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Mineral and vitamin deficiencies in the elderly and their supplementatin
Nesnidalova, Andrea ; Vágnerová, Tereza (advisor) ; Bárta, Michal (referee)
Seniors often buy inappropriate combinations of dietary supplements based on advertising or peer recommendations, but often to a lesser extent on the recommendation of a professional. It is important for seniors to pay attention to the quality and variety of their diet in order to maintain good health. The bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part, the first chapter describes the individual vitamins and minerals. The next chapters deal not only with their deficiency and need in the elderly population but also with their correct consumption with regard to further pharmacotherapy. In particular, a chapter dealing with the reasons leading to insufficient food intake in the elderly is described. For the practical part, three main objectives have been set. The research was conducted by questionnaire survey to which a total of 67 respondents aged 65-90 years answered. The first objective was to find out what dietary habits seniors have in their home environment and what vitamins and minerals they are deficient in. A sub-objective of this question was to determine whether current supplementation is justified in this population given the results of the questionnaire survey. The second objective builds on dietary diversity and explores the principles of good...
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Minerální metabolismus kamelidů
Menšíková, Petra
The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to provide an overview of the zoological classification of camelids, their physiological and anatomical specificities – with a focus on the specifics of mineral metabolism. The basic mineral substances, their importance and recommended proportion in the diet of camelids and health disorders caused by their excess or deficiency are described in the paper. Furthermore, the sources and requirements of these minerals, the possibilities of their supplementation and the evaluation of their reserves in the organism are described. In the practical part, the evaluation of the supply of mineral substances to the organism of alpacas bred in the conditions of the Czech Republic based on blood tests is elaborated and the values are compared with the recommendations in the literature. Based on the biochemical analyses of the examined animals, no major deficiencies were found, the situation has improved as compared to previously published results and the animals are sufficiently supplied with minerals.
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Vliv vybraných minerálních prvků ve vztahu ke krevnímu obrazu u skotu.
DRESLER, Sylva
The aim of the current doctoral thesis is to evaluate the influence of the composition of a total mixed ration supplemented with dietary, organically bound zinc on health status and related hematological and biochemical parameters and mineral levels in blood in cows and their calves. The experimental part is divided in two subareas. The first experiment is monitoring the effect of supplementation of the organic form of zinc on lactation performance of cows and effect of TMR composition on the blood parameters of the hematological, metabolic, and mineral profile of cows and their calves. The second experiment is focused on an effect of the addition of organic zinc on blood parameters, health, and immunological status of weaned calves - metabolic profile, concentration of vitamins A and E, trace elements Cu and Zn, and total immunoglobulin levels in blood serum.
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Minerální látky ve výživě masného skotu charolais
BÍCOVÁ, Pavla
The thesis deals with the significance of minerals in nutrition of charolais beef cattle. We classify minerals as additives, and they are very important in the nutrition of cattle. They are divided into macronutrients and micronutrients. Their deficit can have negative consequences for fetal development, juvenile growth but also for adults. Nowadays, pastures and forages do not provide enough minerals. It is necessary to supplement them with suitable feed ration and control their amounts in the body. The first part of the thesis focuses on the characteristics of beef cattle. The charolais breed belongs to the most efficient beef cattle but also one of the breeds which are demanding on nutrition. In the second of the thesis, the morphology of the digestive system and its function is described. In the last part, the individual minerals and their application to feed rations of individual categories of cattle are characterized. It is important to deal with the mineral nutrition from the last third of pregnancy, when the nutrition affects the unborn calf the most and has influence on the state of minerals even after its birth. The most common way to supplement minerals at farms is by mineral licks or mineral premixes. The most suitable is to supplement organic minerals, which are more absorbable for the organism than the inorganic ones.
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Fázová výživa dojeného skotu
SEZIMOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor's thesis deals with the phase nutrition of dairy cattle and its effects on the health and reproductive abilities of dairy cows. The literary section not only breaks down the nutrient needs in the various stages of dairy cow sustenance, but also the distribution of feed, feeding technology, feed ration composition, additives and important agents influencing the yield and reproduction of dairy cows. Furthermore, the practice recommendation focuses on the transit period and the need for mineral substances to maintain vitality before calving and even after calving. At the same time, it was stated how welfare, more specifically the stress of moving groups during the transit period, was able to reduce feed intake. When feed intake falls and the stress of moving dairy cows occurs, there are frequent reproductive and metabolic diseases such as mastitis, metritis, sleaze dislocation and more.
