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Specifics of nursing care for patients at risk for fall
ČERVENKOVÁ, Marcela
Patients´ falls not only in home environment but just when they are hospitalized are not pleasant for the hospital medical team, and are much more uncomfortable for the patients themselves. Falls are unintended situations into which the patient gets unintentionally and involuntarily, resulting in a reduced quality of life. In summary, complications arising from falls have an adverse bio-psycho-social impact. As the patients´ falls are considered undesirable events and their frequency is being monitored by many health care facilities, falls belong to indicators of the nursing care quality. Informed health professionals, providing active nursing care, take targeted preventive measures aiming to prevent patients´ falls. The aim of this thesis is to determine the specifics of nursing care for patients at risk for fall and to find out the patients´ at risk of fall views on implemented prevention measures, since the feedback from patients is an important factor for evaluation of this care. This research work is composed by using qualitative research methods. Two research groups were involved in the survey. The first research group consisted of eight nurses working in a standard hospital ward, and a second group consisted of seven patients hospitalized in these wards. The resulting data were processed into summary and categorized tables. The outcomes of the research have confirmed that the patients at risk for fall need a specific nursing care and this care is received positively by those patients. The results of this thesis will be provided to the management of České Budějovice hospital, where the research investigation was carried out, and this can help improve the quality of care provided to hospitalized patients who are at risk for fall.
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SPECIFIC NURSING CARE FOR CHILDREN WITH UPPER RESPIRATORY
PICKOVÁ, Lenka
The first part of the Thesis on the topic Specifics of Nursing Care of Children with Upper Respiratory Disorders is aimed at upper respiratory tract anatomy and physiology, inflammatory diseases of upper respiratory tract and nursing care. The second part is a research one. Two research goals and two questions were set for the research. The aim of the work was to find out the specifics of nursing care of children with acute laryngitis and the most frequently occurring nursing diagnoses in children with acute laryngitis. The research questions were formulated as follows: 1 ? What nursing care specifics are required for children with acute laryngitis? 2 ? What are the most frequent nursing diagnoses in children with acute laryngitis? Qualitative research methods of interview, observation and documentation content analysis were applied on data collection. The first research sample consisted of nurses working at the paediatric department of the Strakonice Hospital. The second research sample consisted of children suffering from acute laryngitis hospitalized at the paediatric ward of the same hospital. An answer to the first question was formed upon evaluation of the results of interviews with nurses and upon observation: Nursing care of children suffering from acute laryngitis has its specifics based on ensuring upper respiratory tract clearance by dosing inhalation and medicaments according to practitioner?s order, ensuring child?s elevated position of and supply of fresh air to the room where the child lies. An answer to the second question was based on evaluation of nursing documentation analysis and on observation: The most frequent diagnoses in children with acute laryngitis are particularly Ineffective clearance of respiratory tract, Aspiration risk, Sleep disorder. The research results will be made available to nurses of the ward where the research took place as they may contribute to nursing care improvement. The practical output of the thesis involves two nursing diagnoses elaborated by the nursing process method.
