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Škodlivost polních plevelů ve vybrané plodině
Foldýnová, Pavla
Abstract This bachelors thesis deals with evaluation of heterogeneity and harmfulness of weed infestation in selected crops. Literary part is focused on classification, harmfulness, utility and also regulation of weeds. Second part focuses on direct evaluation of field test in year 2012 in winter wheat on land in Žabčice. By all found weed species, crop equivalents were determined for specifying of harmfulness and also mapping of theirs occurence on the land. Options of effective regulation of this weeds were suggested based on acquired results.
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Plevele ozimé pšenice a zpracování půdy
Hasa, Václav
The bachelor thesis is focused on the issue of winter wheat weeds and their relation to the soil processing. Three different soil treatment technologies and two precursors were studied in the experiment. The results were based on gradient length analysis, as determined by DCA segment analysis (Early Correspondence Analysis). The redundancy analysis (RDA) was also used and the data was processed using the Canoco 4.0 computer program. In traditional soil cultivation ware found the lowest values of weed appearence, with the exception of Veronica polita. The medium occurrence of weed species showed the use of minimize soil tillage. There were found species Capsella bursa-pastoris, Lamium amplexicaule, Stellaria media and Thlaspi arvense, but their incidence was significantly lower compared to non-tillage technology. The non-tillage technology showed, with exception of Veronica polita, the highest values of weeb species especially in case of Capsella bursa-pastoris.
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Analýza zaplevelení porostů polních plodin a meziplodin ve vybraném zemědělském podniku
Hasa, Václav
This thesis is focused on analysis of weed species in selected crops and covercrops in selected agricultural company. In field conditions were analysed species and numbers of weeds in winter wheat and cover crop formed by Sinapis alba and Phacelia tanacetifolia. Data were statistically processed on the basis of Lengths of Gradient analyzed with Detrended Correspondence Analysis. Following redundancy analysis (RDA) was performed in Canoco 5.0. Absolute values of weed species were in winter wheat. The most common weed species in winter wheat were Papaver rhoeas, the Thlaspi arvense, Descurainia sophia and Galium aparine. Capsella bursa-pastoris was the main weed in the cover crop. Similar frequency in winter wheat as well as in cover crop had Atriplex patula, Stellaria media or Tripleospermum inodorum. Reductive function had cover crop on Veronica persica and Viola arvensis.
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Vyhodnocení různých způsobů ošetření osiva obilnin
Štreitová, Kristýna
The bachelor thesis is focused on assessment of various cereal seed treatment methods of cereal seeds with the measurement of winter wheat and spring barley. The theoretical part deals with legislative rules for seed treatment. The reasons for the still prevailing seed dressing by chemical preparations are described, as well as alternative possibilities of using physical and biological methods. Also, the possibilities and conditions for the use of untreated (non-stained) seeds are given. The practical part evaluates the results of small-plot field trials with four winter wheat varieties and three spring barley varieties aimed at comparing three types of seed treatment - chemical treatment, low-energy electrons (e-dressing) and an untreated control. It has been found that chemical treatment can produce a slightly higher yield of both winter wheat and spring barley grain com-pared to e-dressing and untreated control. However, this slight increase in yield was not statistically significant over the three-year period. Financial expression of a slight increase in yield exceeded the cost of seed treatment in hundreds of Czech crowns. How-ever, due to the nature and results of the experiments carried out, these economic bene-fits need to be considered statistically inconclusive.
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Možnosti využití metody Mehlich III k posouzení obsahu přístupné síry v půdě
Ruška, David
The aim of this paper was to evaluate if accessible sulphur analyses in soil are relevant for Agrochemical Soil Testing (AZZP). This issue was assessed in the years 2014/2015. Samples to be taken in 2015 were selected according to results on sulphur analyses in Mehlich III extraction agent in 2014. It means that the first sampling was carried on in the autumn 2014 and second in the spring 2015. Plans were sampled together with soil in 2015. Seven regions were included in the sampling scheme (Brno, Planá (České Budějovice), Plzeň, Opava, Havlíčkův Brod, Liberec and Prague) and plots with winter wheat and winter rape were sampled. Majority (78 %) of soils samples measured on accessible sulphur content falls into the range 10,1 - 20,0 mg.kg-1. Average contents of accessible sulphur in soils in the autumn and spring were almost identical and there are no statistical differences amongst regions. Influence of fertilising on sulphur content in soils was not confirmed, however, sulphur fertilization positively influences the sulphur content both in rape and wheat plants. The content of accessible sulphur in soils in the spring positively correlates with sulphur content in rape. Based on current nutrient normative, 59 % of wheat plants are below the value when yield decrease may occur. In the case of rape it is more than 90 % of plants (samples). It does not seem to be suitable to include accessible sulphur measurement in soils into the AZZP system. The six-year cycle of AZZP is rather too long if soil sulphur mobility and dynamics is taken into account.
