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Operation of emergency medical service in selected regions of the Czech Republic following a mass disaster
CHALOUPEK, Milan
The current system and working status of medical rescue service related to mass accidents has undergone changes in recent years, including gradual development, progress, modification and improvement. Together with that development, the conditions and opportunities needed for provision of timely and high-quality urgent pre-hospital care have transformed and improved automatically. The provision of professional pre-hospital urgent care for conditions endangering human life has been becoming the basic contents of activity of the rescue service. The care can be provided through operation centres that should receive and evaluate distress calls on line 155 and through field rescue vehicles pulling out of a network of trip points all over the country. The unification of the procedures and organization when settling mass accidents constitutes an indispensable measure leading to improvement of such interventions. The adequate procedure may lead to life rescue and to mitigation of the consequences of injuries for a number of persons equal to the number of the whole year of standard activity of the medical rescue service. Of course, the opposite may apply too. Therefore each physician or rescue worker should know the basic rules of behaviour at the point of the accident. The goal of the submitted dissertation is to map the general suggestions for the work of the medical rescue service of the Czech Republic, to analyze three medical rescue services related to mass accidents - that of the South Bohemian Region, the South Moravian Region and the Vysočina Region - and to compare weak and strong points of the medical rescue service of the Czech Republic based on the analysis of the three organizations in connection to mass accidents - of the Medical rescue service of the South Bohemian Region, the South Moravian Region and the Vysočina Region. Based on the SWOT analysis of selected medical rescue services, it was possible to identify their strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Each of the analyzed medical rescue services can see the opportunities of their respective organizations in other points. The medical rescue service of the South Bohemian Region sees its opportunities in the improvement of the education and training centre; the medical rescue service of the South Moravian Region sees its opportunities in the development of solution of mass accidents and the medical rescue service of the Vysočina Region sees its opportunities in finishing the urgent admission and first aid for schools; but all the analyzed medical rescue services see their threats in the expected lack of funds, caused by funding of new ambulances or new trip points or by increasing wages in the public sector. The lack of physicians in permanent employment is not only a matter of the above stated rescue services. The problem has countrywide character at present. The importance of the lack of physicians is not proportionally dependent only on cases of mass accidents. At present, it can be stated in general that there are multiple causes of lack of interest for internal work in rescue service. Low attractiveness of work in ambulance crews of rescue services becomes one of the main causes. Also the working conditions are usually incomparable. The crew of the rescue service must perform actions of pre-hospital urgent care in field under all and any circumstances. Another difference, as compared to the work of a physician in the hospital, consists in the need of right and quick decision-making without the opportunity to consult a specialist and without support of laboratory examinations. So the rescue service physician must constantly master different situations, from childbirth to post-mortem examination.
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Cooperation of components of integrated emergency system in catastrophes and multiple disasters
VYHNÁLEK, Jakub
The topic of my bachelor thesis is the Co-operation of the components of integrated emergency system in catastrophes and multiple disasters. The target of the thesis is mapping the knowledge of the type activity of components of the integrated emergency system during the common intervention in the extraordinary event with a high number of the injured and victims with accent on the work of the Medical Rescue Service. The partial target is to find out the knowledge of the communication in the Tetrapol digital system. The thesis is split into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to the Integrated Emergency System, its components and tasks. It defines the concepts used in connection with the multiple disasters and moreover it mentions the documents necessary for the liquidation of an extraordinary event. It also describes the communication in the digital Tetrapol system. In the practical part, the method of the quantitative research in the form of the anonymous questionnaire was selected. The respondents were employees of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region. Based on the determined goals, two hypotheses were postulated. The first hypothesis reads: ?Members of the Medical Rescue Service are able to communicate in the Tetrapol digital system?. The second hypothesis reads: ?The junior employees (up to 5 years of practice) have a better knowledge of the type activity of the components of the integrated emergency system during the common intervention in case of an extraordinary event with a high number of injured and victims for the Medical Rescue Service than the senior employees. The investigation refuted both hypotheses and it has shown the deficiencies in the theoretical preparedness for the liquidation of the extraordinary event in the tested sample. In the framework of improving the awareness and knowledge of liquidation of an extraordinary event, it is suitable to devote more time to the given issue already during the studies of medical rescuers as well as subsequently in the employment for example in the form of internal seminars.
