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Mycobacterium tuberculosis as causative agent of grave illness
Hampl, Tomáš ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Voxová, Barbora (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové Field of study: Specialist in laboratory methods Author: Bc. Tomáš Hampl Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Mycobacterium tuberculosis as causative agent of grave illness The aim of this diploma thesis is to deal with tuberculosis, describe the pathogen, taxonomic classification, describe the origin, course and clinical manifestations of the disease, diagnosis, including laboratory diagnostics, epidemiology of tuberculosis, treatment and prevention. Tuberculosis (TBC) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world caused by bacterium M. tuberculosis in humans. TBC is sometimes referred as a disease of the past, but the recent rise in cases of the disease, and especially the spread of forms of drug-resistant TBC, makes the disease very dangerous. Currently, a major problem is the alarming rise in resistant and multi-resistant tuberculosis, which is not counteracted by commonly used first-line drugs. Therefore, there is a constant emphasis around the world on discovering and testing new potential antituberculotics that could help patients with resistant and multidrug-resistant TBC. In the experimental part, the thesis deals with screening of antimycobacterial activity of potential antituberculotics...
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In vitro screening of novel potentially active antimycotic compounds II
Comová, Kateřina ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist in Laboratory Methods Candidate: Bc. Kateřina Comová Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro screening of novel potentially active antimycotic compounds II Key words: yeasts, fungi, antimycotics, resistance, microdilution broth metod, minimal inhibition concentration. The main focus of this thesis is on antifungal resistance and the mechanism of action of selected antifungal agents. The theoretical part of the thesis gives a general overview of the characteristics of microscopic fungi and the diseases they cause. Attention is also paid to antifungal agents that are commonly used in the treatment of fungal infections, as well as those that are currently at various stages of clinical trials. This ties in with the mechanism of action of these compounds, which is also described here. The theoretical part also summarizes the development and principles of antifungal resistance. The theoretical part concludes with the description of the methods used in the determination of in vitro susceptibility of fungal agents to antifungals. The practical part of the thesis describes the procedure of the quantitative broth microdilution method, which...
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In vitro screening of potential antimycobacterial compounds against fast growing strains of Mycobacterium genus II
Pchálková, Tereza ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist on Laboratory Methods Author: Bc. Tereza Pchálková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro screening of potential antimycobacterial compounds active against fast growing strains of Mycobacterium genus II Key words: Mycobacteria, Tuberculosis, Antituberculotics, Microdilution broth method, Minimum inhibition concentration Background: The aim of this diploma thesis has been screening of in vitro antimycobacterial activity of novel compounds against fast growing strains of the genus Mycobacterium (Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium aurum). Another aim has been predicting the structure-activity relationships for tested compounds. Methods: The technique used for activity determination was microdilution broth method. The value of minimum inhibition concentration for each compound was determined. The evaluation was performed visually and spectrophotometrically using the Alamar blue indicator. Results: A total of 79 compounds were tested. 22 tested compounds showed significant activity against mycobacteria. The substances were sorted according to the similarity in chemical structure into 10 groups. From a chemical point of view, these...
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In vitro screening of novel potentially active antibacterial compounds II
Zbořilová, Eliška ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Vejsová, Marcela (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist on Laboratory Methods Author: Bc. Eliška Zbořilová Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro screening of novel potentially active antibacterial compounds II Key words: antibiotics, bacteria, resistance, minimal inhibitory concentration, bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics This diploma thesis deals with testing of the efficacy of new antimicrobial agents on selected representative bacteria. The work consists of a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part includes the history and the present of antibiotics describing current issues and the layout of the antibiotic policy in the Czech Republic and in the world. It deals with the characteristics of drugs, below which are described their importance, division, effects, resistance. Furthermore, this part of work describes detailed mechanism of action for two selected groups of compounds. Last but not least, this work portrays the methods that are used to determine the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics. The practical part deals with the description of the whole work process, including the characteristics of used bacterial strains and the list of tested substances....
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In vitro screening of potential antimycobacterial compounds against fast growing strains of Mycobacterium genus II
Pchálková, Tereza ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist on Laboratory Methods Author: Bc. Tereza Pchálková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro screening of potential antimycobacterial compounds active against fast growing strains of Mycobacterium genus II Key words: Mycobacteria, Tuberculosis, Antituberculotics, Microdilution broth method, Minimum inhibition concentration Background: The aim of this diploma thesis has been screening of in vitro antimycobacterial activity of novel compounds against fast growing strains of the genus Mycobacterium (Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium aurum). Another aim has been predicting the structure-activity relationships for tested compounds. Methods: The technique used for activity determination was microdilution broth method. The value of minimum inhibition concentration for each compound was determined. The evaluation was performed visually and spectrophotometrically using the Alamar blue indicator. Results: A total of 79 compounds were tested. 22 tested compounds showed significant activity against mycobacteria. The substances were sorted according to the similarity in chemical structure into 10 groups. From a chemical point of view, these...
