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Changes in gliadin content in four varieties of wheat at different temperatures and drought stress.
Cigánková, Michaela ; Kovalčík, Adriána (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with an influence of increasing temperature and water shortage on the content of gliadin proteins in four varieties of wheat: Bohemia, Pannonia, Tobak and RGT Reform. Samples were cultivated at 26, 29, 32, 35, 39 and 41 ° C. Due to the lack of culture samples at 41 ° C, these samples were not used for our experiment. Cultivation took place during flowering with sufficient moisture (with soil moisture higher than 70%) or under drought stress (with humidity below 30%). The A-PAGE method was used to separate gliadin fractions. Quantification was performed by computer densitometry. Significant influence of water availability on gluten protein content was found. The lack of moisture in the stress environment caused a relative increase in gliadin fractions compared to conventional conditions, especially in the Pannonia and RGT Reform varieties. The Pannonia and RGT Reform varieties responded most to the temperature, while Bohemia. The Tobak variety responded to the temperature in interaction with water scarcity. Due to the rising temperature, virtually all gliadin fractions in the Pannonia and RGT Reform varieties increased. The effect of drought often manifests itself in interaction with the influence of temperature. The most dramatic effect was the drought in interaction with temperature in the Tobak variety, where the gliadin content increased. In general, the temperature and drought were most affected by -gliadin fractions of all four varieties of wheat.
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Changes in the content of gliadin protein fractions in two genotypes of winter wheat with different lengths of vegetation time depending on nitrogen fertilization with drought interaction.
Francová, Marie ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
In this diploma thesis the influence of the nitrogen fertilization and drought on the change in the content of gliadin protein fractions in two genotypes of winter wheat Avenue and Tobac was studied. These two genotypes differ in vegetation time length. Half of the plants were fertilized using nitrogen fertilizer at 200 kg N/ha. One third of the plants were cultured under the conditions of early drought (in bloom season), other one third was grown under the conditions of of late drought (grain filling season), and last third was grown under the conditions of natural irrigation. Individual gliadin fractions were separated by using A-PAGE method and their content quantified by computer densitometry. Our results have shown increase in gliadin fractions content after nitrogen fertilization. Early drought itself caused significant increase in the levels of -gliadin fractions in Tobac genotype. Early and late drought in combination with nitrogen fertilization increased levels of gliadin fractions in Tobac genotype. Early drought in combination with nitrogen fertilization had no effect on Avenue genotype, except of -gliadin fractions which decreased significantly. Late drought in combination with nitrogen fertilization caused significant increase in gliadin content in Avenue genotype. The highest increase in gliadin content was observed in fraction -5 of the Tobac variety during interaction nitrogen fertilization with late drought.
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Impact of temperature and drought on gliadins and glutenins contents in four varieties of wheat
Tomasz, Teresa ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with an influence of high temperature and water shortage on the protein content of gliadin and glutenin fractions in four varieties of winter wheat: Bohemia, Tobak, Pannonia and var. Syria with designation S46 (IG142780). The crop was grown at 26, 29, 32, 35, 38 and 41 °C during anthesis under control irrigation treatment (with soil moisture higher than 70 %) or under drought stress (with soil moisture lower than 30 %). To separate gliadins, the A-PAGE method was used, and glutenins were separated by SDS-PAGE method. Proteins were quantified by computer densitometry. Significant influence of genotype on the gluten proteins was found. Variety Pannonia has high content of -, 5-gliadins, LMW and HMW glutenins, but low content of other gliadin fractions. It was the opposite in the other varieties. Due to temperature, as well as drought, there was an increase in the content of all gluten fractions, especially of HMW glutenins, 1,2-gliadins and total gliadins. The largest increase in the gluten fractions due to drought was observed in Syria variety. In other varieties simultaneous exposure to drought and heat caused decrease in gliadin content, but increase in glutenin content. Drought at high temperatures reduced gliadin-to-glutenin ratio, mostly in Bohemia variety. This ratio has increased due to the temperature, especially in Tobak variety. For Syria variety, no effect of stress conditions was found on gliadin-to-glutenin ratio.
