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Funkční stav mléčné žlázy v závislosti na způsobu zaprahnutí dojnic
KOSOVÁ, Vendula
The method of dry off therapy dairy cows significantly affects the overall course of the dry period, the functional state of the mammary gland and the occurrence of mastitis in the first phase of lactation. Concerns about antimicrobial resistance have been growing in recent years, leading to demands for antibiotic reduction in livestock farming. Efforts to reduce antibiotic consumption also affect the way cows are milked. The selective method of thresholding seems to be a suitable alternative to surface antibiotic plating, which was a common practice on most farms in the Czech Republic. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to process the recorded data on dry dairy cows and their subsequent comparison in order to evaluate different methods of drying off. The data, used in this thesis, was taken in the agricultural enterprise Agrodam Hořepník, in the period from September 2020 to October 2021 and deals with a total of 398 dairy cows. The methods of drying off compared were: drying off using the antibiotic preparation Orbenin and Orbeseal teat plugs, a combination of the Orbenin antibiotic preparation, Orbeseal teat plugs and the Herba Dry herbal supplement, dryin off with the help of the Orbeseal teat plug with the Herba Dry herbal supplement and a variant of the Orbeseal teat plug itself. Antibiotic dry cow therapy had the most effective results when comparing PSB before farrowing and after calving. However, the fact that alternative methods did not achieve the same favorable results as antibiotics, their use in dairy cows with low PSB appears to be effective.
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Onemocnění paznehtů u holštýnského skotu
KLABOUCHOVÁ, Taťána
The health status of dairy cows has a direct impact on milk production and the related breeding economy. Any disruption of the health of the dairy cows reduces milk yield and negative affects the economy of breeding. Maintaining good limb health in dairy cows i sone of the most important tasks of production and preventive veterinary medicine. The bachelor's thesis is focused on the occurence of hoof diseases on three dairy farms breeding Holstein cattle. Monitoring took place in the years 2018 - 2020. A total of 2 163 dairy cows were included in the follow-upm divided into 5 groups according to the order of lactation. The most common diseases were specific-traumatic inflammations of the hoof joint, where their incidence ranged from 7,9 % to 14,8 %. Another disease assessed was digital dermatitis, which occured from 7,28 % to 14,24 % during the monitored years. The last disease studied was necrobacillosis. This occured on farms ranging from 1,22 % to 4,74 %. The work also decribes the characteristics of the Holstein cattle, the anatomy of the hoof, treatment and prevention of individual diseases, as well as the factors influencing the development of hoof disease.
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Vybrané vlivy na reprodukci plemenic holštýnského skotu
ŠPAČKOVÁ, Vladislava
The work deals with the evaluation of selected effects on reproduction of Holstein cattle breeds. The aim of the study was to evaluate reproductive parameters (insemination index, insemination interval, period service, interim, pregnancy after the first insemination) in a selected group of dairy cows. These reproductive indicators were subsequently evaluated depending on genotype, performance level, lactation order and age at first calving and used synchronization methods. The evaluation took place at the Vřesce farm, belonging to company Rynagro a.s. 260 Holstein breed cows and their hybrids were included. The results showed that some reproductive indicators (insemination interval, service period and interim) of the monitored group of dairy cows were lower than the average of the Czech Republic. When evaluating the genotype effect on reproductive parameters, a highly significant effect (p<0.01) of genotype on insemination interval was found. Holstein breed cows had a 7-day higher insemination interval than other crosses. In evaluating the effect of daily milk yield was not proven statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in period servis and interim. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in insemination index, insemination interval and pregnancy after the first insemination were proven in the performance evaluation. The p-value of the global null hypothesis was close to 0.05 and no significant differences between the compared groups were demonstrated in the subsequent multiple comparison. The effect of the order of lactation on reproductive parameters was not proven (p>0.05). However, interesting results were found by the impact of age at first calving. There was a statistically highly significant difference (p<0.01) between the groups in the insemination interval and the interim and a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the groups in the service period. Cows with a first calving age 23 months had all of these indicators lowest, the highest values were found within cows with a first calving age of 28 months. After evaluating the correlation analysis, a significant effect of age at first calving on insemination interval (p<0.05; r=0.13), on interim (p<0.01; r=0.17) and period service (p<0.01; r=0.17). Synchronization methods were used in 125 cows and the overall success rate after this treatment was 47%. The most commonly used protocol was the Ovsynch method. The calculations based on the extension of the service period quantified the theoretical loss for the extended cycle of dairy cows. This loss is 7 030, - CZK per cow and takes into account the losses for milk and the unborn calf, not the cost of further insemination and treatment of cows.
