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Investigative CT algorithms for the early diagnosis of ischemic brain lesions
VOHNOUTOVÁ, Markéta
Stroke is the second most often cause of death in the Czech Republic after heart attack. It is not to say that older people are afflicted in particular. In the last period of ten years there are more often cases of stroke and ictus for people at the age of 40. The aim of this bachelor work is processing of knowledge acquisition in summary. The main point of this work is to evaluate the asset of new software programmes of multidetector computed tomography during early diagnostic of sudden strokes. In part of Present state there are following terms described in detail. It is etiology, aethiopathogenesis, risk factors of stroke. The next part is centred on anatomy of brain vascular supply and computed tomography Nowadays, software programmes have been improved enough for early diagnostics of ischaemic brain lesion. It is caused with continual improvement of diagnostic imaging and its digitalization. In many medical fields it has been spoken about new field of imaging - digital radiography. The computed tomography represents star part in the diagnostics, scanning of non-enhanced brain is the first period of the diagnostics, this algorithm shows us if it concerns haemorrhage or non-haemorrhage centre, continuing perfusion of brain which represents chat percent of tissue is damaged forever and it is finished with diagnostic process Angiography. The following part is focused on processing of data acquisition from České Budějovice Hospital, Inc. and Masaryk Municipal Hospital in Jilemnice. In these hospitals there are the numbers of patients examined CT compared. My hypotesis is confirmed and I can say that usage of new software programmes for early diagnostic of sudden strokes reduces per cent of complications during their cure.
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Demands on radiology assistants at three-dimension visualization
ČECH, Svatopluk
Fast development of three-dimension visualization in radiology relates to more sophisticated diagnostic machines, with the development of computer technology and digitizing. Increasing demands on radiology assistants in operating programs of reconstruction images increase the importance of their position at modern radiology workplace. Three-dimension images offer exact and undistorted images of patient's anatomy, they give better diagnostic information for physicians - radiologists and more objective imagination for physicians - clinicians. They find the application in a number of examinations in skiagraphy, angiography, computer tomography, magnetic resonance and ultrasonography. We can say that three-dimension visualization substitutes other examination which are invasive and represent certain complications for a patient. The question is whether some three-dimension examination can reduce radiation load of a patient. We can suppose that digital imaging methods will be part of near future and three-dimension visualization and further development of computer technique will acquire still more impact in diagnostic of many diseases.
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Methods of Visualization for Diagnostic Aneurysmats Abdominal Aorta
SEDLÁČKOVÁ, Eva
Abstract Methods of Visualization for Diagnostic Aneurysmats Abdominal Aorta The subject of my work is to define frequency of individual methods of vizualization which are used to diagnostic aneurysmats abdominal aorta. The work contains also a research which enabled me to get a view of the role of radiographics at work. The questionnaire which should have found out the role of radiographics during CT and MR angiography, the instrumentaion of the individual working places and some technical parameters passed through at first. The obtained data were worked up two ways and the questionnaire was analysed. The second part of my work was to define the frequency of single methods of vizualization for a certain collection of patients. With the help of data, which were obtained from the system PACS in Nemocnice Na Homolce, the frequency of examinations with ultrasound, angiography, CT and MR angiography was defined. The definition of the radiation loading, which the patients from the collection during CT angiography were screened, followed. I also dealt with the estimate of the radiation loading of each patient during diagnostic angiography. Publications refering to this subject, the questionnaire, the data obtained from PACS and from the operation log of Nemocnice Na Homolce were the main sources to process the information. The method which is used the most frequently to diagnose aneurysmats abdominal aorta is CT angiography with the intravenous application of the contrast medium. Ultrasound is another significant method. It is clear from the questionnaire that responsibilities of radiographics are nearly the same at every working place. My work could be used as studying material for trainers.