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Model Activities of the Integrated Rescue System Forces in Joint Actions from the Point of View of the Emergency Medical Service
KRÁL, Václav
A set of documents, called the Index of Model Activities of the Integrated Rescue System Forces was compiled to improve coordination of these forces. The Index describes organizational procedures of the IRS forces during ten cases of emergency. However, are members of basic IRS forces familiar with these documents? Are the IRS workers aware of procedures and needs of the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) staff? The objective of this thesis is to survey views and findings of the IRS workers regarding the above mentioned issues, evaluate possibilities to improve knowledge of these issues.
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Logistic indemnity of medical interference within the area of multiple victim accidents
KŘIVÁNKOVÁ, Petra
The theme of my diploma is the Logistic indemnity of medical interference within the area of multiple victim accidents. The world was struck by natural disasters during its long history. As well as the strengthening of natural disasters, the appearance of the disasters caused by human activity has been increasing in recent times, and at present and their after-affects are more destructive. This diploma is taken as a overall cross {--} sectional study of the topic of logistic indemnity of medical interference within the area of multiple victim accidents. After a brief approach of the history of prehospital care the diploma is focused on legislative regulation of this theme including processing of emergency plans and traumatological plans, financing of crisis set-ups, special training, procedure of salvage and liquidation operations of the units of integrated rescue systems and logistic indemnity of medical interference in the form of material and technical special equipment including human sources and psychological support. This diploma also includes some special problems of this topic (e.g. processing of traumatological plans, financing of crisis set-ups, labels of multiple victim accidents).
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Managing Multiple Car Accidents at D3 Motorway
SEDLÁČEK, Marek
The current development of transport involves lots of pros, but also lots of cons includ-ing real risks. On one hand, there is a need to transport many people at reduced time and costs and on the other hand there is a risk of incidents. New and modern motorways and I. class roads plus using most updated means of transportation allow us transport more people more quickly, in even more convenient and safe way. Car accidents interventions are considered as routine procedures of the integrated rescue system in domestically as well as worldwide and their coordination is not a big deal for emergency teams. However, complications may occur when performing the intervention on the road with more lanes and with a center dividing strip as well as when there is a higher number of injured or a greater area of intervention, such as in the case of a chain accident. Sections of the integrated rescue systems are trained to handle such extraordinary events and follow new methodology, which is step by step put into practice. Within the process of its application, a major role plays the synergy trainings of the integrated rescue sys-tem, which require the approach to the actual conditions simulation. This thesis was produced to serve the needs of the intervention commander and pro-vides a comprehensive view on the issue of managing interventions where a higher number of casualties and injured occurs and related rescue systems on motorways and I. class roads. The thesis also brings information on new trends in training rescue teams for this type of events. It focuses on South Bohemia, D3 motorway is under construc-tion and on its first part Mezno {--} Tabor, which was opened in December 2007.
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Options of managing the stress situations during mass accidents
ŠEVČÍK, Radek
All of us face stress every day. The manner we are able to handle stress affects our behaviour, health and success in completing the tasks brought to us by our lives. The level of stress is immense in the mass accidents and the demands to handle such stress high. Therefore, it is beneficial to have certain awareness about the impact of stress; to know how stress affects us, what it make provoke in us and to know, as well, how to manage it efficiently. This kind of stress awareness should be very high mainly in the case of people who intervene at the very place of an accident tragedy. My bachelor thesis was prepared in the quantitative manner using questionnaires. The research sample was formed by selected employees of the accident flying squads of Salvage and Rescue Service (``SRS{\crqq}) of the South-Bohemian and South-Moravian regions. The main aim of my thesis was to determine whether there is a targeted preparation of the SRS employees for stress situations. I have set two hypotheses in respect of the research. Hypothesis No. 1, ``Employees of accident flying squads of the SRS practicing for more than 5 years are more informed on the stress issues during mass accidents{\crqq}, was confirmed. Hypothesis No. 2, ``Employees of accident flying squads of the SRS were trained specifically for stress situations during the mass accidents{\crqq}, was not confirmed. In my research, I found that 61.5% of the employees questioned did not pass any specific training for stress resistance. My bachelor thesis should serve as an impulse for the creation of a specific training for the employees of accident flying squads of the SRS and also as a potential ground to enhance the training in the given field within the study program of ``Health Rescuer{\crqq}.
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