|
|
The evaluation of seed properties of Lathyrus pratensis and Vicia cracca and their employment in permanent grasslands.
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Eva
The theme of the thesis are climbing legumes meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis) and tufted vetch (Vicia cracca). The literature search defines watched kinds of legumes and their occurence in permanent grassland. There is summarized seed growing of legumes because of its problematic production. Legumes are valuable components of grassland especially thanks to fixation of nitrogen and high capacity of proteins. The practical part is focused on observation of floristic compilation of watched locations for three years. Particular locations were compared from the point of view of changes in land management and weather. Pods and seeds of observed kinds were collected and evaluated in single years. Experiments of seed's field germination were done after different period from picking and in case of various treatment.
|
|
|
The influence of different way of grassland exploitation on selected vegetation characteristics and soil properties
JINDRÁKOVÁ, Monika
This thesis was focused on evaluate the effect of various permanent grassland exploitation on the biological characteristics and soil properties. Permanent grasslands are composite and varied community of legumes, grasses and many other forbs, which are an important component of agroecosystem. This thesis was carried out in 2013 on experimental grass field trial on Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in the ČeskéBudějovice. The experimental variants was evaluated the effect of management by mowing, mulching, leaving fallow.Otherwise were also evaluated height stands,phenophases during harvesting, types of outgrowth, the amount of residual biomass and selected soil properties. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the effect of different exploitation of grassland herbage on its characteristics and selected soil properties and design of appropriate methods of grassland management. Method of grassland management should be chosen with respect to the exploitationmethodsof permanent grassland. It is very important to take into account the altitude climatic and soil conditions and the type of vegetation.Finally, it must be taken of the used machinery. It was recommended evaluated grassland mowed 2 or 3 times a year along with fertilization by NPK as a suitable form of management.
|
|
|
Influence of water regime on growth and quality of selected grass species
MACHURA, Antonín
The main factors affecting the yield and the quality of grassland are nutrient availability and water regime. In nature and of course in agriculture, water is the most important factor influencing plant growth and reproduction. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of water regime on germination of selected grass species. We have focused on the following grass species, suitable for use in energy: Dactylis glomerata L. Padánia cultivar, Phalaroides arundinacea L., Chrastava cultivar and Agropyron elongatum L. Under water stress condition, the highest germination rate of 69 % was observed in Agropyron elongatum L., followed by Dactylis glomerata L. (54, 6 %). The lowest germination rate of 28, 6 % was recorded in Phalaroides arundinacea L. This study also compares dry matter yields of selected species during spring harvest. Average yield was 3,3 t.ha-1 in the first year. This work is based on authors own measurement and on the information obtained from Czech hydrometeorological institute.
|
|
|
The influence of different way of grassland management on botanical composition and biomass production of grass stand
ŠOBROVÁ, Martina
This thesis summarizes the results obtained from a study of long-term field trials with permanent grassland, which based on Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in the České Budějovice between years 2010 - 2013. Permanent grasslands are managed in different ways (mowing, mulching, fallow) and the intensity of exploitation (harvested 1 - 3 times a year, fertilization). The work was focused on the evaluation of changes in growth composition, biomass production and dry matter content of hay variants. Also were evaluated biodiversityand grazing value of the crop stand. Before each harvest (mowing or mulching) was evaluated growth composition of experimental grasslands on an area of 20 m2. Plant species coverage of individual agro botanical groups was estimated by the reduced projective dominance (% D). Harvested biomass of grassland was considered and sample mown every variantof the experiment was dried (dry matter content). Species diversity was expressed as the number of species and species diversity was expressed in the form of Simpson's index. It was also calculated value describing the quality and productivity ofthe crop stand.
|
|
|
Biodiversity of model agroecosystems on the ecological farm in the foothills of Šumava Mts.
OUŘEDNÍK, David
The content of the thesis was research and study of the epigeal beetle communities at three different sites in the cadastral municipality Mačice near village Soběšice in Western Region. Habitats were managed under organic farming. Specifically there were three different sites, a field sown triticale, meadow and pasture. Method of pitfall traps was used for the collection of biological material. In total, there were intercepted and identified 640 individuals from 57 species and 14 families in the reporting period. In all of the habitats, species of beetles family (Carabidae) (23 species) were mostly represented, followed by family rove beetles (Staphylinidae) (11 species) and family carrion (Silphidae) (6 species). Most individuals were found at the field habitat with the numbers in total of 255 (30 species from 8 families), followed by habitat meadow with 198 individuals (36 species from 9 families) and the pasture habitat with 187 individuals (34 species from 10 families). The species spectrum of epigeal beetles was divided into groups according to the sensitivity to anthropogenic influences. Species that do not have special requirements on the quality and nature of the environment (group E) dominated in all habitats with 48 species. Total of nine species inhabiting habitats moderately affected by human activities (group R2) were found in all habitats, the least of them occurred in the field (1 species) , pasture (5 species) and at the meadow were found most (6 species). Index of anthropogenic impacts shows that these are very heavily modified habitats. When comparing individual sites, field habitat (ISD 1,67 %) was found to be the most affected. The least affected was the meadow habitat (ISD 8,34 %). As a result we can conclude that the hypothesis that organic farming has a positive impact on biodiversity was not confirmed.
