thesis is contained in one main chapter named Current status that contains several subheads. In the consecutive successive subheads we define the definition of first aid and its history. Moreover they contain characteris-tics and division of the Slovakian Integrated rescue system and the activity of the IRS coordination center. Within first aid and its procedure, this diploma thesis contains cha-racterizations of the first approach to the befallen, the characteristics of the rescue chain and the appointment and detailed description of life-saving activities. The next subhead contains selection of dangerous accidents with the tendency of direct threat to life and their treatment in the means of first aid. Further away we created an individual subhead about the procedure at the casualty site with a large number of the befallen persons. A very important element of first aid is the psychological effect on the befallen. This is described in the subhead Providing of psychological first aid at the casualty site. The next subhead describes the most common myths, miscues and mistakes in providing of amateur first aid. Many amateur rescuers stand by inactively in situations when help is needed, they feel that their knowledge of providing first aid is not sufficient and they are afraid. All of these negative factors cost the befallen valuable seconds that are nee-ded for saving a life and that is why it´s important to increase the public awareness abo-ut providing first aid. The individual subhead about extraordinary events contains basic characteristics of this problem and the description of chosen, most commonly occurring extraordinary events that endanger the residents of Slovakia. Seeing that the chosen method of this diploma thesis is a questionnaire and subsequently statistical evaluation of acquired data, it was necessary to include the statistical methods in the theoretical part of the thesis. The last part of the theoretical part of this diploma thesis is the des-cription of basic descriptive statistics methods and the description of the mathematical statistics methods, that are applied in the empirical part of the thesis. The empirical part of this diploma thesis begins with an assessment of aims and two hypothesis, that focus on ascertaining of the degree of theoretical knowledge of civilians about the providing of first aid in different kinds of extraordinary events. The methodical part of the thesis describes the way of collecting the data using a questionna-ire, it closely describes the characteristics of object file, inquiry progression and results processing. The results describe individual questions and their evaluation and subsequ-ently course of statistical inquiry and comparing its results using the methods of des-criptive and mathematical statistics. The last chapter of this diploma thesis is focused on the discussion about acquired results from the individual questions inquiries and subse-quently the description of the results of statistical inquiry. This part of the thesis further away contains practical recommendations that emerge from acquired results and their application.
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Department of Civil Protection in the army in the Czech Republic since 1989
ŽÁKOVÁ, Markéta
This paper has two parts, theoretical and a practical one. The theoretical part consists of five subchapters and these are dividend into several parts. In the first subchapter I describe the term civil defence as well as its long history that has been recorded since 1929, surpassing the Second World War. The second subchapter contains an explanation of what kind of services are included in the civil defence and their brief description. These services were composed of units intended to civilians and soldiers. They have been used for rescue and clean up operations when emergencies as epidemics or epiphytie have occurred. The third subchapter details the legislative history of civil defence. This subchapter is divided into eight parts each of which describes a specific period of legislative changes. The first legislation related to civil defence Act no. 82/1935 Coll., on the protection and defense against air attacks, which laid the foundations for further legislation. During the Second World War, the legislation did not change, it just changed the name civil defence to "Luftschuz". However, officially the name "civil defence" appeared first in 1992. After that year it became a significant change in this area. The fourth subchapter describes the development of the prewar Czechoslovak army in the period since 1918 to 1938. I describe subsequent modernization and reorganization of the Czechoslovak army, which was aimed to defend us against our only enemy which was Germany. Our army was one of the best armies from all over Europe, even though it was dissolved due to the occupation. In the fifth subchapter the postwar development of the army is analyzed . The fifth subchapter has six parts, in which the development is divided into particular time periods. The biggest changes in the military occurred in 1948 due to the onset of communism in our country, after extensive reorganization in 1968 after the invasion of Soviet troops, and finally in 1993 after the split of Czechoslovakia into two independent countries. The practical part of my work is rather theoretical, because of the thesis of my work and its objectives. My work consists of four chapters, which are the research question, methodics, results and discussion. The second chapter contains of two subchapters in which the research question and methodics. In the subchapter that deals with research issue, I describe literally the name and the research question, "What is the development trend of civil defense in the army in the Czech Republic since 1989?" The development trend is decreasing and it is because the civil defense troops have to depart beyond the borders of our country and can not fight. In the second subchapter I describe the methodology that I have processed my work with. The third chapter contains the main results of my thesis, which describe the history and changes in the structure of 15th Engineer Regiment. Furthermore, the results describe also the history of the engineer battalion, their structure, tasks, utilization, equipment and technology. Moreover I focus on various laws, rules, regulations, contracts and agreements, which are in accordance with the deployment of forces and means of military rescue units of the Army of the Czech Republic. The results also contain tables of the amount of engineers and rescue workers in the 15th Engineers Regiment, as they changed over time since 2003 until 2013, from which the changes occurred in the numbers. These numbers are set in the graph to show effectively the decrease of the civil defense troops in the country. The fourth chapter is a discussion in which I describe changes in the number of military units of civil defence and the reasons why these changes has occurred. These departments were transferred to other sections or canceled. As a matter of fact, the Rescue Battalion Hlucin has been transferred to the subordination of the Fire Brigade of the Czech Republic.
