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The evaluation of radiation burden of patients and the possibility of radiation emergence and management of emergencies at the nuclear medicine department of the Hospital České Budějovice, PLC
DAŇOVÁ, Kristína
The aim of my thesis was to evaluate radiation consequences in patients, and to evaluate unusual occurrences stemming from radiation at the department of nuclear medicine in hospital Ceske Budejovice. In the theory part, I worked with professional literature, applicable laws and internal documentation provided by the department of nuclear medicine in hospital Ceske Budejovice Plc The thesis reacted to the need of the department of nuclear medicine (dept. NM) in hospital Ceske Budejovice to evaluate the optimisation of doses for the patients and set local diagnostic levels. Different organisations worldwide deal with the question of optimising radiation protection, and their recommendations and standards are used in the Czech Republic. For this purpose, it is necessary to know the real activity of radiopharmaceuticals applied in each examination and to conduct a forecast resulting in effective doses also based on CT scans. The thesis also evaluates the occurrence of special radiation events really experienced at the department of NM (nuclear medicine) in the hospital mentioned above, the reasons for these events happening and precautions preventing them from happening in future. The owner of the permission for this activity, meaning the use of the source of ionizing radiation, has the duty to keep all documentation and paperwork in accordance with the law regulating nuclear power, abide by the rules of good practices and the real state of allowed practice. The occurrence of unusual events is closely connected with the documentation - internal emergency plan and monitoring program. (Law 263/2016) Therefore, it was recommended to compare these to the actual state and to review them based on the facts found. The values of applied activities and effective doses found were compared to the values published in the last report from UNSCEAR in 2016 and national referential values published in the bill about radiation protection no 422/ 2016. All results were inputted into tables and graphs. It was found that the applied activities at the department of NM in hospital Ceske Budejovice are in agreement with the values presented in UNSCEAR report and that they are lower than the national referential levels, which shows that there is optimised state of radiation protection for patients. The occurrence of concrete unusual radiation events at the department of NM in hospital Ceske Budejovice and their analysis revealed certain shortcomings in the process and the absence of security elements needed while holding radioactive liquid waste in storage at the hospital. It was necessary to find and implement such precautions, which will prevent similar type of events in future. The thesis will be handed in to the person tending to the radiation protection for the use of evaluation and providing the protection at the department of NM at the hospital Ceske Budejovice and to enable the documentation to be completed for the allowed activity.
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Equipment used by the Army of the Czech Republic during radiation emergencies.
ANTOŠKIN, Sergej
This thesis deals with the possibility of support of the integrated rescue system with assigned Army detachments. The theoretical part summarizes the transformation of the Ministry of Defence which had a major impact on the extent of the assistance provided. All rescue battalions were canceled and three engineer battalions and two separate rescue companies were created. Two rescue battalions were transformed into light motorized battalions and forwarded to the subordination of the Fourth and Seventh Mechanized Brigade. Organizational components of the ACR allocate a number of specialized teams for support intervening IRS. These include teams for ground and aerial radiation survey and decontamination detachments of people and technology, as well as some others, such as rescue detachment, detachment of transport humanitarian aid, a subunit of the earthwork, a subunit of the blasting and demolition, and more. Conditions requiring deployment of detachment vary according to the type of the assistance requested. They are primarily intended deployment Permanent Standby Force as planned assistance on request. This is the detachments in the central alarm plan and in accordance with the Act on the IRS ACR is required to provide such assistance. In providing assistance in dealing with radiological emergencies, ACR is equipped with a large number of devices, equipment and technologies. These are mainly radiometers, personal and group dosimeters. In the decontamination means is a habitat for decontamination of people and habitat for decontamination techniques LINE-82nd. The purpose of this thesis was to analyze whether the equipment ACR is still up-to-date with the times and that will be sufficient in comparison with similar Fire Rescue equipment. In the event of a radiation emergency is important to minimize the harmful effects of ionizing radiation on the population and the affected people. The lower limit of measurement was elected as the main comparing of the parameters measuring devices. In the case of decontamination of the equipment, attention was focused on the capacity of decontaminated people and technology. Carried out research revealed that earmarked detachments are equipped with measuring devices of varying ages and abilities. Some devices have been created at the time of the risk of nuclear war. This corresponds to their durable construction and a relatively high threshold, which is insufficient for the conditions solving a radiation accident in peaceful state. In addition, some of these instruments provide information and the measured value in the old, disused units, which can cause transmission of misleading information. Other devices are, however, modern, ergonomic, highly sensitive at low dose rate values, providing real-time information on the clear LCD display. Unique capabilities of the ACR give the possibility of performing aerial radiation survey, which greatly helps to keep the overview and assessment of future developments spread of radioactivity in the environment. The equipment ACR is quite outdated in the area of decontamination technology. Again, it originated at the time of the risk of nuclear war. The priority was a simple construction and operation, the ability of decontamination of large numbers of affected persons and equipment. However, there was practically no environmental solutions, separate showers for men and women and water consumption. On the other hand, the number of decontamination equipment of ACR virtually doubles the capacity of the firefighters equipment, which in terms of large accidental release of radioactive substances and decontaminated large number of people and technology is a distinct advantage. Overall, the Army units are able to qualitatively and quantitatively support the affecting IRS components and thus contribute significantly to dealing with radiological emergencies of any kind.
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