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Observation of non invasive and invasive screening cerebral vessels from the radiologic assistants view.
NOVOTNÁ, Dana
The subject my thesis was ? Observation of non invasive and invasive screening cerebral vessels from the radiologic assistants view". In the theoretical parts I explore the disorder of blood - vessel in cerebral occurrence (CMP) and its diagnosis. It is about the acute illness caused by closure of some of the cerebral arteries and resulting in vapidity brain (ischemic) or bleeding to the brain (haemorrhage). It ranks among the most frequent causes death in developed countries. The practical part includes research of usage non invasive and invasive depict methods in brain and cerebral vessels diagnostics. I processed quantitatively the statistical data which I gained from the Radio-diagnostic Ward in hospital in Ceske Budejovice. The result of this emerges from superiority of non-invasive screening above invasive one. In the non- invasive depict methods in diagnosis of CMP most often uses computation tomography (68 %), which for a certainty will distinguish ischemic from haemorrhage. Magnetic resonance (7 %) is more sensitive method at ischemic diagnostics. Another method is the ultra-sonography (13 %), in which we can assess the level of stenos/occlusion screened vessel. As the only vice invasive methods is catetrizac angiography (12 %), which is considered as the golden standard in displaying the blood - vessel bed. Its advantage is the possibility to join endovascular intervention. The next aim was to compare the role of radiologic assistant during single screening. It was necessary to find common point in practical activities of the radiologic assistant at both types o screening and to show the differences in specific substance and the work demands.
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Multiparametric Data Collection of Animal Tissues in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Marcon, P. ; Bartušek, Karel
In this article a magnetic resonance multiparametric data collection is described. The spin echo and the gradient echo sequences for magnetic resonance measurement were used. Images obtained by a nuclear magnetic resonance tomographare proton density, longitudinal relaxation time T-1, transversal relaxation time T-2 and magnetic susceptibility weighted. As a measured sample chicken wing was used. Several parameters as a maximal value, minimal value, mean value and standard deviation were evaluated in skin, fat, muscle, bone and bone marrow tissues. Obtained data could be used for multiparametric analysis and for image segmentation.
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Computer processing of tomography data
KONEČNÝ, Jan
Computer processing of tomography data Tomographs are one of the most important diagnostic devices, which are used in every hospital nowadays; they have already been so for a considerable period of time. The different types of tomographs and the processing of tomographic data and imaging of these data are the subject of this thesis. I have described the four most common types of tomography: X-ray Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography. This thesis has described the basic principles of these devices, their technical parameters, their use and also different data formats, which are used for tomographic data. The practical part of my thesis is involved with software for viewing and processing of tomographic data. It specifically concerns freely available viewers such as MRIcro, ezDICOM, Amide, ImageJ and Gpetview. Their main functions and their pros and cons have also been described therein. The last part of my thesis has been devoted to SPM software that is used for an advanced processing of 3D tomographic data from PET, VBM and MRI as well as EEG and MEG imaging techniques. I have described these features and also those individual steps that are taken during the processing of particular sample data that has been taken from examinations on functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. This thesis is addressed to all, those who want to learn more about tomographic data processing and mainly it should serve as an overview of free software for processing and viewing of these data.
