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Ochrana rajčat ve skleníkových a polních podmínkách
Mokrá, Kristýna
The main aim of my bachelor thesis was to evaluate the infection of several varieties of edible tomato by pathogens in one locality, in a greenhouse, and under field conditions. The next step was to compare the obtained results with the results of the infection at the nearest observation point of ÚKZÚZ. The attention was paid to the cultivated varieties Zlatava, Blueberry, Start F1 and to the determined pathogens such as Alternaria spp., Fulvia fulva and Phytophthora infestans. The survey was conducted in 2020 in a private garden. Tomatoes were monitored during the growing season according to BBCH phases and parts infected by pathogens were evaluated according to the Methodology of utility value tests of ÚKZÚZ. The infected parts were cultured on a PDA in a laboratory, followed by the determination of pathogens using a laboratory microscope. The results of infection of individual pathogens on the selected variety in a specific environment were evaluated and expressed in a graphical representation.
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Alpha-gal - dvě strany jedné mince
ŠABATKOVÁ, Klára
Ticks are interesting ectoparasites for their ability to modulate the host's defense response. This ability of tick saliva is often exploited by pathogens to increase their transmission. Therefore many researchers focused on identification of molecules in tick saliva and their possible medical use. This thesis focuses on the high natural presence of anti-Gal antibodies in human serum and it's interaction with alpha-gal epitope that is expressed on the surface of some pathogens and mammalian cells. This epitope has been identified in tick saliva and some drugs as well.
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Cultivation, Monitoring and Application of Migroalgae Cultures.
RANGLOVÁ, Karolína
This thesis deals with microalgae mass cultures grown in laboratory as well as outdoor cultivation systems and a potential use of their biomass. Case studies illustrate the correlation of changes in growth rate with photosynthetic activity, physiological features and biomass composition under various conditions (high irradiance intensity, optimal/suboptimal temperature and the presence of some metalloids). The special attention was also paid to evaluation of the bioavailability of Se-enriched Chlorella biomass which is commonly used as a food supplement. As concerns methodology, photosynthesis monitoring techniques, namely chlorophyll fluorescence were employed as an important tool to estimate microalgae activity.
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Effect of pathogens on clonal plants
Koděra, Ondřej ; Koubek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Duchoslavová, Jana (referee)
1 Abstract: More than half of Central Europe's plant species are capable of propagating vegetatively via clonal growth, many of them identifiable as some of the most common species. Clonal ecology has been studied mainly due to its positive influence on plant fitness; Less attention, however, has been dedicated to the cost of clonal growth which is directly connected to the pathogen's inner plant invasion and transmission. The existence of clonal growth enables both partners in the plant-pathogen interaction to create new life strategies differing from those created by infected nonclonal plants. Pathogens that infect plants with a strong lateral spread were selected for higher aggressivity in evolution. In turn, their effect is negative on survival, the creation of new ramets and also on the whole growth and development of the host. If the development of the clonal growth organs becomes faster than the growth of fungal hyphae, the ramets can escape the infection passively. The influence on the host is not only negative as the infected plant can perform stimulated clonal growth or compete with healthy plants to a more successful extent. The aims of this thesis are: to search and summarize all the available information concerning this specific plant-pathogen interaction; to discuss the unanswered questions...
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Analyses of inverted repeats in human patogen genomes
Dobrovolná, Michaela ; Kouřilová, Xenie (referee) ; Brázda, Václav (advisor)
Helminth parasites are highly prevalent in humans in developing countries. According to WHO, approximately 2 billion people are infected worldwide. The etiological agents of parasitic infections are mainly Nematodes (roundworms) and Platyhelminths (flatworms), causing inflammatory responses, malnutrition, and anemia that are the primary cause of mortality. Drug resistance is accelerated by the overuse of human anthelmintics, as well as poor infection prevention and control. The therapeutic potential of small molecule ligands binding G-quadruplexes (G4s) has been demonstrated. For instance, that it can be used to stabilize the quadruplex structures and eliminate drug-resistant pathogens. G4s are secondary structures formed in guanine-rich nucleic acid sequences, which can regulate the process of gene expression, DNA damage repair, transcription, and translation of oncogenes. Here we used the G4Hunter Web Tool to identify and compare G-quadruplex sequences (PQS) in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of six Platyhelminth and four Nematode species to identify targets for G4 ligands to predict new drug targets and more effective drugs. We found that PQS are nonrandomly distributed in these genomes. Most of the G-quadruplexes are in the proximity of genes, suggesting their role in genetic regulation. Interestingly, less infective Platyhelminthes were found enriched with PQS, compared to highly infective species with a lower PQS frequency. In contrast, a Nematoda, Ascaris lumbricoides, was found to be highly enriched in stable PQS. This highly infective species can tolerate high-stability G4 structures, which are not counter-selected at all in contrast to Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Analyses of inverted repeats in human patogen genomes
Hanzlíková, Anna ; Nováčková, Ivana (referee) ; Brázda, Václav (advisor)
Pathogens are organisms that cause various host diseases. These include prions, viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and animals. This bachelor thesis is focused specifically on viruses causing human diseases such as severe respiratory syndromes, liver diseases or cervical cancer. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to characterize the presence and location of inverted repeats in the genomes of organism using the web application Palindrome analyzer. Four viruses were selected, two of them are from the group of DNA viruses and two from the group of RNA viruses. In view of the outbreak of a pandemic in early 2020 caused by virus SARSCoV-2, is included in this bachelor thesis. Thus, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were selected from RNA viruses and hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus were selected from the DNA viruses. The sequences of the viral genomes were obtained from the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology) database. Then, all four viruses were analyzed for the presence of inverse repeats, their location and size using the Palindrome analyzer, which is available online. The largest genome was SARS-CoV-2 of 29 903 bp, which also had the most inverse repeats.
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Inhibiční účinek přírodních látek rostlinného původu na technologicky významné mikroorganismy
Hloch, Marek
This diploma thesis is focused on microorganisms, which form microbiota of milk, including pathogenic microorganisms and possible natural substances which inhibit undesirable microbiota. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes microbiology of raw milk and contaminating microbiota. Furthermore, the work deals with the microbiology of heat-treated milk, where the methods of heat treatment are described and milk bacterial cultures, which are used in the production of dairy products. The last part describes the pathogenic microbiota of milk causing foodborne diseases and possible measures to combat undesirable microorganisms. In the practical part, the inhibitory effect of substances of plant origin on selected microorganisms were tested. In the first part of the experiment, the inhibitory effect of essential oils against five different microorganisms were studied and the second part was focused on the inhibitory effect of ethanol plant extracts against two microorganisms.
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Druhové spektrum patogenů růže (Rosa spp.) a jejich význam
Kulíšková, Andrea
In the year 2017 on the campus of BZA Mendel University of Brno was rated the presence of pathogens of species ´Eva´, ´Cathe Divignon´ and ´České práci čest´. The presence of mildew and rust was evident. Mildew on roses was rated on a four-point scale based on the percentage of mildew in the area of the top of the leaf and counted index of infection. Most vulnerable species was marked ´České práci čest´ with infection index of 42,5% while species ´Eva´ represented only 10% index of mildew infection and species ´Cathe Divignon´ counted 25% of mildew infection. Identification of the type of the mildew and rust was examined on the microscopic determination. According to the results of morphologic signs and the type of the sprouting of conids the mildew was classified as Podosphaera pannosa. The rust was identified as Phragmidium tuberculatum. Protective measures were taken based on the results of identification. The paper contains an overview of most significant fungus, bacteria and virus rose pathogens (Rosa spp.) and possibilities of their regulations.
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