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Analýza chovu skotu v Libereckém kraji
TLUSTÁ, Tereza
A cattle breeding in the Liberec Region had a long tradition; in the second half of the 20th century there were kept over 100 000 heads. Nowadays is a state of the breeded cattle nearly half. The aim of this work is to find informations about a number of heads and about a productivity (a fertility, a dairy and a meat yield) of their herds from breeders. Further to compare these informations with a diameter of the Czech Republic and with the re-sults in yearbooks and other literature. A breeding technology and main cattle productivities the milk production and the meat production and related reproduction are shortly mentioned in the theoritical part of the work. Also there are specified natural and historical conditions for an agri-culture in the Liberec Region and a couple of breeds. The informations from selected breeds of the Liberec Region are worked out in the practical part of the work. The details are put into tables and graphs and compared with the results of the whole Liberec Region and with the nationwide diameter of the Czech Republic. A number of cattle in the Liberec Region raised again after a fall in 2012, in 2015 was the number of heads higher than in 2011 (before the decrease). The develop-ment of the number of cattle in Liberec Region copies an average nationwide deve-lopment. A growth of the number was registered in 8 of 9 selected breeds in last years. The cattle productivity results of the Liberec Region are a little lower than the nationwide diameter. There was registered a gradual growth in most of productive and reproductive features, faster than the diameter's growth. If this positive growth trend will continue, the productivity of the Liberec Region would achieve the diameter of the Czech Republic in next years. The productivity of the choosen breeds are above the average in the region; in some indexes are higher than the results of the Czech Republic.
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Logistics of the Castle Guard for managment and resolution of emergency situations.
ZATLOUKAL, Miroslav
The theme of the thesis is the logistics of the Castle Guard in resolving a security incident. The work is divided into several chapters. In the theoretical part defines the basic terminology, here is the definition of logistics, its function and priority tasks in the Czech Republic. Another chapter is devoted to the history and development of logistics. There is mentioned the emergence of logistics in the Army of the Czech Republic, its place and role of the army in the 20th century, stages and priorities, logistics in the of Army Czech Republic at the beginning of the 21st century in a distant perspective. In the chapter on command and control of logistics are mentioned strategic, operational and tactical levels of command. The following is a summary breakdown of military equipment, weapons and ammunition. The next part is focused on the specifics of the Castle Guard, organizational structure, scope, and in particular specific weapons and equipment are mentioned. Another chapter is devoted to logistics Castle Guards during extraordinary events such as floods in the Czech Republic in 2013. Described is the effect of Units 1 and 2 Battalion in the removal of flood damage. The aim of this thesis was to compare the logistics of the Castle Guard at the standard of service and security at participation in emergency response. The work was made on the basis of the study of literature, websites, collecting information obtained in interviews with the Chief of Staff of the Castle Guard and Chief of Logistics of the Castle Guard. To analyze the logistic flood in 2013 was used a questionnaire to members of the Castle Guard who participated in this extraordinary event. All data correspond to actual reality. The results described logistical support of deployed troops, cooperation in the area of deployment, security, substitution is mentioned logistical and material support of one of the floods in 2013 (transportation, serving meals, published resources for individuals). All costs of logistics to ensure incidents are listed in the tables in the Annex. Part of this work was the preparation of a questionnaire for members of the Castle Guard, who participated in the incident. 186 men were questioned who answered 5 20 questions on the topic. Evaluation of the questionnaire was processed for clarity in tables and graphs (listed in the Annex). Most members interviewed commented positively on the evaluation of logistics emergencies. On the basis of this survey, we can say that this situation was managed at a high level. Castle Guard soldiers conducted mainly cleaning, loading destroyed property when clearing buildings and in some cases their preparation for demolition. It also contributed to the maintenance, inspection, assembly and storage of flood defenses into containers. In some areas it was the clearing of residential premises, land and reconstruction of the fence. The chaplain of the Castle Guard was present, and provided spiritual assistance to the people of most affected areas. Logistics Castle Guard worked very flexibly and systematically. Floods in 2013 meant for Castle Guard huge and yet unique experience that was in terms of logistics mastered at a very good level. Despite this positive assessment of the logistics management of the Castle Guard recognizes the possibility of further deployment of units and those preparing even greater care and precision. Due to the ever more frequent occurrence of floods in the Czech Republic, it is expected that this extraordinary event will not be the last, in which the Castle Guard will participate in the future.
