|
|
The Rufous Sengi is not Elephantulus Multilocus reconstruction of evolutionary history of sengis from the subfamily Macroscelidinae
KRÁSOVÁ, Jarmila
We conducted multilocus phylogeny and divergence dating of sengis also known as elephant shrews from the subfamily Macroscelidinae. For the first time, we provided genetic evidence that the East African Rufous Sengi (Elephantulus rufescens) is closely related to the recently delimited genus Galegeeska known from the Horn of Africa and comprising a single species G. revolii. Our findings are in concordance with morphological traits and also biogeographical patterns known from Eastern Africa. Based on the results of divergence dating, the genus Galegeeska originated in the Pleistocene era.
|
|
|
Diverzita a fylogenetické vztahy hlodavců v horských oblastech východní Afriky
KRÁSOVÁ, Jarmila
The Eastern Afromontane region of Africa is characterized by striking levels of endemism and species richness. Therefore, it was recognized as the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot (EAMBH) with numerous endemic plants and animals including mammals. Some parts of EAMBH (e.g. Ethiopian Highlands) are still under-represented in terms of biodiversity research in comparison with areas where sampling was relatively intensive in the last decades (e.g. Albertine Rift). This thesis describes genetic diversity, evolutionary history and taxonomy of several rodent species inhabiting mountain areas of Eastern Africa and Angola with a special focus on neglected areas such as Ethiopian and Angolan Highlands. Molecular-genetic analyses detected considerably higher diversity of small mammals than previously expected. Several candidates for new species were suggested and some of them also formally described based on phylogenetic and morphometric analyses. Molecular dating placed most of the diversifications into the eras of Pliocene and Pleistocene confirming the hypothesis that Plio-Pleistocene climate fluctuations together with topographically diverse landscape of Eastern Africa contributed to the high level of species diversity observed today.
|
|
|
Orthohantaviruses in the reservoir and atypical hosts in the Czech Republic: spillover infection and indication of virus-specific tissue tropism
KAMIŠ, Jan
Aim of this study was to reveal the presence of hantaviruses in natural reservoir rodent hosts in selected urban areas in the Czech Republic. Hantavirus rodent hosts were trapped, sampled and tested for hantavirus RNA in different tissues. Universal and specific primers for amplification of the large and medium fragments of hantavirus genomic RNA were used. Phylogenetic relationships were based on the obtained nucleotide sequences. Four different hantaviruses were detected, including two species pathogenic (or potentially pathogenic) for humans, further suggesting a threat for public health. Moreover, inter-family spillover infections and hantavirus species-associated tissue tropism were recorded in rodent hosts.
|
|
|
Phylogenetic analysis and molecular detection of coronaviruses
MARHOUNOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to get acquainted with the creation of phylogenetic trees, which describe the relationships between coronaviruses and compare and assess the suitability of used and designed primers for the detection of a new type of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. According to phylogenetic trees, it is possible to determine the evolutionary relationship of the studied organisms, which during evolution are subject to changes in their sequences, so-called mutations. These changes determine their development. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis was focused on general acquaintance with viruses and subsequently coronaviruses and a new type of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 has posed and continues to pose a major threat to the world. Furthermore, the issue of phylogenetics and finally the PCR detection method were discussed. In the practical part, phylogenetic trees were created using the computer program MEGA-X using the Neighbor-Joining method, which examined the phylogenetic relationships between coronaviruses focused mainly on SARS-CoV-2. The nearest coronaviruses of this new type of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus were further compared using special BLAST software, which reported the percent agreement of the studied sequences. During these analyzes, SARS-CoV-2 was found to be most like the bat coronavirus RaTG13. Primers that are commonly used to detect SARS-CoV-2 are not disclosed, therefore primers from the CoVrimer web application have been used, where primers that have been used for scientific research are available. These were compared with the primers designed by the author. The design was performed as part of a bachelor's thesis using a special application Pirmer-BLAST. The primers obtained from the CoVrimer application were not designed to comprehensively distinguish all SARS-CoV-2 variants studied.
|
|
|
Hlodavci jako rezervoár hantavirů
KAMIŠ, Jan
This study reveals the presence of hantaviruses in free-living rodents and insectivores in urban areas in the Czech Republic. A large number of hantavirus reservoir hosts were tested for hantavirus RNA in different tissues, using universal and specific primers for amplification of the large and medium fragments of hantavirus genomic RNA. Phylogenetic relationships of obtained nucleotide sequences of hantaviruses were reconstructed. Four different species of hantaviruses were detected, including two species pathogenic (or potentially pathogenic) for humans, suggesting a threat for public health. Additionally, inter-family spillover infections and hantavirus species-associated tissue tropism were recorded in rodent hosts.
|
|
|
Fylogeneze a taxonomie vybraných druhů sinic čeledi Merismopediaceae s využitím metody single cell sequencing
POKORNÝ, Jan
Thanks to new molecular methods, which have been used for revision of many traditional cyanobacterial taxa, their real systematic positions have become clearer. Merismopediaceae is a relatively understudied group of Cyanobacteria, therefore many subordinate taxa have not been sufficiently molecularly reviewed. In this thesis standard molecular methods of the polyphasic approach were used on environmental isolates as well as cultured strains of Merismopediaceae taxa. Subsequent phylogeny analysis based on 16S rRNA gene shows the polyplyly of genera Merismopedia and Eucapsis. The thesis also includes the very first molecular evidence of the taxonomic position of the genus Microcrocis.
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Vliv potravní preference všenek (Phthiraptera: Amblycera) na formování jejich mikrobiomů
ŽIŽKOVÁ, Kateřina
Microbiome diversity of chewing lice belongs to generaly unexplored topics. This thesis provides the first insight into the microbiomes of 15 chewing lice species of the genus Menacanthus. We detected the presence of two dominant symbiotic bacteria, which occurred in almost all species. We also compared the microbiome diversity of lice with different diet preferences (blood feeding and feather feeding species). Based on these analyses, we identified the main determinants shaping the microbiomes of Menacanthus lice. The microbiomes are namely affected by Menacanthus species identity, its geographical origin, dietary niche, and the extent of the host spectrum that the lice parasitize.
|
guest ::
