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Vývoj příjmových nerovností v zemích V4
Borzov, Mikhail
Bc. Borzov, M., Income Inequality Development in V4 Countries. Bachelor's thesis. Brno: Mendel University in Brno, 2023. The bachelor's thesis titled "Income Inequality Development in V4 Countries" deals with the identification of relevant factors that affect the development of income inequality in individual countries of the Visegrad Group during the period of 2004-2020. The theoretical part of the thesis provides an up-to-date overview of studies dealing with income inequality issues. This part of the thesis analyzes theoretical concepts and various approaches currently used to explain income inequality. The empirical part of the thesis focuses on conducting a correlation and regression analysis to identify specific factors that influence income inequality. The results of the regression analysis show that among the significant factors are unemployment, globalization, industrial structure, its added value, and other factors. These results suggest that changes in these factors may have a significant impact on income inequality in V4 countries.
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The impact of government expenditure on economic growth in Kenya
Gitonga, Betty Muthoni
This thesis sought to understand the effect of government expenditure on economic growth in Kenya. The thesis was anchored by the theories of economic growth. Government expenditure was disaggregated into government investment and government consumption spending. The estimation also included control variables that determine economic growth these were labour force participation rate which captured labour, investment which captures the level of capital in the economy, inflation which indicates the macroeconomic conditions, gross secondary school enrolment to indicate the human capital, and political instability which indicates the institutional quality. The analysis was done using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL). The thesis period was 1980 – 2022. In both the short-run and the long-run government consumption was found to have an insignificant effect on economic growth. Government investment was found to have a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth in both the short-run and long-run. Investment had a positive and significant effect in both the short-run and long-run. In the short-run, the second lag of labour had a negative and statistically significant effect while in the long-run, the effect on economic growth was positive and statistically significant. Inflation was found to have a negative and statistically significant effect on economic growth both in the short-run and long-run. Political stability and human capital had an insignificant effect on economic growth both in the short-run and long-run during the period of the study.
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Vliv investic do dálniční infrastruktury na socioekonomické ukazatele vybraného regionu
Kučera, Štěpán
Kučera, Š. The impact of state investments in highway infrastructure on socio-economic indicators of a selected region. Master thesis. Brno: Mendel University in Brno, 2023. The thesis focuses on the identification of the impact of state investments in highway infrastructure on selected socio-economic indicators. The variables examined include unemployment rate, number of companies by number of employees, housing construction and total population growth. The thesis focuses on the assessment of the impact of the implementation of the D1 highway section, which connects the capital city of Prague and the regional city of Hradec Králové. Based on theoretical assumptions, the thesis uses a difference-in-differences method, which is combined with a synthetic control method with panel regression techniques. The empirical analysis focuses on assessing the impact of highway construction on the dynamics of selected socio-economic indicators within the region, which includes six municipalities with extended jurisdiction, and data are examined with an annual frequency from 2002 to 2021. The results suggest that the implementation of highway infrastructure as part of state investment does not automatically confer a competitive advantage and economic growth, as would be expected from initial assumptions.
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The impact of foreign direct investments on economic growth: the case of Ghana
Tetteh, Mavis
This thesis seeks to investigates the effects of FDI on the Ghana’s gross domestic product advancement. The study applied the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model using data from the World Bank from 1990 to 2021. The Johansen cointegration test indicated a prolong persistent association between the variables. The Collinearity test using the BKW indicates no existence of perfect combination of the explanatory variables. However, the empirical findings displayed that in the long run FDI had no significant effect on the GDP expansion in Ghana whereas there was a positive short-term influence. The study entreats the government and GIPC to continue to strengthen the measures that help to attract FDIs to Ghana and focus on creating a enabling environment for these investments to strive and yield positive economic growth impact in the long run as well.
