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Development of permanent grassland after sowing arable land
CÁBOVÁ, Lenka
Three unnamed locations were monitored in the eastern part of the Šumavské and Novohradské Foothills in the Southern Bohemia, the district of Český Krumlov. An arable land was grassed with permanent clover-grass mixture consisting of seven grass species and one clover species. The aim of my bachelor thesis was to evaluate the development of grasslands after sowing of the arable land. It was very interesting to see how the vegetation is getting involved with and gradually being enriched with other species. The average coverage rate of the herb layer, the average number of species in the herb layer and the average forage value were monitored. At the time of the phytosociological monitoring, the vegetation at the site was six years old at the location 1, or three years old at the locations 2 and 3. The phytosociological mapping was performed to capture the spring, summer and autumn aspect. By evaluating the results, it was found out that the oldest site 1 has the lowest coverage rate of grasses and a too high coverage rate of clovers and herbs. This site also shows the lowest average number of species and foraging value compared to other locations. All three sites have shown an enormous spreading of the dandelion in the vegetation. The coverage rate of the sown grass species decreased in almost all localities, except for the meadow fescue at the location 2 and the smooth meadow-grass on the location 1. The coverage rate of the sown red clover has increased only at the location 1. The total disappearance of Italian rye-grass from the vegetation was recorded at all three sites. The monitored sites are still very young, so we can expect a further stabilization and vegetation succession in approximately 10 years. It is evident from the obtained results that the species composition of the sites is influenced both by the manner of management (mowing), by the age of the vegetation, by its establishment and also by succession.
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The influence of different way of grassland exploitation on selected vegetation characteristics and soil properties
JINDRÁKOVÁ, Monika
This thesis was focused on evaluate the effect of various permanent grassland exploitation on the biological characteristics and soil properties. Permanent grasslands are composite and varied community of legumes, grasses and many other forbs, which are an important component of agroecosystem. This thesis was carried out in 2013 on experimental grass field trial on Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in the ČeskéBudějovice. The experimental variants was evaluated the effect of management by mowing, mulching, leaving fallow.Otherwise were also evaluated height stands,phenophases during harvesting, types of outgrowth, the amount of residual biomass and selected soil properties. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the effect of different exploitation of grassland herbage on its characteristics and selected soil properties and design of appropriate methods of grassland management. Method of grassland management should be chosen with respect to the exploitationmethodsof permanent grassland. It is very important to take into account the altitude climatic and soil conditions and the type of vegetation.Finally, it must be taken of the used machinery. It was recommended evaluated grassland mowed 2 or 3 times a year along with fertilization by NPK as a suitable form of management.
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The analysis of pastures in selected farm and recommendation of suitable grazing system and intensity
TICHÁ, Pavlína
This thesis at first discusses the importance of permanent grasslands, establishing and revival of pastures, further dividing agrobotanical groups, homogeneity of pastures and the treatment and fertilization of grasslands. The second part focuses on the breeding of cattle, commercial properties and targets in breeding herds. It deals with the Aberdeen angus beef, that is kept at monitored sites. In addition, the organization and the division of pastures. The third part contains observational monitoring of grassland. The effects of different grazing systems on pasture vegetation were observed at the selected pastures areas. Forage crop characteristics were measured and the suitable grazing system was designed and system of usage and treatment of pasture vegetation was designed. The observation was greatly complicated because of the excessive rainfall (floods) in the first third of the grazing season.
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Effect of management on three moss species of fen meadows (Breidleria pratensis, Sphagnum warnstorfii, Tomentypnum nitens)
VELEHRADSKÁ, Tereza
Effects of different types of management (control, mown, mown + disturbed (gaps) + litter removed) on three moss species of fen meadows were studied. Experimental plots were established at sixteen sites in the Bohemian Forest, in the foothills of the Bohemian Forest and in Českomoravská vrchovina. Relevés and micromaps of bryophytes in the plots 0.5 × 0.5m were sampled at the beginning of the experiment during the summer season of 2010 and then after 3 seasons (during the summer season of 2012) of performing management. The age of the abandoned meadows was also determined and values of pH, conductivity and height of water level of each plot were measured. Positive influences of both types of management on the cover of Tomentypnum nitens and of management with creating gaps and remowing of litter on the cover of Breidleria pratensis were significant. Effect of management on the Sphagnum warnstorfii was significant only when processes of remaining on already occupied places and the expansion to new places were tested separately. Enviromental values did not significantly influence the change of cover of any species between 2010 and 2012. In conclusion, it is clear that diverse management with reasonable use of these practices (mowing, creation of gaps, litter removal) is desirable for maintaining of vital and diverse bryophyte layer.
