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Mechanism of surfactin self-resistance in the Bacillus subtilis cytoplasmatic membrane
Seydlová, Gabriela ; Svobodová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Spížek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Julák, Alois (referee)
Surfactin, a lipopeptide surfactant and antibiotic produced by Bacillus subtilis, exhibits a strong membrane perturbation. One of the drawbacks hindering its commercial applications is the unknown mechanism of surfactin self-resistance in the producer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the self-protective mechanisms of the cytoplasmic membrane of B. subtilis against the deleterious effect of surfactin. In order to reach this task, two isogenic pairs of strains differing only in surfactin production were constructed. It was found out that the early response of the producer is realized by increasing the amount of total lipid content in the membrane already with the onset of surfactin synthesis. This process leads to lowering the surfactin-lipid ratio in the membrane. In parallel with the growing surfactin concentration the content of anionic phospholipids with cardiolipin as the major representative rises up to 24 % of the total. Together with the fall of phosphatidylethanolamine these changes promote the membrane stabilization and protect it against the interaction with surfactin. These alterations result in higher rigidity both of the polar head and hydrophobic chain region of the membrane as the steady state anisotropy of DPH and TMA-DPH showed. After 24 h of cultivation induction of...
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The health issues of the Staphylococcus genus
NEJEDLÁ, Michaela
The bachelor thesis deals with the information primarily regarding the diseases caused species of genus Staphylococcus and problems increasing of resistance to antibiotics. The disease of mastitis of dairy cattle belongs to the most serious and costly laborious facts in the agriculture companies. In the bachelor thesis are analysed alimentary intoxications in humans caused by staphylococcal enterotoxins. The antibiotic resistance is growing all over the word and the inception of the resistance is much faster than the discovering of new antibiotics.
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Invasive meningococcal disease in terms of pre-hospital care
MASOPUSTOVÁ, Jana
Invasive meningococcal disease is one of the most feared infectious diseases in the Czech Republic. It is the condition where a person is infected with any serotype of the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis, which causes a life-threatening meningococcal sepsis. Unfortunately, meningococcal infections belong, even in today's advanced medicine, to the world´s health problems. The life-threatening form of meningococcal invasive disease leads to death when left without treatment. The aim of this thesis was to survey the paramedics´ knowledge of procedures and practices in connection with invasive meningococcal disease in conditions of pre-hospital emergency care, because paramedics usually come into contact with the disease in the first line. In its quantitative investigation the thesis is focused on staff members of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian region. The questionnaire technique was used to meet the objective to survey the paramedics´ knowledge of procedures and practices in connection with invasive meningococcal disease. The research has proved that paramedics are truly knowledgeable about procedures in pre-hospital emergency care. Most questions in the survey were answered correctly, better than average. By using control questions, only minor shortcomings were detected, such as insufficient training of the issue by the employer and a limited possibility of monitoring the further life story of the patients with this disease after their transfer for further care. In my opinion this specific disease with its rapid invasiveness in the organism requires a thorough knowledge by medical staff, which has been verified. It has been confirmed that the Medical Rescue Service personnel of the South Bohemian region are ready to provide expert medical care to our patients with the utmost expertise and professionalism.
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Dangerous of imported plague caused by Neisseria meningitidis
VLASOVÁ, Martina
The bachelor thesis called {\clq}qDanger of an imported plague caused by Neisseria meningitidis`` deals with a danger resulting from an import of the highly contagious plague caused by this bacteria. The genus of Neisseria commonly occurs in the human body as a natural population of the oropharynx. Only two kinds of it are pathogenic for humans and one of them is Neisseria meningitidis. It causes Meningococcal meningitis, which is a disease of the central nervous system and it is characterized by meningitis. This illness occurs only sporadically in the Czech Republic, although there were several epidemics. Worldwide an incidence of meningitis varies according to the hygiene and health conditions of the area. Currently the highest rate of infected people has been reported from countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, where the incidence varies between endemic and epidemic. With the increasing trend in travel to foreign countries, which were unavailable until recently, there appear new risks associated with the occurrence of highly contagious diseases. Sub-Saharan Africa is undoubtedly one of those areas, that is why travellers should consider possible travel vaccinations. Today it is possible a vaccination against all the most common types except type B meningitis. The aim of this work is to cultivate Neisseria meningitidis, to determine the sensitivity to appropriate antibiotics and to state whether a sufficient number of the antibiotics is available in case of a spread of Meningococcal meningitis. Then there will be described, in the presented bachelor thesis, a process of the Integrated Rescue System in a co-operation with the regional Public Health Watch and other Public health authorities to stop the spread of meningococcal meningitis.
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Characterizacion and occurrence of methicilin resistant bacillary species Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from blood of patients of CZ and European hospitals.
VOBROVÁ, Renata
The thesis called The Characteristics and the Occurence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) from the Blood of Patients of Hospitals in the CR and Europe is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. In the practical part the methodology at detection and identification of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is specified in detail {--} exact procedures and principles of particular methods. Further there are the graphically and statistically processed data on MRSA capture in 2007, 2008 (The regions of České Budějovice and Český Krumlov). By the help of these data I was supposed to prove or disprove the stated hypotheses. Hypothesis no. 1: The capture of increased occurence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the course of period of time (2007-2008). The hypothesis was unambiguously disproved. Hypothesis no. 2: The connection of bloodstream infections caused by MRSA to the cannulation of patients. The hypothesis was proved. Hypothesis no. 3: The increased occurence of bloodstream infections caused by MRSA in connection to the higher number of infections caused by MRSA generally (with higher capture of MRSA generally). It is not possible to say if the hypothesis was proved or disproved. In case of the total number the hypothesis was proved. In case of age groups it was not proved. The main objective was to tip the risky departments, risky age groups and so on. I referred to the situation in chosen European states. I achieved the objective thanks to the graphical processing of the gained data.
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