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The influence of physiotherapy on patients with osteoporosis
REJŽKOVÁ, Olga
The theoretical part poses challange of osteoporosis as a disease that is in the limelight in recent years. Since it is a disease that causes bone rarefaction and bone stock loss was part of the work devoted to themes of microscopic and macroscopic structure of bone, bone formation and development, factors affecting growth and bone remodeling. Furthermore, the theoretical part describes the different types of osteoporosis, defines the causes and risk factors of disease, informs about modern methods and treatment procedures and establishes important principles for prevention. This work also focuses on the diagnosis of disease, particularly it is centred on the clinical and X-ray studies, osteodensitometry and laboratory tests which are currently the most frequently used methods of diagnosis. The examination procedures were discribed in detail in section operating methodology of research that were later used in the actual researches. They were especially densitometry imaging method that was used to determine bone density, followed by laboratory tests by means of them were detected samples of blood levels for substances that affect bone metabolism. To evaluate muscle strength and shortened muscle groups are used methods by prof. MUDr.Vladimir Janda, DrSc. Furthermore, the assessment of spine development, character and poise along with examination of stability were evaluated according to Romberg. The invertigate was composed of four patients. Two of them were involved in regular physiotherapeutic exercises, the other two were treated only with medicaments.
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Osteoporosis - radiologic aspects
DAŠEK, Oldřich
OSTEOPOROSIS is a serious generalised bone disease which results in their increased fragility. It appears in the highest rate at older age. Goal Getting familiar with osteoporosis and comparing radiation doses of patients in case of kyphoplastics and vertebroplastics. Comparison of doses on different equipment and among different methods. Effort to cut down doses for both a patient and attending staff on the performance. Methodology In 2007, care was given to 46 patients in our station using percutaneous vertebroplastics and kyphoplastics. An angiographic set (Siemens - axiom artis) and a mobile C-arm (Ziehm - exposcope 8000) were used to navigate the action for 30 and 16 patients, respectively. The measured doses were assessed for the patients, average doses for vertebroplastics and for kyphoplastics were calculated, and these were compared one against the other. We also assessed the dose in relation to the number of treated vertebra for a single patient and anatomical zones of position of these vertebrae. And finally, we determined the average doses for the instruments and compared them one against the other. Results The lowest doses have been achieved in treating vertebral bodies of TH spine, and the highest value appeared in the performance when three vertebrae have been treated together. The results from comparison of the average dose on both instruments show that the average dose of a patient navigated with the angiographic set is by some 55 % lower against patients with the C-arm used. The value measured for kyphoplastics is by some 50 % lower than for vertebroplastics. Conclusion The results of the study show that kyphoplastics is more desirable concerning the dose, but the economic view is against, as well that it suits rather to acute fractures. The benefit of this work is the comparison of the doses for the surgeries on two types of instruments. We have shown that the selection of the suitable instrument can have impact of the resulting dose for the patient, as well the dose for attending staff. In our case, the effect was up to 55%. The outcome will be the effort to perform the maximum of these actions using the angiographic set and to minimise the total dose.
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Optimalization of development process in connection with a change of a supplier of material
VORÁČ, Michal
The development process, and in fact the entire question of processing X-ray images is still, despite all of the simplifications and standardizations, a relatively complex series of interesting processes. Even though it no longer enjoys the attention it once did, its position within the diagnostic algorithm is nonetheless permanent, and until digitalization becomes practical, irreplaceable. It will continue to fall within the competence of the radiological assistant, and hence the radiological assistant will continue to hold responsibility for its optimal course. Today, of course, it is no longer to have specific chemical training, but on the other hand it is more necessary than before to ensure a responsible approach, careful work, and to a great extent a degree of enthusiasm for the entire procedure. The present work is not intended in any way to influence the choice of a new subcontract for our section, but merely to draw attention to the positive and negative aspects of this change. A series of densitometric measurements were performed under various conditions of the development process, for the purpose of investigating the advantages and disadvantages of the new film material and its results were then compared with the similarly processed values acquired under the present state of the processing procedure. The development process may be influenced by many factors; hence the complex reaction must be carefully followed and maintained within precisely delineated standards. Only as such it is possible to achieve a quality image. Even the very best photographic operation can come to naught if the final processing of the image is not correct. In this instance, the patient is quite unnecessarily subjected to a higher dose of radiation than should be, and the image does not contain all of the possible details and the diagnostic potential is lowered. Only a correctly performed development process can make the maximum use of the X-ray image and thus provide the doctor with better conditions for his or her responsible work.
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