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Water analysis and combating drought in the Rokytná river basin
Říha, Tomáš ; Vrba, Jan (referee) ; Veselý, Jaroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on water management analysis of the Rokytná River and finding suitable precautions usable by municipalities when dealing with drought and lack of water in their administrative district. The short research at the beginning of the thesis summarizes problematic of drought and lack of water in the Czech Republic, including the current state and overall context. Next part focuses on the assessment of current state of the Rokytná River basin, based on performed reconnaissance of the basin and processed analysis of a part of the basin delimited from km 0,0 to km 16,7 of the river, between towns of Ivančice and Moravský Krumlov. This analysis concentrates on finding factors, which can contribute to extent of drought impact in this area. It also contains a suspended load study of the waterway, which writes up granularity characteristics and calculation of the amount of transported material from a suspended load sample, taken from the bed of the Rokytná River. The overview of suitable proceedings and precautions follows, based on findings in previous parts of the diploma thesis. The conclusion of this thesis consists of very suggestion of suitable steps and precautions related to particular localities in the Rokytná River basin. Target is to enhance the retention ability of the region and to minimize the impact of both drought and floods. The result of these actions should be the empowerment of environmental sustainability in this particular area. Conclusions of this thesis can be used by municipalities and other administrative bodies when creating an approach of combating drought and when deciding about the implementation of relevant precautions.
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Optimalizace využívání krajiny na farmě rodiny Šťastných ve Svatoslavi
Hudec, Vít
People have been working the land since time immemorial, and it is no different in the area of interest. The family farm specialises in rearing cattle for meat on its land. Forests, pastures, watercourses, woodlands, all this can be found on their farm. It is located in the Vysočina region northwest of Třebíč. In recent years the land has undergone significant changes, the woody vegetation is dying, and the pastures are suffering from drought. The area characterisation of the area of interest has shown that the soils and weathered subsoil on the slopes have a high infiltration rate, while the valleys with low infiltration capacity have been drained in the last century. There have also been changes in climatic conditions, with a 1,1 °C increase in average annual temperature over the last 10 years, a 25 mm decrease in annual rainfall and a change in rainfall distribution. Based on a synthesis of all the information about the area, the paper proposes a set of measures to help the landscape respond flexibly to climate change. The result is an inventory of catalogue sheets relating to each element in the landscape, which will guide farm owners in their management.
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Monitoring zdravotního stavu jedle bělokoré (Abies alba Mill.) na vybraných plochách LS Náměšť nad Oslavou
Nováček, Martin
The diploma thesis pursues an assessment of the health condition of white fir (Abies alba) in selected areas of the Náměšť nad Oslavou forest administration. All 888 of the white fir trees (Abies alba) on the two research grounds, in the 7th age class, were incorporated into health classification, the symptoms of damage to the tree species were evaluated and the presence of wood fungi, insect pests and other negative factors affecting the studied trees was determined. From the symptoms found, it was assessed that among the abiotic damage, drought and wind had the greatest effect on the health of the trees. Among the biotic damages, white mistletoe (Viscum album), wood-decaying fungi and insect pests had a significant negative effect.
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Ekonomické zhodnocení dopadu abiotických stresových faktorů na výnosnost u Slunečnice roční
Zaikova, Viktoriia
This bachelor thesis is devoted to the influence of stress abiotic factors – drought, high temperatures and soil salinization on the annual yield of sunflower. The goal was to assess their impact on the prices of agricultural producers of this oilseed crop. The literature review of the work determines which factors are abiotic. In addition, several literature materials were studied, where studies on sunflower production were conducted. It was found out what importance sunflower has in agriculture and how it is used. The chosen task was solved with the help of statistical processing of data for the period 2015-2019 on the yield, production and acreage of sunflower in Europe and the Czech Republic. Based on the data, it was found that due to drought and high temperatures, sunflower yields may decrease by 15-30 %. Despite all this, sunflower is one of the most reliable plants and is the most cost-effective - it’s profitability reaches about 60 %.