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Training and education of disabled people on section of population protection issue creation of educational materials
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Petra
This Bacherol thesis deals with the topic of education and training disabled people in the population protection division. The aim of the thesis is to assess the present state of education and training of the disabled children, pupils and students in the population protection division in the Highland region and to propose and create appropriate educational materials for several types of disabilities corresponding to these disabilities. The theoretical part described the development in the population protection division in The Czech Republic, there was done a research of the legal standards connected with the population protection. A very large part deals with the educational system of the Czech republic. In this part were described specific types of disabilities including the ways of education these disabled persons. The other part of the work deals with the preventive educational activities of The firebrigade of the Czech republic, the support of education connected with "Population protection division in emergencies" from The firebrigade of the Czech republic. Special attention was paid to preventive educational activities of The firebrigade of the Highland region. In the research part there was described methodology of the research. The information needed was collected through the form of PAPI Paper and Pen Interviewing at the firebrigades of the regions and through the survey at headmasters and teachers in Special Schools in the Highland region. It was a qualitative research at the firebrigades and a quantitative research at the headmasters and teachers in Special Schools. The interviews in PAPI form at the firebrigades included 10 questions. The aim of them was to examine whether there are the preventive educational activities in Kindergartens, primary and secondary schools for children, pupils and students with special needs. A part of the interview dealed with dispositions of the aids for blind, deaf and mentally handicaped persons. The questionnaire for the headmasters of special schools included 17 questions related to basic information about the school, some questions reflected the amount of hours devoted to education of the problematics of "Population protection division in emergencies" and the right amount of aids for education of this problematics, also the right amount of aids for disabled persons mainly the blind, deaf and mentally handicaped persons. There were questions covering the special training of the teachers working with the problematisc of "Population protection division in emergencies", moreover the questions dealing with the practical training, preventive educational activities and making excursions in stations of The firebrigade of the Highland region. The questionnaire for the teachers of special schools included 22 questions related to basic information about the answerers. Part I included reflection, there were questions asking about education of the teachers in the problematics of "Population protection division in emergencies". Part II included education of children, pupils and students, the questions included the range of teaching this problematics, the method used for this, the other questions dealed with the right amount of aids especially for the disabled blind, deaf and mentally disabled persons. This thesis gives preview on the problematics of "Population protection division in emergencies" and opinions of the teachers. This Bacherol thesis shows the insufficiency in education and training for disabled children, pupils and students in the protection division in the Highland region. The results show mainly the insufficiency of aids for the blind, deaf and mentally disabled persons. The part of this thesis is also the suggestion for making adequate educational materials for these disabilities. The results of this thesis, especially the suggestions for making educational materials, could be used as educational material for education and training for the disabled persons.
