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Radiotherapy planning
Požár, Pavel ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
This thesis deals with analysis of characteristics of ionising radiation. The equipments used for irradiation of pathologic findings are described. The thesis contains particular stages of planning algorithm with list of individual actions. Practical part contains a description of application made for irradiation simulation which includes brief explanation of working procedure with program. It also contains a description of individual functions of this application.
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Radiation exposure of persons working in the risk of ioniing radiation in the University Hospital in Pilsen
ULČOVÁ, Radka
The diploma thesis on "Radiation exposure of persons working at risk of ionising radiation at the Pilsen University Hospital" is divided into two parts. The first analyses personal effective doses of the employees of the Pilsen University Hospital in 20092013, and the second focuses on measurements of secondary radiation created after the activation of collimator systems of linear accelerators. The introduction of the theoretical part discusses the history of radiology, followed by a summary of information on the sources of ionising radiation, its characteristics, properties, methods of interaction with the environment and biological effects on organisms. The chapter on radiation protection focuses on basic legislative regulations relevant to the topic. In the Czech Republic, radiation protection of people working with sources of ionising radiation is mostly based on Act No. 18/1997 Coll., on peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and Regulation of the State Office for Nuclear Safety No. 307/2002 Coll., on radiation protection. The thesis also lists dose limits and basic information about personal dosimetry, and the theoretical section is concluded with information on the methods of protecting personnel and on provided healthcare. The thesis uses as its sources primary literature, internet links, current legislation and data from the database of the State Office for Nuclear Safety on records from personal dosimeters in the analysed period. The thesis had two objectives. The first was to compare levels of exposure at the Pilsen University Hospital. The analysis involved 579 persons in total; after arranging the data into tables and dividing employees into groups by the type of tasks they perform and their job, it was possible to compare median value indicators, confirming the hypothesis that persons carrying out intervention tasks are exposed to more ionising radiation. In order to compare the development of doses over time, a double-selection t-test was performed on data from 2009 and 2013, confirming the effectiveness of anti-radiation measures adopted at the University Hospital and a reduction in the exposure of employees in this period. The second objective was to confirm or deny the hypothesis that secondary radiation created by collimator systems, while measurable, is not sufficiently large to be detected by personal dosimeters. In order to achieve this objective, measurements were carried out at the Oncology and Radiology Clinic of the Pilsen University Hospital. The first measurements tried to determine the relationship between dose and time at various levels of energy, the second compared the relationship between dose and distance from the collimator plane and the third monitored the number of exposures until the collimator plates are saturated and dose is no longer increased. All results were arranged in tables and projected in charts. The results of the research confirmed the hypothesis that secondary radiation created during the use of high-energy equipment is just below the detection limits of personal dosimeters. For this reason, it is recommended to frequently rotate personnel working with the equipment.
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Dose Measurement at a Radiotherapy Workplace by Means of Personal Dosimeters
ČERNOHORSKÁ, Adéla
Abstract Dose Measurement at a Radiotherapy Workplace by Means of Personal Dosimeters Ionising radiation may have negative influence on human organism, which is why protection against it is so important. Limits for radiotherapy workplaces, where medical staff work every day close to a source of the radiation, are defined by Decree No. 184/1997 Col. Personal monitoring is used at workplaces with ionizing radiation sources to measure monthly doses, which should not exceed particular limits. Personal dosimeters, apparatuses capable of detecting ionizing radiation are used for personnel monitoring. There are various types of dosimeters available, based on different principles. So called film dosimeters are used at the radiotherapy department of the Hospital České Budějovice. These dosimeters are sent to the National Personal Dosimetry Service every month where they are assessed. The aim of my work was to find out whether radiotherapy department staff and some places there may also be measured by DMC 2000 XB dosimeters by Merlin Gerin, to measure these activities and places and to compare the results with those detected by the film tape and TL type dosimeters.
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Common specification of radiotherapeutical apparatuses and their appearance in departments of radiation therapy in the Czech republic
NOVÁK, Michal
From the first contact of patient with simulator to therapeutic application of radiation is the radiotherapy in direct contact with devices. The radiotherapeutical units are irreplaceable because the radiation therapy is impossible without these. The process of radiotherapy became more difficult with production of modern devices, using new techniques of irradiation, using new accesories, aids and especially with development of computer technology. This fact enabled approximation to the exacting requirements of modern radiotherapy. Today is the spectrum of radiotherapeutical units stabilize on several types which include most of clinical demands. These are linear accelerators, cobalt and cesium isotopic units, therapeutic X-ray devices and the automatic afterloading systems for brachytherapy. Today is the attention paid to expansion of technical abilities of existing units rather than to searching of new types of radiation sources. Using of unconventional sources of radiation, especially the neutron sources and accelerators of heavy parcticles, is exception. The subject of this bachelor essay is adumbrate meaning of devices in radiation therapy. Essay provide list of the most frequently devices which used for therapeutic application of ionizing radiation. These therapeutic units are generally specified in essay and there are provided important informations about incident of radiothe-rapeutical units at departments of radiotherapy in the Czech Republic.
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