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Physiotherapy for patiens with sedentary jobs suffering recurrent pain in the cervical spine
HAVLÍČEK, Diana
This Bachelor thesis is about the issue of repeated pain in the cervical spin at patient with sedentary occupation. The aim of my work was to delineate the possibilities of various methods of physiotherapy and kinesiotherapy in the form of a complex therapeutic plan and to devise a set of exercises serving not only for therapy but also prevention of functional defects in the area of the cervical spine. I choose mostly from methodologies I met during my studies and convinced of their abilities. Inn the theoretical part there is a great attention focused to anatomy, function of cervical spine and functional disorders in this area. certain degree of importance has also been focused in describing the ergonomics of seduction and correct body shifting during sitting in the working process. Conclusion of the theoretical part creates selected physiotherapeutic procedures for the treatment of pain in the cervical spine at patients with sedentary occupations. The practical part was created thanks to the method of high quality, which was elaborated in the form of causes of three women from the age 45 to 50 years. They worked in a job requiring sitting at a minimum of eight hours a day, five days a week. These women had an input kinesiology analysis supplemented with a photographic documentation. On its basis was made a comprehensive therapeutics plan with individual therapies which was taking place once a week for two months. At the same time, they received a set of exercises, which were selected with regard to the possibilities of their everyday implementation at the office during their working hours. At the end of the research there was done an output examination. It was completed with photos and the subjective assessment of the condition and feelings of respondents. This bachelor thesis can be helpful not only for physiotherapists in the clinical practice dealing with problems of repeated cervical spine pains in patients with sedentary occupation, but also for the general people who can be in the state of endangerment of the origin of this prolact or by its permeability.
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Determining the most common functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system of female volleyball players category of cadets VK ČEZ České Budějovice\\
SCHWACHOVÁ, Nikola
The aim of my bachelor thesis was to find out the most common functional disorders of motion system on cadet volleyball players of VK ČEZ České Budějovice. We did examination of posture, development of spine, hypermobility, we tested the most commonly shortened groups of muscles and muscles with tendency to grow weaker on purpose to find out the muscle imbalance and examinate the motion stereotypes. We processed the acquired facts into chart and evaluated them. Based on the evaluation of the acquired facts the most common functional disorders of motion system were bad posture on frontal level, inadequate development of cervical and lumbar spine, distinctive hypermobility in metacarpophalangeal and radioulnar joints, shortenings of hip flexors and paravertebral muscles, weakenings of deep back muscles, glute muscles and deep flexors of head and neck and incorrect stereotypes in extension of the hip joint, performing push-ups and flexing the nape.
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Possibilities of physiotherapy in patients with hypermobility
BÜRGEROVÁ, Gabriela
This bachelor´s thesis deals with the issue of joint hypermobility. Hypermobility does not constitute a disease in the true sense, but a certain level of ligament quality. It is manifested by increased range of movements in joints over the physiological limit. Above all, it should be noted that especially the ligament fulfills the strengthening and fixing function of the musculoskeletal system. In cases of hypermobility there is increased laxity of ligaments and looseness of joint capsules, moreover, it is associated with low muscle tone. As a consequence of the insufficiency of ligament, hypermobility is accompanied with joint instability, which leads to the development of functional disorders. Therefore, physiotherapy constitutes a crucial role in the compensation of the hypermobility signs in order to avoid that functional disorders grow into structural ones. The aim of this work was mainly to explain the problems of hypermobility and to propose an appropriate physiotherapeutical treatment of hypermobile individuals. In the theoretical part of this work, I define the musculoskeletal system focused on the description of ligament and joints. It is followed by the explanation of functional disorders and their relationship with structural diseases. Then, I continue with a characteristics of hypermobility and the associated joint hypermobility syndrome, which I subsequently elaborate with the description of epidemiology, etiopathogenesis and clinical signs. Later on, I present the classification of hypermobility and diagnostic tests with a broader description of the most commonly used ones in the Czech Republic and abroad. In the final part, I come to the differential diagnosis and the characteristics of the treatment of hypermobile individuals. In the practical part of my thesis, I did a qualitative research. The subjects of my research were two adult men with confirmed hypermobility. I took the anamnesis of the two probands and performed an initital check-up including the examination of hypermobility according to Janda and also using goniometry. Based on the examination, I proposed a therapy under my leadership for the period of 2-3 months with 60 minutes sessions once a week. Probands were recommended to do exercise for about 15-20 minutes every day. For one of the probands we planned a total of 10 sessions. After the completion of the therapy, we conducted an output assessment and made a conclusion that the overall physical condition had improved, but due to the length of the therapy we failed to influence the hypermobility itself because it was impossible to influence the quality of the ligament in such a short time. Compensation of hypermobility is a question of a very long-term exercise. Unfortunately, we had to finish the therapy of the second proband before our seventh session because of sudden health complications. That was the reason why we did not reach any positive results. However, this case would also require a long period of time to compensate the hypermobility.
