|
|
Monitoring of the occupational radiation exposure at Temelín nuclear power plant
CUPALOVÁ, Klára
This work deals with occupational professional exposures at Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. The introductory part is devoted to types of ionising radiation participating on radiation load of workers, values and units and to the essential legislation requests associated with individual monitoring. In the following part characteristics of methods used to measure individual doses of external exposures like film dosimetry, thermoluminescent do-simetry, radio-photoluminescent dosimetry and electronic dosimetry are described. For assessment of the committed effective dose from the internal exposures in vivo moni-toring or indirect measuring were used. The possibilities of the occupational dose optimisation were discussed Results of individual monitoring in 2005 and 2006 and layout of monitoring program are presented in this work. The new monitoring program is based on the active personal dosimeters (EPDs) rather than on the passive ones and covers the period of transformation between them. With respect to the passive dosimeters, EPDs offer some advantages which on one hand contribute to a better exposure control and on the other hand foster the development of a sound culture in radiation protection due to direct feedback of dose information.
|
|
|
Protection of workers, inhabitants and environment during mining and processing of uranium ore
PILECKÁ, Eliška
In the Czech republic uranium had been mined in Jáchymov (till 1967), near Příbram (1948 {--} 1991), in Okrouhlá Radouň in the south of Bohemia (1972 {--} 1990), near Vítkov in the west of Bohemia (till 1991), in Zadní Chodov (till 1992), in Dyleň (till 1994), in Hamr and Křížany near Stráž under Ralsko (till 1990), in Zálesí in Rychlebské Mountain and in many other locations. The mining of uranium influenced in considerable way health and quality of miners´ lives, and also lives of their relatives and up to now it still influencing quality of lives of people living near mining locations. Above all the uranium industry made irreparable changes in our country and the leftovers are up to now influencing the quality of our environment. That´s why there is a must to pay special attention to this area. Nowadays in the Czech republic there is registered around 3768 old uranium mines, out of it there is 2523 mining cannons which are obliged to be regularly controlled. The negative influences are marked as old burdens of already eliminated mining or modificating act on our environment or in some other way threatening public interests. According to the character of negative expression we distinguish mining burdens, it means negative influence of mining activity on stableness of the surface, and ecological burdens, it means negative influence on our environment. In my opinion a matter of uranium industry is very rarely known to the wide public. The main reason why is it like this can be the fact that in the period of main expansion of uranium industry in the Czech republic all the information connected to the research, mining or maintaining of uranium, were top secret. The second reason can be no existence of complete source of information that could be used for study purposes and the same time for informing general public. That is why this study should purvey such source.
|
|
|
The thoracic and lumbar spine injury - role of imaging modalities in diagnostic and therapy
DOLEŽALOVÁ, Martina
This article provides information about thoracic and lumbar spine injury with reflection to the role of radiologic assistants. Spine injury belongs to the most serious injuries and its incidence is rising. These injuries are diagnosed using imaging methods like plain X-ray, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Radiologic assistant himself is the person, who is responsible for the correct examination. If these injuries are treated surgically, radiologic assistant meets them at operating theatres too. Here the assistant manipulates with fluoroscopy machines and helps the operator with procedure navigation. Important is that the radiologic assistant should know all the steps of each procedure and should take care of radiation protection. If the procedure is done inadequately, the patient can be misdiagnosed and the radiation dose for him and for the staff may be increased. Since 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2006, 84 patients (48 women, 36 men) were hospitalised at the Neurosurgery departement of University Hospital Hradec Králové under diagnosis of thoracic or lumbar spine fracture. The age, frequency of vertebral fractures in thoracic and lumbar region and percentual use of various therapeutic methods are noted. But the most important aim of the study are imaging methods used in these patients and mistakes done during these examinations.
|
guest ::