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Druhové složení plevelů vybraných polních plodin v provozních podmínkách
Vykydalová, Lucie
The aim of this work is to identifily the current coverage of fields by plants on a specific farm. The chosen farm was Uniagris a.s. Observation took place in growth areas of winter rate, winter wheat and corn wheat. Evalution was carried out counting methods. The results of the weed infestation evaluation were processed with the DCA analysis. The canonical corespondence analysis showed that, in the poppy were found : Cirsium arvense, Fallopia convolvulus, Papaver rhoeas, Tripleospermum inodorum, Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare, Brassica napus. In the winter rapeseed were: Capsella bursa-pastoris, Descurainia sophia, Euphorbia helioscopia, Fumaria officinalis, Galium aparine, Lamium purpureum, Myosotis arvensis, Papaver rhoeas, Thlaspi arvense, Veronica hederifolia, Viola arvensis. In spring barley were: Fallopia convolvulus, Galium aparine, Papaver rhoeas, Thlaspi arvense, Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare. In corn wheat were: Echinochloa crus-gali, Equisetum arvense, Fallopia convolvulus, Brassica napus, Viola arvensis. In winter wheat were: Agropyron repens, Brassica napus, Cirsium arvense, Echinochloa crus-gali, Equisetum arvense, Fallopia convolvulus, Galium aparine, Lamium puprureum, Tripleospermum inodorum,Veronica hederifolia, Viola arvensis. In sugar beet were: Cirsium arvense, Fallopia convolvulus, Triticum aestivum, Veronica hederifolia, Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare.
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Diverzita vegetace polních plevelů severovýchodního Znojemska
Stuchlíková, Irena
The aim of this work is to compare of weed vegetation in stands of winter wheat and potatoes in the north-east area of the Znojmo. In the first part of my thesis I deal with the history of agriculture in the Czech Republic and the overall characteristics of the territory where the land is situated. Further I work with weeds with probable occurrence in monitored plants and methods for their control whether direct or indirect. At the end of this section I characterize the crop in which I watched the weeds. In the second part of my thesis I describe the results of my observation research. The graph shows the different species that occurred on the parcels. I compare their occurence in different periods of time and compare two different crops. I analysed the data also using of ordination diagrams and show which weeds were found often together. I present the differences between plant species in wheat and potatoes, as well as in different periods of the year.
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Precision sowing and the establishment of grain crops
Brinar, Jan ; Pulkrábek, Josef (advisor) ; Koukolíček, Jan (referee)
The object of the study was to compare the classical method of planting (small-plot complete seeder) and precise seeding for a given distance (prototype seed sowing machine FARMET for sowing with fertilizer under the heel) for winter wheat. Chosen were various seeding rates for precision and classic sowing machine into the cereals. Tested were sowing rates from 1.0 to 4.5 MKS. The experiment was done in the period 2014,2015 at the research station CUA in Prague-Uhříněves. The chosen variety was forage winter wheat Penalty quality C from PROBIO of 2014. For the basis of the hypothesis was selected seed rate of 2.0 MKS in precision sowing against 3.5 MKS in a classical way of sowing. The goal was to determine whether the reduced seed rate during sowing precise manner provides the same yield as a recommended seed rate of a traditional methods of seeding. The forecrop was a spring barley. Soil was prepared using the minimize blade cultivator before sowing of the wheat. Some variants of the experiments were fertilized at planting to promote germination. These variants were fertilized with 150 kg N / ha freely to the soil before sowing or 150 kg N / ha under the heel when sowing fertilizer Nitrophoska perfect. Furthermore, all plots were fertilized with 140 kg N / ha in three divided doses in a LAD 27, without distinction. Dry summer in 2015 hadn´t a devastating effect on wheat and most variants of the experiment gave a very good yield. The assumption that there will be savings precision sowing seed while preserving the yield was confirmed. Additionally it was shown that precise sowing on average in all variants seeding rates, fertilized before sowing or not surpassed yields of classic seeder.
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Evaluation of grain yield components in selected winter wheat cultivars
ZELINKOVÁ, Monika
This thesis deals with the yield ability of chosen winter wheat varieties during growing season 2014/2015. Comparison of the two varieties (hybrid and linear). The experiment was established in standard and reduced seed rates and also in four replicates on the plot of Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. Were examined yield components: the amount of spikes per 1 m2, amount of grains per spike and weight of thousand grains. During the vegetation observed were the amount of plants per 1 m2, each growth phase, the number of stalks per 1 m2 and plant height. Furthermore, measured were amounts of units of chlorophyll in plants using device N-Tester and the SunScan device sunlight usable for photosynthesis of plants wherein the processed values of leaf area index (LAI). At the end, compared were the theoretical and real yield and evaluated were spike length, amount of spikelets in spike and density.
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