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Hodnocení změny využití krajiny v lokalitě Brno-Kohoutovice ve vztahu k infiltraci srážkové vody, změně klimatu a její vnímání místními obyvateli
Novotná, Karolína
The master thesis "Evaluation of the change of landscape use in the Brno-Kohoutovice area in relation to infiltration of rainwater, climate change and its perception by local inhabitants" contains an analysis of the development of land use between 1953 and 2020. The theoretical part contains information about the hydrological balance of the landscape, factors influencing the infiltration of rainwater and the importance of groundwater in landscape ecosystems. The area is characterised by natural conditions and historical development. The information has been confirmed and documented in field research and forest health assessment. The data obtained were used to calculate the amount of rainwater runoff, which increased by more than 100 %. The questionnaire focused on residents perceptions of changing moisture conditions in the landscape. The results of the questionnaire were processed and confirmed that residents perceive changes in the landscape. Based on the findings, measures were proposed to improve rainwater collection. The findings and suggested measures can be used to promote sustainable and efficient water management.
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Jak anatomické a ekofyziologické charakteristiky podrostních bylin temperátních doubrav souvisí s jejich reakcí na sucho
Joura, Libor
Trees modify the environmental conditions for the growth of the shrub and herb layer. Nowadays, the tree layer in forest stands is changing at an unprecedented speed due to the influence of management and the influence of increasing natural mortality. Dense forest stands are considered a refuge for herbs from increased temperature due to global climate change. On the other hand, the surface temperature of leaves in thinned forest stands is indeed higher, but it also gives the possibility of active defense against drought or pathogens. In the diploma thesis, the effect of drought stress and lack of sunlight on anatomical parameters and their correlation with physiology was investigated in selected species of understory herbs growing in temperate oak forests, specifically in the Asarum europaeum L. and Hepatica nobilis Schreb. As a result of drought stress, Asarum europaeum experienced changes in the size of the xylem area of the petiole and the total area of the lumen of the petiole vessels. Furthermore, in the size of the surface area of the vessel lumen, which also changed due to the lack of sunlight. Drought stress had a significant effect on the size of the leaf area in the Asarum europaeum. In the Hepatica nobilis, drought stress had an effect mainly on the diameter of the lumen of the vessels, where stressed plants had a larger diameter of the lumen of the vessels. Drought stress also had a significant effect on the number of vessels in both species. The effect of drought and lack of sunlight had no significant effect on the observed correlations between anatomical and ecophysiological parameters. The Asarum europaeum approaches an isohydric survival strategy. It has a higher degree of stomatal regulation, forms a more efficient but sparser xylem due to a higher diameter of the lumen of the vessels and a larger area of the xylem of the petiole. Hepatica nobilis also forms a large vessel lumen diameter, but the xylem is characterized by lower hydraulic conductivity. It therefore forms a safer and denser xylem, corresponding to an anisohydric strategy. The herbaceous layer carries considerable ecological importance for the structure and function of forest ecosystems. It would be beneficial to perceive the herbaceous and tree layer as a more connected and compact unit. Forest management should consider the importance of the herb layer and also its demands in terms of light and water availability. Trees will thus benefit from the contribution of herbs from the point of view of better nutrient dynamics, the ability to moderate soil erosion or from improving the flow of water through the forest floor.
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Remote sensing as a forest management tool in Sub-Himalayan area in India
Kunwar, Haruhit
The Himalayan forests in India are home to very distinguished Himalayan flora and fauna, and the local population and livestock rely on forests because of the agrarian economy and pastoralism. The implementation of Remote Sensing and geotechnology tools in Forestry (precise forestry), has proved to support forest management. The sub-Himalayan area in India is one such region, that is largely forested and needs an application of Remote Sensing in Forest Management. This work has incorporated several geotechnology tools through which satellite imagery was processed and analyzed to have the outputs that will aid the foresters and forest managers with understanding the critical areas and implementing forest management plan with accuracy and precision, along with saving a lot of time.
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