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Development and operation of terorist groups with regard to the situation after 2001
LIŠKA, Jaroslav
Terrorism is a very complex and ever developing phenomenon, which can be construed as systematic use of organised violence against uninvolved persons for the purpose of achieving political, criminal or other goals. The struggle against it is very complicated, but necessary. Currently, many people especially connect this term with the Islamic religion. Islamic radicals justify the performed terrorist attacks by an extreme perception of the holy book of Quran and proclaim themselves as holy fighters for freedom. However, recent years have shown that terrorism has spread throughout the world and now with the mass migration represents one of the largest threats for today's society. Terrorism develops as fast as our society and prides itself with the ever growing popularity with sponsors of various kinds with different interests, who with their considerable not only financial support allow the terrorist groups to commit more and more sophisticated and destructive attacks. From the perspective of the CR it can be said that our state can fortunately be considered relatively safe, unlike other member countries of the EU. However, it is necessary to take into account the participation of the CR in the international antiterrorist operations, which without question make the CR a potential target of a possible terrorist attack. However, the participation in these missions is necessary. The currently largest terrorist group Islamic State included the Czech Republic in its list of the "crusade coalition" at the end of 2015, where all enemies of this "pseudo-state". The theoretical part of the thesis on the topic of the Development and action of terrorist groups with regard to the situation after 2001 especially deals with the issues of Islamic terrorist groups. In the introduction of the thesis, the fundamental terms of the issues in question, such as terrorism, Islam, jihad, Islamism, Islamic fundamentalism. The second part of the theoretical part of the thesis deals with terrorist organisations. Due to the current safety situation, the main attention was attached to the development and activity of major terrorist groups, that is Hezbollah, Hamas, and of course Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State. These selected terrorist organisations are elucidated in the theses as much as possible, including their leaders. Subsequently, further selected terrorist organisations are linked to these terrorist groups, namely Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, Palestine Islamic Jihad, and Taliban. In the initial chapter of the research part of the thesis, a research question is stated, which has been determined as follows: "What is the threat of a terrorist attack in the territory of the Czech Republic?", which directly follows the goal of the thesis, which was stipulated as: "Assessment of the threat of a terrorist attack in the territory of the Czech Republic depending on the development of the terrorist groups." Furthermore, the research methodology is stated. In the following chapter of the research part with the title "Results", the reader first familiarises himself with the largest terrorist attacks so far, which have taken place in the USA, on 11 September 2001 and were a turning point in the history of terrorism. The last pages of this part of the thesis contemplate the attacks of Islamic radicals and the situation in the West after 11 September 2001. The middle part of this chapter familiarises the reader with the threats of terrorism for the CR with an accent on Islamic terrorism. Attention is also paid to the Muslim community living in the CR and EU as a potential risk factor of a possible attack. The last part of this chapter of the thesis states semi-structured interviews, which were conducted with leading experts in the issues of terrorism. In the final chapter with the title "Discussion", an analysis of the examined areas is performed. In the conclusion of the thesis, the research question and the thesis objective are answered.
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Terms of Developing the Cultural Identity of Minorities Members in the Czech Majority Culture
OPELKOVÁ, Tereza
This disertation deals with Crisis elements in developing of cultural identity of members of minorities in the Czech majority group. The aim of my thesis is to find out what crises have occurred in Europe since the beginning of the 20th century, between the minority and the majority society until today, and what position takes the Czech society to minorities. The thesis is divided into 8 parts. The first chapter provides the basic term a culture, which describes its genesis and evolution.The second chapter explains the other terms such as cultural identity, Czech identity and character, further cultural pluralism, which subsumes cultural education and cultural crisis. The third chapter is devoted to prejudice. The fourth chapter describes multiculturalism, multicultural coexistence in the Czech Republic, its legislative page and there are defined the basic concepts linked to multiculturalism.The fifth chapter is focused on the eight widespread minority groups living in the Czech Republic.The sixth and the seventh chapter describe the European crisis evolution from the 20th century caused by the two world wars, to today's refugee crisis. The last eighth chapter is devoted to a public discourse, which is focused on the opinions of high-ranking Czech and Slovak politicians namely President of the Czech Republic Mr. Milos Zeman, the Czech Prime Minister, Mr. Bohuslav Sobotka, the political scientist Mr. Martin Konvička, the Slovak politician, Mrs. Magda Vašáryová and the former politician, Mr. Miroslav Sladek. Their different view on the situation is compared in the end.
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The use of the concept of basal stimulation in special primary school
SIEBENSTICHOVÁ, Pavla
This bachelor thesis deals with the application of the Basic Stimulation concept at special primary schools, i.e. schools serving for children suffering from serious forms of mental disability, in combination with potential other disabilities. The basic stimulation concept was created by the German special pedagogue Prof. Andreas Fröhlich in the 1970s, for the education of pupils suffering from serious mental or combined disabilities, at special schools. It was applied in nursing by Prof. Christel Binstein in the 1980s. In this area it also used in the Czech Republic for the first time at the beginning of this century, thanks to PhDr. Karolína Friedlová.The objective of this bachelor thesis was to find out in which way basic stimulation may be used at special primary schools and how it can be incorporated into the education programme. In accordance with this objective, my thesis contains a definition of the basic terms, a brief historical outline of the development of basic stimulation and its theoretical foundations, and subsequently the particular techniques that the concept makes use of. The most essential passage is the theoretical definition of possibilities of applying the concept in the special pedagogical practice, particularly at special primary schools. This part is completed with three case studies that present the real application possibilities of the basic stimulation concept at three special primary schools in scope of the whole Czech Republic.
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