|
|
|
Effect of different management practices on grassland
SEJPKOVÁ, Jana
The aim of this thesis is to assess the impact of farming on grassland and assess the frequency of use of grassland on yield and quality of forage biomass. A part of this thesis is also a recommendation of possible management changes of evaluated grasslands. Botanical inventory surveys were conducted on agricultural lands Bílovské zemědělské a.s., in the northern Plzeň region. There have been selected three sites, two meadows and one pasture vegetation. The comprehensive analysis of the stand composition was created by agrotechnology of meadows. An important part of this thesis is to assess the impact of different grassland management practices with regard to their economic, social and ecological importance.
|
|
|
The influence of pasture system and pasture exploitation on sward structure and soil properties
ŠTAFKOVÁ, Kateřina
The aim of the thesis is an influence of a grazing method and a frequency of grazing and the influence of grassland load on its composition and the soil enviroment. The basis is a literature rewiew which contains a brief outline of productive and nonproductive function of permanent grasslands, grazing systems, influence of individual livestock on grassland formation and ecological conditions influencing composition of a permanent grassland. The experimental part was performed at Carlsbad region near a village named Fojtov. The experiment includes botanical images of three different grazings, cattle, horse and sheep. At these grazings were made three observations, on the 27th of April 2012, on the 15th of June 2012 and on the 13th of September 2012. At the cattle grazing were made observations at three different growth types, at the sheep grazing were made at two different growth types considering a slope of grassland and on the horse grazing was made one observation. Obtained informations were used for calculation of species diversity indices (Simpsons and Hills) and for water regime of site. A part of the practical part was also to calculate overall grazing load for a grazing period and the grazing load for each grazing cycle.
|
|
|
The influence of grassland management on growth \kur{Plantago lanceolata} L. permanent grassland.
WORTNER, Pavel
This thesis deals with grasslands, distribution, husbandry, nutrition and treatment. Furthermore, the botanical composition of grasslands and the most important species of weeds, application of N fixation of legumes and plants. In another part of the description and application of dicotyledonous herbs and their economic importance. Furthermore, determination and maintenance of the water system at the sites, and nutrition and fertilization dicotyledonous herbs and vegetation preservation and storage of forage. A key goal of this work is the plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), its ecology and involvement in different vegetation types. A separate chapter is devoted to the description of the biology, pollination, phenology and agro ? technical cultivation of plantain. The last chapter describes the use of the drug substance and plantain in pharmacy. In the second part of the work to illustrate knowledge of the occurrence of Plantago lanceolata supplemented by results of our own observations (tables and graphs) showing the involvement of P. lanceolata in different types of grassland and two-year follow-up period.
|
|
|
The influence of way and intensity of grassland management on phytocenological dynamics and biodiversity of grasslands.
KONDRÁTOVÁ, Petra
The main objective of this thesis was to assess the influence of methods and intensity of use on phytosociological evolution and biodiversity of grasslands. This work includes grasslands in terms of their distribution, different ways of management and use. An important goal of this work was to evaluate the incidence of plant species in grassland lying in selected localities of the Czech Budejovice, Slavošovice and Radostice. The next section was set calculation and maintenance of the water and nutrient regime on the site fallow and statistical processing of data at the sites.Based on the findings were prepared tables and graphs that confirm and in some cases disconfirm occurrence of plant species with different modes of grassland management (mowing, grazing, fallow).
|
|
|
Biological characteristics and grow conditions for climbing legumes in permanent grasslands
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Eva
This bachelor´s work is focused on the climbing legumes. Literature review summarizes the importance and ecological requirements of species of meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis) and tufted vetch (Vicia cracca) and describes vegetation types with the occurrence of climbing legumes. Legumes are excellent forage, but they also contain some antinutritional substances and are often attacked by pests and diseases. Production of seed is difficult because of uneven ripening, dehiscent pods, seed dormancy and hard seeds. In the practical part were at selected localities conducted botanical images. These localities were compared with each other in terms of vegetation composition. On the localities were collected pods of monitored species. Seeds were after shelling used to determine seedling and germination.
|
guest ::