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Zhodnocení kvality konzervovaných krmiv a úrovně výživy jalovic ve vybraném zemědělském podniku
FIC, Josef
Rearing heifers is one of the most important activities undertaken in the framework of the operation of dairy cattle farms. Corn silage and perennial forage crops are an important feed for livestock. During their production is important to follow all technological procedures starting from the selection of seed forage crops to quality covering the silo. Failure to observe technological processes leads to problems of poor fermentation process which results in poor feed, which immediately reflected on the animals. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate nutritive value of silages. The literature review processes the nutrition of the heifers in the agricultural cooperative Zemědělská Klučenice, a.s. It includes also the composition of the feed ration, the share of individual components and their nutrient composition. Agricultural cooperative owns modern technology. The result there were no deficiencies in feed rations and in hygiene. In the conclusion, the author suggests possible solutions improve.
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Reprodukce holštýnského skotu
VACHOUŠKOVÁ, Jana
In the past 20 years primary production of milk has made improvements in efficiency greater than any other branch of agriculture. Purpose of the project was to collect and compile information about synchronization programs used in Holstein cattle and then process the results of reproduction in a high yielding dairy farm. The growth of milk production was, however, met with a rising presence of "production diseases" - one of them being a steady decline of reproduction abilities of cows. Despite many theories attempting to explain this issue, the most widely accepted reason is that the efficiency was increased at the cost of dairy cattle welfare. This phenomenon is often called "Production Reproduction Antagonism" The Pernarec farm located in the western part of Pilsen region in the Czech Republic avoided this problem. This farm is used as an example to present the contemporary options in the control of reproduction in dairy farming and reproductive parameters. Data were gathered at the Pernarec farm, owned and operated by Úněšovský statek, a. s. All of them were provided by the above mentioned, collected from their zootechnical records and processed at Pernarec farm using PC Dart program. This work contains a visual representation of timetables of the most common synchronization protocols. Conception rate by services triggered by pedometers (natural heat) was 33%. Synchronization program Double Ovsynch had 58% rate of success when used for the first insemination while OvSynch used for the following ones displayed 47% rate of success. Cidr Synch used for repeatedly non-cycling dairy cows had 33% rate of success. Next to the conception rate, pregnancy rate was also monitored. Pregnancy rate achieved 30% in 2018, while year's production being 12173 kg. Key words: Holstein cattle, reproduction, synchronization protocols, dairy cow
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Problematika dojicích robotů DeLaval
ŠVEC, Tomáš
The content of this thesis is focused on the performance evaluation of the DeLaval milking robot in the selected stable. For this work was chosen the family farm stable of Mr. Šítal in the village Mojné. Selected parameters of milking robotic were monitored from 19.9.2018 to 18.3.2019 and on the base of these parameters was evaluated efficiency of the equipment. In this time were followed numbers of milked cows per 24 hours, the average numbers of milking on one cow, the average milking time and daily milk utility. In the selected stable were in a half-year time milked averagely 44 cows with frequency 2,62 utilizations the milking robot per day. The milking took averagely 7 minutes and 40 seconds. Milking utilization was 30,70 liters on one cow per day and total milk herd was 1353,01 liters of milk per day.