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Vliv přímých zahraničních investic (FDI) na strukturu a zahraniční obchod ghanské ekonomiky
Yeboah, Evans
This thesis explores the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on Ghana's economy and foreign trade using a multivariate time series approach. The study analyzes data from 1984-2020, employing techniques such as the Johansen coin-tegration test, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and Granger causality test. The results suggest that FDI has a positive relationship with the agriculture and service sectors, but a negative effect on manufacturing. In contrast, imports have a positive relationship with agriculture and service sectors, but a negative effect on manufacturing. Export has a negative effect on agriculture and service sectors, but a positive impact on manufacturing. The Johansen test shows a positive relationship between FDI and exports and a negative relationship between FDI and imports. The study also suggests that FDI and exports positively impact economic growth, while imports harm it. The VECM analysis shows a long-run interdependency among agriculture, manufacturing, services, FDI, exports, and imports. The Granger causality test reveals a unidirectional short-term relationship between agriculture and service sectors and explanatory variables (FDI, exports, and imports), but no short-term causality between manufacturing and FDI, exports, and imports. The study recommends that Ghana's government should focus on FDI and exports to boost economic growth.
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Foreign aid and the economy of Guinea
Bayo, Mamadou Sanoussy
The study explores the oversea aids-led economic growth hypothesis; while controlling for trade openness and infrastructure development policies. The data sources for the study come from the world bank annual report and time frame for the study is from 1992 down to 2019. Analysis of Augment dicker fuller test affirmed that the policy variables in time series are non-stationary at level; but stationary at first difference. In addition, analysis of Johannsen cointegration approach affirmed that all the policy variables in times series coexist in the long run or term and Ordinary Least Square is utilized to perform the empirical data analysis. After the empirical analysis, result goes to indicate that the oversea aids have a negative and significant association with the economic growth and the infrastructure development has a negative and insignificant association with the output growth. In addition, the trade openness has a positive and significant association with the productivity growth
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Výdaje na výzkum a vývoj a ekonomický růst
Danyś, Ondřej
Danyś, O. Research and Development Expenditures and Economic Growth. Bachelor thesis. Brno: Mendel University in Brno, 2023. The bachelor's thesis examines the relationship between R&D spending and economic growth with a focus on government spending. The goal of the work is fulfilled thanks to panel regression analysis. The theoretical part shows the reasons why these expenses should lead to economic growth and contributes to the creation of the model in the empirical part. In the empirical part, a panel regression analysis is performed based on data from selected OECD countries. The period chosen for this analysis is between 2000-2020. The results of this regression indicated a positive effect of both total and government R&D expenditures on economic growth.
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Vplyv ekonomického vývoja na emisie skleníkových plynov v EÚ
Muchaničová, Júlia
Muchaničová, J. Influence of economic performance on greenhouse gas emissions in EU. Thesis. Brno: Mendel university in Brno, 2023. The diploma thesis focuses on the identification of economic determinants, which influence CO2 emissions and thus also on the fulfillment of the relevant goals of sustainable development. The analysis is created through indicators such as gross domestic product per capita, energy consumption, crude oil prices and foreign trade. The first part of the work deals with an overview of the literature on the given topic. The issue of sustainable development and the relationship between economic growth and the quality of the environment is summarized. The empirical part consists of three chapters. A general model, the Environmental Kuznets Curve model, and also will be created the analysis of the lag of economic growth on the environment.
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The impact of public debt on Ghana's economic growth
Ansah, Ebenezer Yaw
ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH Using the Ordinary Least Square Technique, the research investigated the impact of public debt on economic growth in Ghana from 1980 to 2022. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) technique was also employed in the study to assess time series data stationarity. The time series plot was used in the study to assess the patterns in public debt and economic growth. To examine the impact of public debt on economic growth, the Ordinary Least Squares Method was utilized. The research showed a significant negative relationship between public debt and economic growth (GDP) across the study period. This suggests that the Ghanaian economy's sluggish growth is primarily due to the government's huge amounts of debt. Internal revenues that could have been used to propel expansion and growth are diverted to debt servicing both internally and outside. This has a rippling effect on the economy, and it is a major issue that the country should be able to look at and devise inventive methods for generating revenues while reducing excessive government expenditure. Over the years, government of Ghana has maintained a budget deficit and had to borrow to pay the salary of public sector workers. This is due to a lack of adequate fiscal policy to regulate policymakers' operations and spending habits. The country is also not coming up with new ways to generate revenue.
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