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Inhabitants Protection in Case of Release of Dangerous Chemical Substances
BRODSKÁ, Veronika
In the consciousness of the inhabitans of the Czech Republic, first of all extraordinary natural events of catastrophic character as floods, fires and an important phenomenon today, windstorms, remain. However, in the last decades, as a result of the development of economy, we are surrounded more and more by chemical substances, becoming a part of our lives which can cause the occurrence of extraordinary situations, for example during the storage, transport or their usage. They can influence us first of all by the occurrence of possible accidents. For this reason, the goal of this thesis is to elaborate a comprehensive survey and a more detailed characteristic of the most frequently applied or through chemical terrorism misused dangerous chemical substances. The system of the protection of inhabitants in the Czech Republic, the tasks of citizens as well as bodies of the public administration, the way of protection financing, co-operation on the international level as well as of individual components of protection of inhabitants as e.g. warning and announcing, evacuation system, emergency survival, shelters, decontamination, individual as well as unpremediated protection are described here. The knowledge of the public in that issue as well as differences in knowledge between intentionally selected age categories were established by means of a questionnaire.
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An extraordinary event of dangerous substances leakage and informing public about the danger
BURŠÍKOVÁ, Jana
At he beginning of my thesis some basic notions are explained and there is a brief survey and conditions of the creation of legislation regulating the discussed problems, i.e. emergency laws, laws regarding dangerous substances handling and Nuclear Act above all. In the second part I analyze the readiness of state and community bodies for non-military critical situations (emergency legislation, documents of emergency planning) and for the solution of extraordinary events, I emphasize the task and activities of the integrated emergency system. In the following text I focus in detail on the legislation related to the way of securing and handling dangerous substances and radioactive substances. These are the following acts above all: Act on the Prevention of Serious Accidents (duties of operators handling dangerous substances, participation of public and its informing, state administration), Act on Chemical Substances and Chemical Agents (classification, testing and registration, marking and packaging of chemical substances and agents, transport of dangerous substances), Act on Waste and problems of nuclear energy and ionizing radiation are regulated by the Nuclear Act (nuclear safety and readiness for accidents, measures in the zone of emergency planning). This legislation is completed and detailed by some orders and regulations. The practical part is focused mainly on realizing the level of public knowledge and public awareness, mostly in the surroundings of institutions handling dangerous substances, about the risks connected with the operation of these institutions and about the suitable behaviour of inhabitants in case of an emergency connected with dangerous substances leakage. In the introduction of the practical part I state the characteristics of the survey as a whole, I define the basic file of respondents (from the point of view of identification marks), I describe methods used. In the next part I briefly state the examined regions from the point of view of the occurance of emergencies of dangerous substances leakage. I used the form of a questionnaire for handling this. The questionnaire was focused on questions about real knowledge (toxic effects of some substances, marking dangerous substances, emergency numbers knowledge, axioms of the behaviour of public in case of en emergency of dangerous substances leakage, nuclear problems). In an enclosure to the questionnaire I ask about the interest of the respondents in these problems and their preferences as for a suitable way to be informed about the risks connected with the operation of these institutions. The results of the survey are detailed in the chapter with this title. At the end of my thesis I state some recommended forms how to improve the know-how of public in emergency of dangerous substances leakage. The end of my thesis and the discussion focus on results summary and comparison of the results of my thesis with the results of other authors.
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