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Indicators of ecosystem recovery after heavy disturbances
Hermová, Markéta ; Hardekopf, David (referee) ; Frouz, Jan (advisor)
Minerals mining have huge impacts on the coutrryside and fundamentally change its character. The restoration of the habitats can be done basically in two ways. The mine can be either abandoned and left to natural succession or recultivated. In order to decide how to proceed on actual site, we have to carefully consider all the surroundings and set the objective we want to reach. Naturally, we are not able to monitor all the characteristics present in given locality and their changes. Therefore it is highly convenient to use a set of indicators, which can cover majority of these characteristics and will sensitively respond to development of the whole ecosystem. I decided to use three types of indicators in this study. These are physiochemical environment, ecosystem production and diversity. Through these indicators I have analysed the restoration possibilities of degraded ecosystems in localities used for coal mining in former times. I have chosen coal because it is an important commodity in Czech Republic.
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Změny obsahu humusu a půdní reakce na vybraných lokalitách Moravského krasu
Boráková, Iveta
This thesis deals with the content of soil organic matter and soil reaction to selected locations in protected landscape area Moravian karst. 30 lokalities was compared (10 arable land, 10 permanent grassland, 10 forest). Samples were taken from surface mineral horizon in 2011 and 2013. In the theoretical part is discussed the issue of soil organic matter and soil reaction. There is characterized area Moravian Karst. The practical part includes processing methods, results, evaluation, statistical and graphical processing. Average content of humus increases in the order: arable land < permanent grassland < forest. The values in 2013 were lower than in 2011. Soil reaction was in 2011 for arable land, permanent grassland and forest vegetation very similar. Soil reaction was in 2013 similar only with arable land and grassland, the forests were lower. The values in 2013 were lower than in 2011 In 2013, the soil reaction is similar only with cropland and grassland, the forests were lower. Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA: one factor) was shown influence the type of vegetation on humus content. Influence the type of vegetation on soil reaction wasn't shown. A statistically significant difference was demonstrated between the measured values of cnotent humus and soil reaction in 2011 and 2013.
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Stanovení pH a obsahu humusu půd Rosicka
Mičková, Tereza
This thesis deals with actual (pH/H2O) and exchange (pH/KCl) soil reaction and the humus content in 30 locations of soil in Rosicko. Samples for a determination of a pH and humus were taken in autumn in 2013 as damaged from topsoil and subsoil. In this thesis are included basic informations about soil reaction and humus, how they are determinated and about methods of evaluation measured values. By measuring was found, that actual soil reaction on monitored area we judge like immature alkaline, exchange soil reaction like immature acid. Average content of humus in Rosicko's topsoils are soils medium humous, by average content of humus in subsoils are soils gently humous. Statistical evaluation showed, that effect of topsoil and subsoil in pH/H2O and content of humus is statistically significant. The effect of topsoil and subsoil in pH/KCl is statistically inconclusive.
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Dynamika vybraných chemických vlastností povrchových horizontů Velkomeziříčska
Musilová, Martina
This thesis is focused on the potencial (pH/KCl) and the actual (pH/H2O) soil reaction fluctuation and with humus content in 15 different areas in the region of Velkomeziříčsko. There were taken some samples to assess the pH and humus content for three times in the autumn during the years 2011, 2012 and 2013 as damaged from the surface mineral horizon. My work is also consisted with the basic information about the soil reaction, content of humus in the soil, it's determination and the methods of the measurement evaluating and rating. By measuring was found that the average content of humus of the interest area is around 3,7 %. These values correspond to strongly humic soils. The highest content of humus was recorded at forest sites. The average value of actual soil reaction is 6,7 for the field and meadow and 4,2 for the forest. The average value of potencial soil reaction is 5,5 for the field and meadow and 3,3 for the forest. According to the one-factor-analysis of variance there isn't any influence on the date but there is some influence on the location in the statistics of taking the samples to study the change of pH/H2O and pH/KCl. According to the one-factor-analysis of variance there isn't any influence on the date and on the location in the statistics of taking the samples to study the change of humus content.
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Acidification of Czech soils and its threat
DAŇHELOVÁ, Jitka
This work focuses on the dangers of acidification of the soil in our conditional environment, and the related events that have a negative reflection on the entire ecosystem, including the socio-economic consequences for the entire community as well. It describes the causes of soil acidification, its primary markers, and the negative impact on the soil environment, plants, and edaphon. Soil reaction plays an important role, and bears evidence of the quality of the soil in a given location. The dangers the soil acidification introduces do not only affect the field of agriculture, but is significant from an ecological perspective, where we can assess the influence of acidification on the environment. An increase in soil acidity leads to leaching of nutrients from the soil, increased mobilisation of toxic substances, a disruption of natural microbiological processes in the soil, it enhances the effect of other degradational processes, and the loss of the natural processes of the soil is often irreversible. The effect of calcium on the soil and its role in plants' ability to absorb nutrients is also examined. The work also deals with how to neutralise acidic soil, in which the application of calcium on agricultural soil plays the most important role. The effect of calcium changes the characteristics of the soil, such as soil fertility, soil reaction, availability of nutrients, biological activity, and others. Since the 1980s, there has been a significant decrease in the use of calcium products. This study evaluated the results of agrochemical testing of agricultural soils for the past twenty years, in which the results show a clear, continuing decreasing trend in pH development. The conclusion focuses on an assessment of the information, an evaluation of influences, and recommendations for corrective and preventative measures.
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The proportion of minerals in the soil of selected layers in the region of Stropnicko
KOTOUSOVÁ, Zdeňka
My work targets the change in content of the organic soil karbon and basic cations in relation to changes of area usage and agricultural management of the chosen special {--} interest places of Stropnicko. In the monitored period from 2001 till 2007, the soil organic mass markedly fell off. The greatest decline was in the forest ecosystem in all researched basins. Decline of organic soil karbon content was also found on permanent grass growth, but it was much less than in the forests. On the contrary mild improvement turns out on the arable land. Next pH value of soil leach was monitored. The greatest change was shown in the forests. The greatest increase of PH value was at the area of Pasecký potok. In other basins, expected Veverský potok, pH value increased too. On the contrary, there is decline of pH value on the permanent grass growth and arable land . There were not statistically great advancements between 2001 and 2007 in the soil mineral reserve, especially of the basic soil cations. The significant decline of sodium is the exception. I have suggested steps that lead to the steady way of farming in the agricultural foothills. I have recommended to increase supplied barnyard manure into arable land, the optimalization of cow units for pasture area and the gradation of the forest communities to deciduous, eventually mixed stands, according to the vegetation levels.
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