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Opinions of some Experts on Euthanasia
ŠTĚRBOVÁ, Lada
The theme of this bachelor's thesis is euthanasia. This theme is very complicated and attends mankind practically since its genesis. Euthanasia has been rather often discussed in mass media lately. From time to time, a scanadalous case appears and divides the society. There was a recent case of Eluana Englar from Italy or Terri Schiav. Of course, these are not only isolated cases in the world but is their solution right or moral? The point of view really matters here. For example, in the case of Eluana Englar, the Italian prime minister's opinion on the patient's death was absolutely different from the Italian president's verdict. The president, on the contrary, enforced her death, at the request of Eluana's husband. There are many terminally ill and dying patients in the world. Their right to the free decision has already been respected in some countries. The acceptance of some forms of euthanasia is passionately discussed in some other countries. The Czech Republic is one of such countries. There was an enourmous discussion about the legalisation of euthanasia in the Czech Republic in 2008. Václava Domšová, a Czech senator, introduced a bill to legalise euthanasia in the Czech Republic before Czech parliament. Her bill was not passed then, but I suppose, it will not last long and this bill will be introduced by someone else. The issue of euthanasia disconcerts perhaps everybody in all civilized countries in the world. Euthanasia law was already passed in the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, the state of Washinghton and Oregon. The pro-euthanasia movement, as well as the anti-euthanasia movement are active almost in all countries in the world. Both the opponents and supporters of euthanasia have their own arguments. These arguments, together with opinions of doctors, sociologists, politicians an are mentioned in this thesis. The thesis presents arguments for and against the legalisation of euthanasia. For example, the right to patients' free decision speaks in favour of euthanasia. Proponents of euthanasia rights claim, that everyone has a right to decide about their health and life. For that reason, it is necessary to respect their wish. Another argument mentions lasting pain during the terminal stage of a disease, as well as suffering of a dying patient. Some specialists' articles claim, that euthanasia is commonly performed in our country nowadays, but only on the basis of doctors' decision. Therefore, it is necessary to legalise euthanasia law, which would specify application rules of a reguest for euthanasia. These rules should specify the conditions for euthanasia applicants. The applicants must be terminally ill, in the terminal stage of a disease and must suffer from lasting pains. They must apply in written and repeatedly. The application should be notarially authentic and filed in patient's health record. The application should also be revocable. A medical commission should examine the application and declare, if the patient complies with all the given requirements. The decision about euthanasia should also include the psychiatrist's opinion. The arguments against the legalisation of euthanasia express the possiblity of misuse euthanasia against the aged and the sick. They refer to the Dutch model, in which provably not only people with unbearable pains die. Also lives of the patients who suffer more mentally than physically are ended there. Another argument speaks about the success of lenitive medicine in the field of pain supression. The development of this medical discipline could mean a large shift in the issue of euthanasia. According to specialists, if a patient doesn't feel pain, he or she never requests for euthanasia. Another argument mentions the influence of patient's health and mental state on his or her decision. The main symptom of people in depression is their desire to die.
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Euthanasia in the Czech Republic and Switzerland
CHERLOTTE, Petra
The thesis deals with euthanasia in the Czech Republic and in Switzerland. It analyses the health system in these countries and the quality of palliative care there. It concerns with the Act on Public Services and focuses on euthanasia from the Czech legislative point of view. Next, the thesis deals with the issue of assisted suicide and its legislation in Switzerland and with the activities of organisations Exit and Dignitas, where the assisted suicide is carried out. It characterises Swiss health models and schemes and compares palliative care. An important role is played by ambulatory service provider Spitex specialized in home care. The conclusion of the thesis is the comparison of Czech and Swiss systems.
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The Question of Need of Thanatopedagogy
ŠÍMOVÁ, Jana
The Thesis deals with the question of the need for thanatopedagogy. The aim of the Thesis is to construct a possible new field of study, to define it, and to examine its content. The focus of the Thesis is on the interconnection between pedagogy and thanatology and is theoretical only. The first chapter is devoted to the science of thanathology, that is the process of death and dying. It contains general information about this science, and also addresses the benefit of thanatology to mankind. The second part focuses on pedagogy, whilst addressing the interdependence of pedagogy and thanatology. From these theoretical foundations the new discipline of thanatopedagogy will develop.
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Death and dying in a home for the elderly Being Netolice
KŘENEK, Josef
This thesis deals with the phenomenon of death and dying. The paper tries to compare the obtained findings from research conducted in their own home for elderly Welfare Centre Netolice and social assistance Vodnany and results from the literature. The aim of the study was to determine how workers home for the elderly perceive death and dying.
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The death and the dying in a view of a worker in a direct care in a small establishment for seniors
TEJKALOVÁ, Blanka
This work deals with improving the provision of palliative care in institutions such as social residential facility, the factors that affect the provision of palliative care. All this from the perspective of direct care staff employed at this facility. Installations center Blanka Diakonie ČCE in town Písek, which provides its clients with comprehensive quality social services. This quality is due to the employees who perform their job with love and tend to their services increasingly improved.