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Comparison of diagnostic yield of different MRI protocols and PET in relation to time an finance demands in patients with temporal epilepsy
FILÍPKOVÁ, Brigita
This Thesis called Comparison of diagnostic yield of different MRI protocols and PET in relation to time and finance demands in patients with temporal epilepsy deals with time and economic aspects of diagnostics of pharmacoresistant temporal epilepsies. Temporal epilepsies are the most frequent focal epilepsies (up to 85 %) and pharmacologic control is only successful in about 25 % cases. On the other hand it is the best type of epilepsy to be solved surgically. Timely and precise diagnostics enables a timely surgical intervention. The time and economic demands increase the same way as the demands for technical staff. The Thesis was aimed at finding a protocol advantageous in terms of both, time and cost saving, maintaining the diagnostic yield in comparison of two neuroimaging methods - functional (PET) and morphological (MR), where we also compared two protocols for brain examination - a standard one and a special epileptological one. Methodology: A retrospective study of 44 patients with clinically confirmed focal epilepsy examined by MR and PET, who underwent a microsurgical intervention and have been without fits since then. We compared the individual protocols on MR - standard (sequence T2/PD tse tra, FLAIR tra, T2* tra and T1 se sag) and epileptological (extended by 3DT1 ge, T2 tse fs cor and FLAIR cor) in terms of possible diagnostics (examination read by an experienced radiologist) and evaluated their time and cost demands. We also evaluated a PET examination, which is performed by one protocol, the same way. The results demonstrate the difference in examination time and costs between the standard and the epileptological protocols on MR and between the MR and PET methods. There are also results of reading MR and PET images and their correlates presented there. We may conclude that the epileptological protocol on MR cannot be substituted by a standard protocol. Time may be saved by better organization of work or by suitable adjustment of parameters of the individual sequences maintaining sufficient MR image quality. We are also convinced that both the methods, MR and PET are important for safe diagnosis. Cost saving is impossible in pre-operation diagnostics.
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Diagnostic imaging methods in children with disorders of the lower urinary tract
VOLMANOVÁ, Martina
A large part of the population of all age groups suffers from the lower urinary tract diseases. The most reliable imaging methods proving the possible pathology not only in the field of urology are methods joint with the ionizing radiation. However this method has a negative impact on the human organism, especially in view of the ability of reproduction and possibility of tumorous disease occurrence. An especially risky group are patients of children´s age, on whom I concentrated in this thesis. Since the birth, various diseases of excretory system appear in children´s age group. Very frequent are urinary tract infections leading to the vesicoureteral reflux. In chapters of this thesis the methods are analyzed which could be taken in consideration for the diagnostics of the vesicoureteral reflux. The most frequently applied methods, i.e. X-ray methods and methods without ionizing radiation, which are the most suitable ones thanks to the absence of radiation load are compared here. The target of this thesis was to summarise the knowledge concerning the voiding cystourethrography in comparison with the methods without ionising radiation, i.e. the magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography, to define the diagnostic possibilities of the methods without ionising radiation and to recommend the way of their application. Moreover, I evaluated the work of radiological assistant during applying these methods. I performed an examination in the Radiological Department of the Hospital of České Budějovice a.s., where I collected the information concerning the diagnostics of the lower urinary tract and how the individual methods are applied. In 2009, 116 voiding cystourethrographies were performed here on 58 girls and 46 boys in the age ranging from 1 week to 18 years incl.. The most voiding cystourethrographies were performed on children up to 1 year of age. The same number of ultrasonographic examinations was performed, however, only as control examination after the voiding cystourethrography. The examination by means of the magnetic resonance imaging is not performed at all. During 116 examinations by the voiding cystourethrography, 42,3% pathologic findings were discovered, in the most cases vesicoureteral reflux. The activity of the radiological assistant was necessary only during the voiding cystourethrography. After examination of the individual methods I can conclude that the X-ray voiding cystourethrography is unambiguously the {\clqq}golden``, i.e. most common standard in the diagnostics of the vesicoureteral reflux and further pathologic phenomena causing the lower urinary tract diseases.
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The role of radiographer during MR angiography
ZBĚHLÍKOVÁ, Pavla
The role of radiographer during MR angiography Objectives: The thesis and the tutorial CD provide information on the magnetic resonance angiography {--} MRA. Due to upgraded hardware and software and the non-invasive character of the examination the method is currently the most common form of the imaging of flowing blood in vessels. It is essential for a radiographer to acquire comprehensive knowledge of the basic principles and techniques of MRA. The objective of my thesis was to find out if the method can be used not only for a high-quality imaging of the arteries but also for subsequent therapeutical procedures. Methodology: The research was conducted with 106 patients (66 men and 40 women) whose lower limb arteries had been tested by MRA between 1 January and 31 December 2007 at the Multiscan RC Pardubice. I determined the number of patients who had undergone a therapeutical procedure after the MRA test (operations on arteries, percutaneous transluminal angioplastics) and assessed to what degree the MRA examination had been sufficient for the surgery. Results: In 91 % out of 46 patients indicated for therapeutical procedures the results obtained by MRA enabled other treatment or a surgical procedure. Only in 9 % patients the results obtained by MRA were not sufficient for other medical treatment and suplementary examinations such as the diagnostic digital subtraction angiography were necessary. Conclusions: MRA is a non-invasive medical diagnostic technique to visualize the blood in vessels which provide satisfactory accuracy without exposing the patient to any ionizing radiation. The results are used for other treatments. Radiographers who master the MRA techniques avoid mistakes that might devalue the test. Key words: digital subtraction angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, percutaneous transluminal angioplastics, radiographer {--} radiologic technologist.