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Physiotherapy of scar in prevention and treatment of functional disorders
HRDÝ, Tomáš
The topic of the thesis is "Scar physiotherapy in the prevention and treatment of functional disorders." A scar is an inferior connective tissue resulting by the healing process, in various depths of soft tissues of various etiologies. A scar can never reach the original rheological properties of the given tissue, it is a regeneration product, replacing the original damaged tissue. A scar is physiologically healed into a thin, pale hair line, which does not affect local shunt and protraction abilities of soft tissues moving in accordance with the osteoarticular apparatus. If the healing process does not happen physiologically, a pathological scar is created, that scar can often become active, having a negative impact not only on its immediate vicinity, but also reflexively on the whole postural-locomotor system of the individual. The thesis is a comprehensive view on the scar as another "organ ", the activity of which can manifest itself in postural and movement patterns of the person. In the study the connection of a scar and its neurophysiological chaining are discussed, where an active scar may cause local changes in the muscle tone, skin sensitivity, it can lead to dysfunctions of internal organs and a limited mobility of the locomotive segment with the afferent link to the central level of motor control. Overlooking a scar as a possible provoking segment of a pathogenetic chain can lead to the failure of therapy and the relapse of symptoms. The method of this study was qualitative research based on a deliberate (purpose) data collection. The data were obtained by the method of observation, interview, document analysis and kinesiologic examination. The research group consisted of 4 probands, in which an activity of a scar at different levels of soft tissues linked to postural-locomotor system was found by examination. On the basis of continuous and a final examinations of the probands, the research questions were answered. The results show that appropriately selected techniques of physiotherapy had a positive effect on the health condition of a given patient. Using continuous and meaningful therapy including manual medicine techniques, physical therapy, balneology and pharmacology, the activity of the scar tissue with all its consequences was mitigated or completely stopped. The outcomes of the study can be used by physiotherapists as well as other members of the medical staff, and may also serve to physicians in differential-diagnostic considerations.
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Results of one-sided endurance of a kinetic apparatus in volleyball players and possibilities of a therapy
CHALUPOVÁ, Andrea
The one-sided load of volleyball players leads to occurence of pathokinesiologic changes of the locomotive system. The objective of the bachelor thesis is to ascertain whether volleyball players suffer from locomotive system disorders due to the one-sided overload and whether it is possible to make up a uniform compensatory set of exercises as a therapy. The objective of the theoretical part is to ascertain what functional disorders of the body system occur in connection with the one-sided load of volleyball players, what muscular dysbalances accompany the disorders and what physiotherapeutic procedures can influence them. The objective of the practical part is to use the obtained theoretical findings as the basis for making-up a set of compensatory exercises as a proposed therapy applied within the scope of case reports. The practical part involved a qualitative research using the techniques of interviews and observation, and included two case reports of randomly selected professional volleyball players. Examination of the probands has confirmed the one-sided load of the locomotive system manifested in insufficiency of the deep stabilization system and functional disorders in the area of the shoulder joint. Focused on activation of the deep stabilization system and including shoulder-blade stabilization features, two individual therapeutic plans were made up and undertaken by both the probands in accordance with the charakter of the specific movement activity of volleyball players. The final examination has shown objective improvement of the function of the posture stabilization system of one of the men. Activation of the deep stabilization system with stabilization of the shoulder joint within the specific movement activities of volleyball players appears to be a suitable basis of the compensatory exercises preventing the one-sided load of the locomotive system. The therapy requires an individual approach. For further research in this area I propose measurement of the muscular actvity by means of electromyography and focusing on co-activation of stabilizers of the shoulder joint within the specific movement activity of volleyball players.
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Neurotic Disorders of Early-school Age Children
ZÍKOVÁ, Lucie
The thesis deals with neurotic disorders problems, which can, due to different causes, affect children in the early-school age. The theoretical part defines the basic concepts and their characteristics (neurotical disorder, history of the concept, early-school age, neurotical symptoms of children, disorders such as: sleep, somatic, food-intake, excretion, adaptation and anxiety, obsessional-compulsive, communication and speaking, sadness and depression, suicidal tendencies and behaviour). Further on it describes a number of internal and external factors, which can participate in the originating of child{\crq}s neurotic disorders. The end of this part is dedicated to the treatment by means of psychotherapy, psychopharmacotherapy, eventualy by means of relaxation. These therapeutical procedures end with preventive aspects and advices how to communicate with neurotic children. The practical part contains four briefly case reports of neurotic children, which lead to the understanding of the problem described on concrete example. Simultaneously it refers to the fact, that in many cases the disorders are a result of dysfunctional family environment.
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