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In vitro screening of novel potentially active antimycotic compounds III
Janků, Aneta ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist in Laboratory Methods Candidate: Bc. Aneta Janků Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro screening of novel potentially active antimycotic compounds III Key words: yeasts, moulds, antimycotics, mechanism of action of polyenes, microdilution broth method, MIC - minimal inhibition concentration. The main topic of this diploma thesis is in vitro screening of new, potentially active antifungal compounds. The introductory chapter in the theoretical part of the work is devoted to the epidemiology of fungal infections. The classification of micromycetes and the characteristics of the fungal eukaryotic cell are given below, focusing on composition of the plasma membrane and the cell wall. A separate chapter also deals with specific species of fungi and the diseases they cause. The main topic is drugs from the group of antifungals, where more attention is focused on polyene antifungals, their mechanism of action in detail and the emergence of resistance. An integral part are also the stages of development of new drugs and a list of novels developing antifungals. The final chapter describes the types of methods designed for in vitro evaluation...
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In vitro screening of novel potentially active antibacterial compounds III
Vízková, Marcela ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Voxová, Barbora (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist on Laboratory Methods Autor: Bc. Marcela Vízková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title: In vitro screening of novel potentially active antibacterial compounds III Since the discovery of penicillin, antibiotics have become part of modern therapeutic approaches. But the global spread of resistance makes their future uncertain. It is necessary to find new antibacterial substances useful in practice. As resistance is a global threat, the theoretical part deals with this issue. In addition to resistance, the theoretical part also briefly describes the antibiotics used, including new antibiotics, which were recently registered or likely to be registered. For selected groups, their mechanism of action is described in detail. Sensitivity should be determined to correctly indicate the antibiotic treatment. For this reason, the theoretical part also describes methods by which the sensitivity of a microbe to an antibiotic can be determined qualitatively or quantitatively. The theoretical part does not neglect the history of the development of antibacterial substances and familiarization with antibiotic policy in the Czech Republic. This diploma thesis is based on...
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In vitro screening of novel potentially active antimycotic compounds II
Comová, Kateřina ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist in Laboratory Methods Candidate: Bc. Kateřina Comová Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro screening of novel potentially active antimycotic compounds II Key words: yeasts, fungi, antimycotics, resistance, microdilution broth metod, minimal inhibition concentration. The main focus of this thesis is on antifungal resistance and the mechanism of action of selected antifungal agents. The theoretical part of the thesis gives a general overview of the characteristics of microscopic fungi and the diseases they cause. Attention is also paid to antifungal agents that are commonly used in the treatment of fungal infections, as well as those that are currently at various stages of clinical trials. This ties in with the mechanism of action of these compounds, which is also described here. The theoretical part also summarizes the development and principles of antifungal resistance. The theoretical part concludes with the description of the methods used in the determination of in vitro susceptibility of fungal agents to antifungals. The practical part of the thesis describes the procedure of the quantitative broth microdilution method, which...
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In vitro screening of potential antimycobacterial compounds against fast growing strains of Mycobacterium genus
Lyčková, Lenka ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist in Laboratory Methods Candidate: Bc. Lenka Lyčková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro screening of potential antimycobacterial compounds against fast growing strains of Mycobacterium genus The aim of this work is to determine the efficacy of new compounds for possible treatment of tuberculosis in the future. A microdilution broth method with already proven procedure on Mycobacterium aurum and Mycobacterium smegmatis strains was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of compounds. The theoretical part summarizes the epidemiological situation of recent years with global trends in the incidence and mortality of tuberculosis in the world and in the Czech Republic, including prospective plans for remediation in the time horizon. Mycobacteria are described in the main representation with M. tuberculosis. Tuberculosis disease - its history, forms, diagnosis and treatment with antituberculotics, which are divided according to the use lines, new drugs and drugs in development. The experimental part contains qualitative and quantitative methods of testing mycobacteria and captures the microdilution broth method used in...
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In vitro screening of novel potentially active antibacterial compounds II
Zbořilová, Eliška ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Vejsová, Marcela (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist on Laboratory Methods Author: Bc. Eliška Zbořilová Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro screening of novel potentially active antibacterial compounds II Key words: antibiotics, bacteria, resistance, minimal inhibitory concentration, bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics This diploma thesis deals with testing of the efficacy of new antimicrobial agents on selected representative bacteria. The work consists of a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part includes the history and the present of antibiotics describing current issues and the layout of the antibiotic policy in the Czech Republic and in the world. It deals with the characteristics of drugs, below which are described their importance, division, effects, resistance. Furthermore, this part of work describes detailed mechanism of action for two selected groups of compounds. Last but not least, this work portrays the methods that are used to determine the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics. The practical part deals with the description of the whole work process, including the characteristics of used bacterial strains and the list of tested substances....
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