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The statistical investigation of time and economical development of the extraordinary incident kind selected
SMOLÍK, Martin
This dissertation called The Statistical Investigation of Time and Economical Development of the Extraordinary Incident Kind Selected deals with traffic accidents on roads within the Czech Republic. The goal of this work is to investigate a time and economical connection of traffic accidents. The theoretical part specifies basic terms which are related to road transport in the Czech Republic and which are mainly based on valid laws in the field of road transportation. There is also deeply analysed the term "traffic accident" which has to gain specific features in order to be classified as a traffic accident. Subsequently, there are also presented and discussed the most common causes of accidents. Impacts of economic damage to the state budget were described by a certified methodology for calculating losses from a traffic accident rate on roads. Within possibilities of a bigger kind of an extraordinary incident during which emergency could be announced, there is described a system of crisis management in transport and an operation of Crisis Management Department of the Ministry of Transport. In the last section of the theoretical part there are summarized the basic methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics which were used for processing of the practical part of the dissertation. In the practical part three hypotheses were being tested based on the collected data, which was drawn from statistical yearbooks of a traffic accident rate published on the website of the Police of the Czech Republic. The methodology provides basic methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics to whom the gained data has been subjected. To verify the hypothesis H2 the amounts of damage per a time unit have a distribution close to the normal distribution. It was used within the mathematical statistics of nonparametric testing of hypothesis. Through the non-parametric testing was allowed to prove normality of damage amount in traffic accidents in the period 2009 - 2013. For verification of the hypothesis H1 number of traffic accidents and the amount of damage are positively correlated and hypotheses H3 time development of traffic accidents per one time unit can be expressed by linear regression with negative correlation. Simple linear and correlation dependence was used in the context of mathematical statistics. The aim of the hypotheses H1 and H3 mentioned above was to find out a kind of regression, depending on given statistical features, to find suitable regression function and to determine tightness of correlation using an appropriate coefficient. A negative correlation coefficient was calculated for the hypothesis H1 so it was rejected. This result is possible to comment on the fact that, although there is less material damage, the number of incidents in particular time units does not reflect this fact. For the hypotheses H3 we can conclude that traffic accidents have been declining in a longer time interval and this leads to fulfilment of the goal of the national road safety strategy 2011 - 2020. For the short time period 2009 - 2013 it is not possible to come to the same conclusion and the hypotheses H3 has to be rejected. In the context of a deeper research of the impact of economic damage to our state, it would be good to work e.g. with the amount of money which insurance companies have to pay to persons involved in an accident. We could also work with the amount of costs which the state has to spend on activities of organs of emergency service for dealing with all consequences of any emergencies associated with an accident. Determination of the total amount of economic damage from a traffic accident rate and from a number of traffic accidents helps us to realize the seriousness of this issue. Just as other indicators of traffic safety, economic damage and a number of traffic accidents are important indicators of prevention and effectiveness of traffic-safety measures.
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Regression and correlation analysis of time development of the traffic accidents number at transportation of dangerous substances in a selected region.
VÁVRA, Martin
The aim of this thesis was to conduct a statistical survey and the measurement of statistical dependences of time development of the traffic accident rate at transportation of dangerous solid, liquid and gaseous substances, including their total number and also in case of leakage of these substances in a selected region "the Czech Republic". The purpose of the thesis was to verify statistical data, or more precisely, verification of two basic hypotheses H1 and H2, and five sub-hypotheses H11, H12, H13, H14, H15. For these verifications methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics were used, especially regression and correlation analysis in hypothesis H1. To verify hypothesis H2, nonparametric normality test as a technique of mathematical statistics was applied. Verification of hypotheses H1 and their sub-hypotheses H11, H12, H13, H14, H15 enabled to prove linear regression associated with negative correlation within the development of traffic accidents at transportation of dangerous substances in annual units of time (2002 to 2011). Verification of hypothesis H2 enabled to demonstrate normality in distribution of the number of accidents at transportation of dangerous substances within individual months of the monitored period from 2007 to 2011. As benefits of this thesis both the proposal of the sequence of statistical methods for examining the research topic and the application of the mentioned statistical methods to the number of traffic accidents at transportation of dangerous substances can be considered Based on the results of this study, possible follow-up research work may be suggested. A research is proposed which would survey the ways of prevention or other factors leading to negative correlation dependence. Another possibility of follow-up research work could be, for example, statistical surveys and the measurement of statistical dependences in regions of the CR or investigation of the theoretical distribution of the number of traffic accidents at transportation of dangerous substances within a different time unit.
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Description and Presentation of Data by means of a Computer
Toms, Martin ; Komárková, Lenka (advisor) ; Pokorný, Pavel (referee)
This bachelor thesis gradually reveals and explains the application of individual parts of the descriptive statistics. After explaining the basic terminology we will get to one-dimensional characteristics including the measure of central tendency, measure of variability or measure of concentration. These measures are followed by two-dimensional characteristics represented by measure of dependency. Each of these parts shows possible methods of calculations applied straight to convenient data. Furthermore everything is certainly accompanied by different ways of graphical depiction of the concrete problems with the help of the proper software (R, Excel + alterations in Photoshop).
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Aspects influencing the risk of bank loans (from the perspective of the Česká spořitelna a.s.)
Babková, Eva ; Vrabec, Michal (advisor) ; Kult, Jan (referee)
The aim of my diploma thesis is to evaluate aspects of credit risk, particularly focused on the retail banking in Česká spořitelna a.s., where all the data come from. At first the thesis describes the background of Česká spořitelna a.s., bank products and credit process. Further there are explains the basic procedures for assessement of the state of company and portfolio monitoring. In the section devoted to banking risks there are specified bank risks and regulation of these risks from the perspective of the Basel Capital Accord. The remaining two theoretical parts describe methods that will be used to evaluate the risk of loans i.e. descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing. Introduction of empirical study describes the structure and over time of the loan portfolio evolution of retail banking. The remainder of the study is already focused on the analysis of credit risks from several points of view. In the first place there is examining the impact of legal form of organization and type of product on credit risk. Furthermore, evaluations of the riskiest sectors from subject come and ultimately verify the influence business plans of the branch network. My personal contribution is a notice on aspects which have proven negative effect on loan.
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