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Effect of different management on the production and structure of biomass in the Mlýnský potok catchment (Lipensko).
TRUHLÁŘ, Martin
The aim of the thesis is to compare the production and structure of biomass (the proportion of grasses, clovers and other plants) in selected scythed and pastured permanent grass areas in the Mlýnský potok (Mill stream) basin. The monitored area is situated on the right bank of Lipno dam in Pasečná land register, 784-820 meters above sea-level. There were established three permanent sampling points in the pastured as well as scythed area in Mlýnský potok basin. Four samples of biomass from the area of 1 sq m were collected in each of these sampling points. In 2012 the samplings were collected on 20th June and 11th September. The collected biomass was then divided into agrobotanical groups (grasses, clovers and other plants) and afterwards it was dried and weighed. In the concerned area, the production from the pastured growth was considerably higher than from the scythed one. Structure of biomass, i.e. the proportion of grasses, clovers and plants, was in both areas comparable, only clovers in the scythed area had greater rates dispersion.
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The influence of way and intensity of grazing on sward composition, homogenity and productivity of permanent grassland
TICHÁ, Pavlína
Abstract: This thesis deals with the first part fytocenologickými and production characteristicsof grasslands. Importance and influence of different ways and intensities of grazingon the formation of stand composition and homogeneity of pasture vegetation. It alsodeals with the productivity of pastures and nedopasků in different ways and intensity of grazing. There are different compared to literature data. The second part deals with the materials and methodology of his own observation,when the farm was chosen areas of permanent grassland with different ecological conditions, with different management practices were evaluated and their vegetationcomposition, productivity, biodiversity and grazing value.
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Influence of different process of farming on permanent meadow
SEJPKOVÁ, Jana
Researched topic is to asses the influence of different proces of farming on permanent grassland (livestock grazing vegetation, mowing, various agronomic measures). The goal is to realize and make a proposal that farming on permanent grassland is more profitable, what is the best quality forage biomass and what effect it may have on foragestand composition. The use of grassland farming activities is necessary because grasslands are one of the major components of feed base for livestocks as well as participate in some non-productive functions of agriculture. If there is no farming on grassland, there would be a succession and consequently climax forest condition. It is also important to respect the potential of natural habitat, conserving agroecosystem biodiversity and minimize the negative impact of civilization on the environment.
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Strategies in aboveground space occupancy in herbs from disturbed habitats
BARTUŠKOVÁ, Alena
Disturbance is an important phenomenon affecting plant lives and shaping plant strategies in disturbed habitats. A variety of ecological concepts on individual plant response to injury has been proposed for specific natural ecosystems or growth forms. In central Europe, man-made habitats are often cases of disturbed places, so the aim of the thesis was to apply four chosen concepts on them. The thesis is composed of four original studies performed in two model ecosystems: recurrently disturbed ruderal place and regularly mown central European meadow. The occupying of the aboveground space after a disturbance event was studied here either as renovation of biomass or architecture. Regenerative strategies in herbs occupying disturbed habitats were described and confronted with concepts proposed originally for ecosystems subjected to natural disturbance regimes.
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Vliv hospodářských zásahů na změnu v biologické rozmanitosti ve zvláště chráněných územích: Vliv různých managementových zásahů na vegetaci vřesovišť v Národním parku Podyjí II.
Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Ústav půdoznalství a mikrobiologie, Brno ; Masarykova univerzita v Brně, Přírodovědecká fakulta, katedra botaniky, Brno ; Botanický ústav AV ČR, Průhonice, pracoviště Brno ; Záhora, Jaroslav ; Chytrý, Milan ; Tůma, Ivan ; Holub, Petr ; Sedláková, Iva
V roce 1992 byly založeny pokusy, které měly ověřit, zda vypalování, kosení a odstraňování drnů jako tradiční typy managementu západoevropských vřesovišť povedou k obnově a zmlazení vřesovišť v NPR Podyjí. Dále bylo v roce 2000 založeno 30 nových ploch na studium vlivu pastvy a kosení. Od roku 2000 je také sledována dynamika mikrobiálních transformací dusíků v půdě, rychlost rozkladu opadu a efektivita využití N a P rostlinami. V roce 2001 byly na vřesoviště naistalovány srážkoměry.
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