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Složení a kvalita objemných krmiv ve vztahu k ekonomice výroby mléka
JANATA, Martin
The theoretical and practical part was elaborated in the bachelor work on the composition and quality of bulky feedingstuffs in relation to the milk production economy. I worked at JINOS - AGRO with limited liability company, which is engaged in breeding of Holstein cattle. The theoretical part deals generally with breeding of dairy cattle, welfar of animals, milk, lactation, bulk and nuclear feed. In the practical part, I evaluated the annual yields, the composition of feed rations, the analysis of maize silage, the analysis of clover-grass silage and their influence on the performance of dairy cows. At the end of the work I made an economic evaluation of the milk production in the selected company. The work evaluated the data, which were obtained in 2014 - 2016.
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Analýza rozdojování u plemenic skotu
DIDIOVÁ, Marie
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to compare the results of the period of dairy culling of the Holstein cattle and Czech Pied cattle kept under the same conditions in relation to the reproduction indicators. The evaluation was carried out from the control of the performance of dairy cows at the farm Mojné in southern Bohemia, near Český Krumlov.
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Analýza stáda skotu mléčného užitkového typu v podmínkách ekologického zemědělství
VACEK, David
The aim of this thesis was to analyse the situation in the breeding of dairy breed Holstein cattle reared on the farm in the organic farming system. The work was focused on the milk production of dairy cows on reproduction parameters and on the influences affecting these parameters. The followed period included the year 2016. In the evaluation we included 53 heads, dams of Holstein breed and their hybrids. The length of the intervening period was assessed in 43 dams, the average length amounted 428.5 days. The structure of the herd by year of dams' birth formed from 20.75 % dams was born in the year of 2013. At the first calving were dairy cows the entire herd average age 30.4 months. According to the lactation most dairy cows on 2nd lactation, i.e. 24.53 %, at least then 10th lactation, i.e. 1.88 %. The average milk yield per cow per day was greatest in the month of May and 24.5 kg and lowest in the month of November and that of 15.3 kg. The average milk yield per day was 20.96 kg of milk and the annual was 6392.8 kg of milk. The average fat content in milk was 4.03% and the average protein content was 3.36 % in the milk from all the cows. Average number of somatic cells was 152500 in 1 ml of milk and the average total number of microorganisms was 21830 micro-organisms in 1 ml of milk.
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Vyhodnocení reprodukčních ukazatelů ve vybraném chovu dojnic v ZOD "Podhradí" Choustník
NEZBEDOVÁ, Marie
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate chosen influences on the extent of reproduction of randomly chosen milk cows that are bred in the same conditions. The chosen influences such as breed, age of the first calving, time of year of calving and level of yield were observed within breeds of Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein cattle. Evaluation was carried out in ZOD "Podhradí" Choustník company, specifically in Budislav farm. 191 cows were chosen for the basic sample. 95 of them were Holstein cattle and 96 were Czech mottled cattle. Chosen influences were evaluated according to data gained from the set of milk yield inspections. A statistically significant difference was observed between Czech ticks and Holstein cows in the length of service period per second and first lactation where Holstein cows have a second lactation period longer than 44 days (P <0.001). Evaluation of first calving age did not show any influence on the level of reproduction neither within Czech Fleckvieh nor within Holstein cattle. During the annual evaluation, it emerged that Holstein cows calved in spring and winter have significantly bigger insemination interval compared to cows that were calved during summer or autumn. This fact was also proven by correlation analysis. This analysis also confirmed the relation between annual period and insemination interval Rxy=0,21(P<0,05). The correlation analysis also proved the relation between annual period and service period as well as interim of Czech Fleckvieh cattle Rxy= 0,327 (P<0,01). Statistically significant influence was not proven within Holstein cattle. Correlation analysis only pointed out the relation between yield and service period Rxy=0,213 (P<0,05). Unlike Holstein cattle, gradual increase of service period figures and interim depending on yield was noticed. Breeding cows milking more that 7,5 thousand kg of milk per lactation had service period of 132 days (P<0,01) and interim 407 days (P<0,01). Economical losses caused by prolonged interim during monitored herd of cattle reached 400.490 CZK in year of 2016.
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