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Family - a partner in nursing care
ROHREROVÁ, Veronika
Abstract A family is a unique and irreplaceable institution. Illness makes a person temporarily socially unfit and affects not only the sick member but the whole family. The clients in this difficult situation usually look for help and support in their immediate family members and their reactions and advice are of great importance to the clients´ decision-making and behaviour. Experience has shown that the role of family in care for sick members cannot be replaced by any institution. On the contrary, if the client and the family become active participants in the medical and nursing process the positive stabilization of health condition is much faster and more efficient. Quantitative research through a structured interview based on a scenario prepared in advance was selected for the thesis. The objective of the thesis entitled ``Family {--} partner in the nursing process{\crqq} was to determine the function of families in the nursing process in clients hospitalized in a medical facility and to find out if the family is motivated by nurses to participate in the nursing process. The last objective was to find out the reasons for families for not being involved in the nursing process. Three research questions were formulated. The first research question is to determine the function of a family in the nursing process. The second research question is supposed to find out what are the differences in the role of a family in the nursing process in clients of individual age categories. The third research question is to determine whether the family is involved in the nursing process. This topic was chosen because cooperation of nurses and other medical workers with the client´s family is of great importance and is often irreplaceable. Nowadays, cooperation and communication with the client´s family is often neglected for time or personnel reasons. This is a pity, because if the family is correctly involved in the nursing process its involvement has a positive effect on the patient´s treatment and it represents a great emotional support in this difficult life situation. The research results show that family members are not encouraged by the nurses to participate in the nursing process. The family members do not participate in the nursing process mainly because of lack of time. But if it is necessary they are willing to engage in any activity that the client´s condition would require. The main difference I find in the roles of family in the nursing process in clients of individual age categories is in the need of support and assistance. Clients of pre-school and school age and retired clients need and receive support and assistance in day-to-day activities from their families. Whereas clients of productive age are not ready to accept support and assistance from their families, they prefer to provide it. The research results show that it is necessary to involve family members more in the nursing care for their immediate family member and to actively seek their cooperation.
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Nursing care of a patient after general anesthesia.
SOJKOVÁ, Kateřina
The Bachelor Thesis provides a lot of information on the general anaesthesia, presents different aspects of the nursing care including the most frequent diagnoses, mentions the most common complications which patients after the general anaesthesia suffer from, and the extent of knowledge the nurses have on complications which occur during the recovery after the general anaesthesia. It is mainly the basic knowledge of nurses concerning the complications after GA which helps to make proper nursing diagnosis, set the aims and decide on interventions in the process of nursing care for the patient after GA. Results of the research work are useful for making the nursing care standard concerning the patient after GA. This standard can serve as a brief and well-arranged manual in the process of nursing and can provide the patient with comfort and security which are necessary aspects of the quality nursing care after the general anaesthesia.
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Analysis and inovation selected nursing documentation used in the workplace intenzive medicine
KŘÍŽOVÁ, Radmila
The thesis topic: ?Analysis and Innovations of Selected Nursing Documentation Used in Intensive Care? was chosen deliberately for its topicality. Documentation is an important and integral part of treatment of patients. It is very important that nursing documentation suit nurses who work with it. Data should be clear and their recording easy and convenient for nurses. Duly managed nursing documentation should be beneficial for physicians as well. For the research, the anaesthetic resuscitation department in Jihlava was chosen. The thesis contained six defined objectives that have been met and resulting 6 research questions. Qualitative research was carried out in 3 stages. One research group consisted of nurses at the anaesthetic resuscitation department in Jihlava, the other research group consisted of doctors at the anaesthetic resuscitation department in Jihlava. In the first stage, an analysis of nursing documentation used at the anaesthetic resuscitation department in Jihlava was carried out and, subsequently, interviews with the nurses and doctors from this department were conducted. In the second phase, innovations of nursing documentation were made and the documentation was put into practice. The final stage of the thesis consisted of interviews with the same questions for the doctors and nurses at the anaesthetic resuscitation department in Jihlava, in which opinions of the nurses and doctors on the innovated documentation and its application in practice were surveyed. The objective was to analyze the existing nursing documentation, to innovate it on the basis of the interview results, to implement it, and then to find out whether it could be used in practice. Based on the interviews conducted, we found out that nurses do not like the nursing diagnoses and also record sheets, which are common for doctors and nurses, used their department. Based on these results, innovation of the nursing diagnoses was made and, at the same time, the department made an innovation of the recording sheet, and medical and nursing documentation was separated. After the documentation was introduced into practice, we interviewed the nurses and doctors again to find out whether the innovated documentation was better and whether it could be improved more. We found out that the documentation was better, more suitable for the respondents. The innovated documentation can be used in practice and is currently so at the anaesthetic resuscitation department in Jihlava.