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Indications of individual imaging femoropatellar joint investigations
KOLÁŘ, Jiří
The main theme of this bachelor work is to evaluate the indication of single imaging methods for examinations in the area of the patellofemoral joint. The work contains shortly summarized anatomy-physiology conditions in this area, including anatomy variations of the patella and the patellofemoral joint pathology. The work continues with a description of single indicated imaging methods. The basic is a skiagraphy examination, every single projection is described in details, including a historical overview of the axial patella projection. Other methods which are mentioned are the artrography, the magnetic resonance imaging, the computed tomography and the scintigraphy. Issues of contraindications and risks for patients related to examinations are mentioned, too. A level of suitability how to use other examination methods, especially MRI, is considered on a chosen patient sample. At first plain pictures were done, some patients undertook ultrasonography examination and finally a magnetic resonance imaging examination was indicated. The computed tomography and the scintigraphy are not usually used for patellofemoral joint indications. The author compares financial and time demands of each method. The cheapest seem to be plain pictures and the sonography, on the other hand the most expensive is the magnetic resonance imaging, which is also the best way in the diagnostics at the same time. The magnetic resonance imaging method is the most contributory for a valuation of cartilages and tender joint parts. The time demands make a part of the comparison, too.
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The role of individual imaging methods in neuroradiology - development, the use and limitations
PEKÁREK, Vlastimil
Neuroradiology is the branch of radiodiagnostics dealing with the diagnosis of brain and spinal cord diseases. Morphological methods as X-rays, CT, MRI, ultrasound, DSA are emloyed. Recently examination procedure have made a rapid development. Some methods once frequently used were put down. Other methods were abandoned as they were invasive, demanding and diagnostically less efficient. They were replaced by new methods that are diagnostcally more precise, patient friendly and recently available qite well. These are primarily CT and MRI that dominate in diagnostic imaging of central nervous system.
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The thoracic and lumbar spine injury - role of imaging modalities in diagnostic and therapy
DOLEŽALOVÁ, Martina
This article provides information about thoracic and lumbar spine injury with reflection to the role of radiologic assistants. Spine injury belongs to the most serious injuries and its incidence is rising. These injuries are diagnosed using imaging methods like plain X-ray, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Radiologic assistant himself is the person, who is responsible for the correct examination. If these injuries are treated surgically, radiologic assistant meets them at operating theatres too. Here the assistant manipulates with fluoroscopy machines and helps the operator with procedure navigation. Important is that the radiologic assistant should know all the steps of each procedure and should take care of radiation protection. If the procedure is done inadequately, the patient can be misdiagnosed and the radiation dose for him and for the staff may be increased. Since 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2006, 84 patients (48 women, 36 men) were hospitalised at the Neurosurgery departement of University Hospital Hradec Králové under diagnosis of thoracic or lumbar spine fracture. The age, frequency of vertebral fractures in thoracic and lumbar region and percentual use of various therapeutic methods are noted. But the most important aim of the study are imaging methods used in these patients and mistakes done during these examinations.
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Měření magnetické susceptibility metodou MRI
Steinbauer, M. ; Bartušek, Karel ; Fiala, P.
A magnetic resonance imaging method is described for measuring the magnetic susceptibility ofweakly magnetic materials giving no MR signál. Method is based on MR gradient echo imaging phase signál, using its independency on T, time. The results obtained by Finite element method (FEM) modeling as well as data measured by MRI are introduced.
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