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Dying process and needs of dying persons.
SMILKOVÁ, Božena
The thesis studies the process of dying with a special focus on the needs of dying persons, aiming to provide a complete outline of typical needs. The first section compares and contrasts the process of dying in the past and the present, identifies the stages of the dying process and addresses the psychological issues of hope and human dignity. The next section clearly outlines the needs of dying persons, in particular it discusses the issues of pain management, conversations about truth, accompanying a dying person and understanding the meaning of life and suffering. In order to see how these needs are met, the thesis looks at hospice care, in comparison to euthanasia requested by the ill person.
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Euthanasy from the sight of medical staff in picked-up South-Bohemian hospitals
OPOVÁ, Lenka
The main topic of this thesis was to find out how people view today the issue of euthanasia and what arguments they see for and against its legalization. The theoretical part is focused on the history of suicide and abuse of euthanasia in Nazi Germany, the legislation and attitude of individual states that permit or tolerate the merciful death or assisted suicide and the opinions of some Czech personalities. The empirical part expresses the views of nurses and with the help of a quantitative research, we are trying to find out if they are adequately informed in this field. By using an anonymous questionnaire we learn whether they agree or disagree with the legalization of euthanasia in the Czech Republic and whether their age, department they work in and the frequency of meetings with the dying patient has an effect on their opinion.
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Bioethic in the public discourse
ŠIMKOVÁ, Petra
From time to time there comes to a stirring up of a society-wide discussion on bioethical issues ? abortion, prenatal diagnosis, assisted reproduction and euthanasia in the Czech Republic. This social discussion is largely influenced by media which present to us interesting news or a story, but it is necessary to realize that these topics have a much broader scope and potential impacts than it is served up to us by media. A wide range of debaters as well as professional and lay public regularly express to bioethical issues relating to the beginning and the end of life. For a fruitful discussion it is necessary to clearly define and specify concepts, because often there is a misguided discussion without any expected results. In the past there was no need to deal with such issues very much, because the order was in hands of Nature. Not completely healthy individuals failed to conceive a child, an unwanted foetus was carried to term and its sex was a surprise for parents and finally, people died naturally according to their age or after a lost match with a disease. For many people Nature, for others some Higher Order. Of course, an incredible scientific development enabled such miracles of which we would have not dreamt hundred years ago yet. We have gained many rights, freedom and democracy as well as a wide-ranging choice. Today we can decide whether to become pregnant and in the same way we can decide that we get rid of the full womb from different reasons. Using diagnostic methods we can determine what a child we carry bellow the heart, but with the help of the same technique it can become uncomfortable for us. We can be treated and live even a century and in many places we can lawfully decide that our life has no meaning and we can finish it. The aim of the diploma thesis is to map readers´ awareness of bioethical issues using a secondary analysis of printed documents from three chosen Czech dailies in 2000 ? 2010 years. To track what triggered a debate among the readers, who discussed and what stance adopted the readers on the issue. The secondary objective was also the mapping of all proponents´ and opponents´ arguments of selected topics and comparing the results with the professional literature. The research shows that the public debate was always sparked by an event presented by the media, to which subsequently responded readers from all areas. According to the research results the public awareness of bioethical issues has been formed mostly by experts directly involved in bioethical dilemmas or carrying out such a profession, in which bioethics greatly interferes. Readers of diverse composition participated in the discussion and the most represented group was a group of experts and a group of lay debaters.
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Euthanasie v praxi
Kampleitner, Ralph ; Štěrbová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Gasser, Georg (referee)
In the interplay of critical and self-conscious patients and an ever-aging society the question arises how far patient autonomy sensibly should go and which parameters are deemed to be relevant for end-of-life-decisions. The progress in medicine over the last decades has led on one hand to the possibility of saving lives and maintaining them in situations where before it seemed to be impossible. Nowadays Therefore more and more people are afraid that this boom can be to their detriment when it prolongs instead of shortens their suffering. The fear of unbearable pain and of loss of control fuels the discussion about whether or not euthanasia is morally permissible and should be legalized. This thesis deals with the questions: What speaks in favor of and against the legalization of euthanasia? What forms of treatment are subsumed under the term "euthanasia"? What is the current legal situation in Austria? How far should patient autonomy go? In order to answer these questions a literature research was done which revealed that active euthanasia is not allowed in Austria but in the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg and partly allowed in Switzerland. Interviews conducted among medical staff showed that medical personnel in Austria mostly are in favor of active euthanasia because they are not satisfied with the end of life care that is provided at the moment. They also embrace the trend of patient autonomy and think that patients can have the autonomous wish to end their lives but that it is difficult to determine a patient's autonomy. The reason for this is that autonomy is a gradual value that comprises patients' capacity as well as patients' long-standing goals, values, and preferences that were developed during their life. Therefore it can be concluded that increasing the availability of appropriate end-of-life care could be a solution that prevents medical staff from taking uncomfortable decisions and still enables patients to die in a dignified way.
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