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Správný poměr minerálních látek a vitamínů v krmné dávce při tréninkové zátěži parkurového koně
MIŠKOVÁ, Alžběta
A nutrition of sport horses is a complex science that is increasingly being developed and researched due to the growing popularity of equestrian sport. The necessary amount of substances for the proper functioning of the animal's metabolism is usually provided by the intake of hay and fresh grass. If we plan to participace in sports with the horse, it is important to formulate a proper feeding ration so that not only are the necessary nutrients not lacking, but also that they are not in excess. In this respect, we are looking at vitamins and minerals in particular. A large number of factors play a significant role in the need for these substances, including age, weight of the animal, condition, intensity of exercise and others. In the first part of the thesis there is a brief introduction to the digestive system of horses and their specific characteristics, such as the oblique angle at which the esophagus connects to the stomach, which prevents vomiting. The second part is dedicated to minerals, their requirements for the adult horse and the sources that can be used to obtain them in the horse's diet. A section related to vitamins is also devoted to this subject. In the final part, a short recommendation for practice is made with an example of a daily ration for a showjumping horse in the competition season.
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Influence of minerals on health status and reproduction of cattle without marketable milk production
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Markéta
Minerals in beef cattle nutrition are very important for the health of cows, their conception and also for their calves and colostrum, which is very important to them. The aim of the work was to evaluate the health status and reproductive indicators in terms of the content of minerals in the blood of BTPM cows. The literature review describes the digestive system of cattle, characterizes beef cattle and especially meat simental, in which the experiment took place. I also describe the nutrition of cattle, blood composition and hematological parameters of blood. A total of 3 samples were taken every 3 weeks. In each sample, 12 blood samples were taken from cows aged 20-30 months with a live weight of 600-750 kg. Overall, most values were within the usual ranges. By maintaining the same feed ration and adding a mineral lysis with increased selenium content, the cows could get better and some mineral values would improve.
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Vitamins and minerals in milk and dairy products
ZÁMEČNÍKOVÁ, Marie
The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to summarise the importance and proportion of vitamins and minerals in milk and dairy products and to compare the extent to which they contribute to the coverage of the recommended dietary allowances in human nutrition. Part of the thesis was a questionnaire survey, which was attended by 100 respondents (68 women and 32 men) within the period from February to March 2020. In the questionnaire survey, it was found that 18 respondents drink milk daily, while 50 people confirmed the daily consumption of any dairy product. Participants had an almost balanced knowledge of vitamins and minerals. The classification of individual vitamins according to solubility was correctly determined on average by 74 % of respondents and on average 80 % of respondents correctly classified the mentioned minerals as toxic or beneficial. Vitamins, resp. minerals contained in milk were chosen correctly 48, resp. 44 respondents. One liter of milk contains 7.3 g of minerals, this amount was correctly chosen by 44 people. Sixteen respondents correctly determined potassium, the most represented mineral of milk. The results show that there is some shortcoming in the awareness of vitamins and minerals in milk, and therefore consumer awareness of these bioactive substances should be further improved through various information actions.
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Význam vitaminů a minerálních látek ve výživě býků plemene masný simentál
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Markéta
My bachelor thesis deals with the significance of vitamins and minerals, which belong to the food additives. Additives are very important for the proper functioning of the organism. A lack of these substances in the nutrition worsens the overall health and causes metabolic disorders. It is necessary to maintain sufficient additives and the right proportion of minerals in nutrition. In the first part I describe the morphology of the digestive systém of cattle and the function of its individual parts. In the second part I characterize beef cattle and their fattening. In the last part I deal with the nutrition of beef cattle, the division of vitamins into fat soluble and water soluble. I describe individual minerals, which are divided into macroelements, microelements and trace elements. In conclusion, I present my opinion on the importance of additives in the nutrition of beef cattle.
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The use of Natural Materials in Primary School Education
BARTOŠOVÁ, Martina
The theme of this diploma thesis is Natural materials in the subject of Craft at primary school (at the first level of the elementary village school). The aims and tasks of the diploma thesis are defined in the introduction. The theoretical part is devoted to concepts, goals and output competences in technical and environmental education at the first level. It deals with the description of well-known and lesser-known nature materials and the characteristics of various natural techniques when working with natural materials. The description of the elementary school in the village of Malonty is the integral part of the theoretical text. In the practical part, ten didactic themes for working with natural materials are proposed. Some of them were realized in practice and their effectiveness was verified through questionnaires for children.
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