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Nutritional condition and food intake in seniors living at home
CHARVÁTOVÁ, Pavla
Bachelor thesis entitled "Nutrition status and intake of food in seniors living at home" deals with nutrition of seniors, food intake and their nutritional status. The theoretical part deals first with the basic concepts of aging, important components of food - the need of energy, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber, calcium and vitamin D as well as drinking and eating. Further, the theoretical work describes all changes of gastrointestinal tract from oral to thin and colon and any complications associated with them - malnutrition, obesity, osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The theoretical work also deals with evaluation of seniors' nutrition and especially with BMI, anamnesis, physical, anthropometric, laboratory and special examinations. The research question related to how the nutritional status of seniors living in a couple or seniors living single. A qualitative and quantitative method was used for processing the research part of the bachelor thesis. The research group created 5 seniors living at home aged 65 or higher. The seniors received a printed arc record at the beginning of the study in 14 days, each senior enrolling the type and amount of consumed diet, fluids, and also recording physical activity and time outdoors. For each senior, personal, family, medical history and basic height and weight data were initially identified. All consumed foods and beverages were entered into the "Nutriservis Professional" program, which calculated the intake of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, sodium, iron and vitamin D, then the averages of all results for each nutrient were calculated. These merits were compared with the merits for seniors. The ideal weight was determined using BMI for seniors. For each senior, bioimpedance (a special investigation method) was performed using Tanita bioimpedance scales at Nature House facilities in different cities. Using this special examination method, the ratio of fat, water and non-fat mass in the body of each senior was determined. In this facility, each senior was reconsidered. According to Harris Benedict's formula, the recommended amount of energy, proteins, fats and carbohydrates was calculated. Thereafter, these values were compared to the actual values of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate taken from seniors' diet during the reference period. The data was processed into tables and plain text with short comments. Of all the results I have received, it can be seen that the nutrition in the elderly monitored does not reach the recommended values. Some seniors have failed to fulfill their daily nutritional needs. He buys and cooks food they taste for them. It does not look for sufficient intake of the necessary nutrients. They are not interested in healthy nutrition.
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Eating habits and behaviors of Czech adolescents in relation to their body weight
Paterová, Zuzana ; Hlavatá, Karolína (advisor) ; Vašíčková, Jitka (referee)
The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has reached pandemic proportions nowadays. Obese individuals are at risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, musculoskeletal diseases, etc. Children increasingly live a sedentary lifestyle and consume high-energy food with poor combination of nutrients. In the Czech Republic, however, there exist no comprehensive structure for the fight against child obesity and a lack of meaningful data on the prevalence of obesity in adolescent population. This work is drawn up under the project COPAT. The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of basic nutrients and their relationship to weight, dietary recommendations for adolescents, the assessment of nutritional status, etiology of obesity and obesity-related complications. The main emphasis is placed on the practical part, which focuses on results of the research, which provides information about dietary habits and behaviour of 100 adolescents in relation to their body weight. Key words: obesity, nutrition, nutritional status, adolescents, health risks
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