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Problematics of nursing care about women with extrauterine pregnancy
ŽÁKOVÁ, Markéta
Problematics of nursing care about women with extrauterine pregnancy This work is concerned with the problems of nursing care for women with extrauterine (ectopic) pregnancy. The section on theory provides a brief summary of female sex organ anatomy and physiology, ectopic pregnancies, their types, symptoms, diagnostics, and therapy. The subsequent section deals with the psychology of women. The following chapter deals with patient needs, and communication, while the last section is about the process of providing nursing care to women with ectopic pregnancy. The objective of this contribution was to define the priorities in biopsychosocial needs of women with ectopic pregnancy. Four research questions have been specified. These research questions were used to find the priorities of women who experienced ectopic pregnancy in terms of their biopsychosocial needs, and how these needs were met as part of the nursing care provided to them. An answer was also sought to the question whether the nursing care plan answers the priorities in biopsychosocial needs of the clients and what nursing problem (a nursing diagnosis) is most common in these women. The work employed quality research, in the form of non-standardized interviews with the patients. An analysis of the written documents was then carried out. These documents included both medical and nursing documentation. The information collected in the interviews and analysis of written documents was subsequently analysed in the form of case histories. An analysis of nursing documentation was carried out, and its results were compared with the priorities in the biopsychosocial needs of the clients. The research sample consisted of five women in reproductive age admitted to the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetric with the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. All interviews with the patients were held before their discharge to home care. It was found that patients with ectopic pregnancy regard the satisfaction of their needs in the area of psychology as their priority. Another finding was that these needs were satisfied only marginally and insufficiently as part of the nursing care. The nursing care plan does not correspond to the priorities in biopsychosocial needs of the clients and the most common nursing diagnosis that should be made is anticipator grieving. The present work may serve as a guide for midwifes whom it should enable to provide nursing care that results in full satisfaction of the needs regarded by women with ectopic pregnancy as their priority.
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Nursing in children with diarrhoeal diseases
HEČKOVÁ, Šárka
This thesis deals with the problems of nursing in children with diarrhoeal diseases. Diarrhoea ranks the second most common disease in children and is often the reason for hospitalization because of its serious complications. Apart from the basis disease, admission to hospital represents a huge psychical stress for both a child and a family. Handling the situation depends also on the nursing personnel in a large extent. In the theoretical part you can find the division and specification of the most common causes, symptoms and basic treatment of diarrhoea. The theory is followed by the most common nursing problems developed during the nursing of children with diarrhoreal diseases. They include dehydration, pain, disrupted dermatic integrity, hyperthermia, loss of appetite, fear and anxiety. The possible causes of the occurence of nursing problems and their following solution are practically explained there. In the empirical part we dealt with the question if the presence of company leads to the hospitalization time shortening. For this purpose ten nursing records were noted. In five records the attention is paid to children hospitalized with the company of parents and further, five records of children hospitalized without the company of a close person are taken. After the analysis of the nursing records the following hypothesis resulted. Hypothesis 1: Permanent care to the limit of two nurses positively influences the adaptation of a child. Hypothesis 2: Presence of a company in a handicapped child leads to the hospitalization time shortening. Hypothesis 3: Nurses can influence the experience of children for their lifetime by their nursing. The nursing also includes the assesment and solution of nursing diagnoses. From the analysis of nursing documentation of hospitalized children (to the age of ten), the most common nursing diagnoses occuring in children with diarrhoeal diseases resulted. The presupposed hypothesis that the most often stated nursing diagnosis is the shotage of body fluids was proved. This result includes the fact that the need of fluids in babies and toddlers is considerably higher than in children and adults. Finally, it is possible to say that the results of the thesis advert to nursing problems which are solved during the care of children with diarrhoeal diseases. They can also help nurses realize the mistakes they make during the nursing of children with diarrhoeal diseases and improve the quality of nursing these children.
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