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Diagnosis and endovascular treatment of iliac and femoropopliteal occlusive disease
PĚČKOVÁ, Kristýna
The occlusion disorder in the area pelvic and femoral arteries should be for the patient fatal health complication. Therefore it is important know all risks, which should go before, know the disorder and last but not least is a crucial chapter diagnostics and in final phase treatment. I chose this subject, with the view of give to pertinent readers all above - mentioned information on those problems. For diagnostics of occlusion disorder we use imaging radiodiagnostic methods. For spatial display were developed method of spiral CT angiography ( CTA ), magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA ), a modification of classical angiography {--} digital subtraction angiography ( DSA ) and ultrasonografi (UZ). UZ is part of the basic investigate method of his noninvazive. Spiral CTA is method, which is based on two and three dimensional display using special programmes. Display magnetic resonance is noninvasive examination procedure and is derived from classical nuclear MR. MRA is once from possible examination practice which serves complex information on relation surrounding weaving to vessels and haemodynamic blood flow. DSA allows observation of flow vessels and by the help of digitizing image its graphical processing. Medication of okluziv disorder areas saucepan s and femur s arterys including percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( PTA ) and implantation stent.
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Function of radiographer at embolization procedure
KŘÍŽOVÁ, Pavlína
As a radiographer can be regarded an educated health worker who is prepared to perform demanding work in medical branches. One of them is radiology and its important subspecialty, interventional radiology, where they perform a very responsible work. They communicate with patients, cooperate with medical personnel and operate a complex angiographic apparatus. Therefore it is essential for them to have finished a profes-sional training and to possess the required qualities. A person becomes a radiographer after they have completed a specialised educational programme, which can nowadays be studied at a college and it is completed by achieving a title Bc. (written before the na-me). During the studies they acquire proficiency and competence in the field of radiology which is needed for the experience in the interventional radiology working place. During both theoretical and practical education skills in the field of technical equipment (angiography equipment) and required IT technologies (HIS, PACS) are mastered, as well as the anatomic orientation in examinated area. They learn the latest procedure in the embolization techniques from the medical personnel, orientate themselves in the instrumentarium. Moreover, they are accustomed to the contrasting materials and their undesirable reactions to them. If needed, they are fully able to give the first aid.In addi-tion to that, a non-medical personell who participate in carrying out the embolizations should possess following qualities: communication skills - proficient cooperation with the medical personnel and the patients, empathy - patient awareness, ability to handle stressful situations. Working with an ill person demands a psochologically accurate individual approach and strict following of the medical ethic principles. Embolization is a way of occluding (closing) one or more blood vessels that are doing more harm than good. Various materials may be used, depending on whether vessel occlusion is to be temporary or permanent, or whether large or small vessels are being treated. The material is passed through a catheter with its tip lying in or near the vessel to be closed. This approach can be used to control or prevent abnormal bleeding as well as shut down the vessels that support a growing tumor. Therapeutic embolization may also serve to eliminate an arteriovenous malformation (AVM), an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein. The term "embolization" derives from embolus, which can be any object that circulates in the bloodstream until it lodges in a blood vesel - in this case, a synthetic material or medication specially designed to occlude the blood vessels.
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Present possibilities of using X-ray technology for examination of urology diseases
PODEŠVOVÁ, Jitka
Imaging methods play an essential role in the diagnostic algorithm by determining the disease character in any part of the human body. The same applies to uroradiology where we use both standard methods and recent modalities. In the opening part this theses I mention anatomical and physiological aspects of the urinary tract and describe conventional radiology methods, digitally processible (ultasonography, computer tomography, megnetic resonance) and interventional. Individual examination methods contain comments related to indication and contra-indication when applying a contrast agent and how to prevent allergic reactions, or possibly how to mange them if they have already occurred. In the following part of thesis I try to describe and evaluate costs of each examination. After a brief summary of radiating load in radiology methods I try to work out statistically a patient file examined on x-ray department in the Krnov´s hospital in October and November 2006 where I monitored whether urologists observe the algorithm of examination methods at patients with urological diseases.
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